TRNG I HC TI NGUYN V MI TRNG H NI

KHOA MI TRNG

N TT NGHIP
NH GI HM LNG MT S KIM LOI NNG TRONG T XUNG
QUANH KHU VC M THAN VNG DANH, TNH QUNG NINH

Sinh vin thc hin: Bi Th Hu

Gio vin hng dn: TS. Hong Ngc Khc

H Ni, nm 2015

MC LC
LI CM N
LI M U ........................................................................................................ 1
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN TI LIU V CC VN NGHIN CU...... 3
1.1. Tng quan khu vc nghin cu ......................................................................... 3
1.1.1. nh hng ca cc nhn t ha hc n mi trng t xung quanh khu vc
m than Vng Danh. ................................................................................................ 5
1.1.2. nh hng ca mi trng t xung quanh m than Vng Danh n sc
khe con ngi lao ng v cng ng dn c. ....................................................... 5
1.2. Kim loi nng v cc dng tn ti ca kim loi nng trong t, ngun gc pht
sinh.......................................................................................................................... 6
1.2.1. Kim loi nng v cc dng tn ti ca kim loi nng trong t. ...................... 6
1.2.2. Ngun gc pht sinh kim loi nng trong mi trng t. .............................. 7
1.3. S nh hng ca kim loi n cy trng v sc khe con ngi ..................... 8
1.4. Cc nghin cu v kim loi nng Vit Nam ................................................. 11
1.5. Cc phng php xc nh hm lng kim loi nng ...................................... 12
CHNG 2: A IM, THI GIAN V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU 19
2.1. a im, thi gian v i tng nghin cu .................................................. 19
2.1.1. a im nghin cu .................................................................................... 19
2.1.2. Thi gian nghin cu ................................................................................... 19
2.1.3. i tng nghin cu .................................................................................. 19
2.2. Phng php nghin cu ................................................................................ 20
2.2.1. Phng php thu thp ti liu:..................................................................... 20
2.2.2. Phng php thc nghim........................................................................... 20
2.2.3. Phng php x l s liu ........................................................................... 28
CHNG 3: KT QU NGHIN CU V THO LUN ............................ 29
3.1. nh gi hm lng mt s kim loi nng trong t xung quanh khu vc m
than Vng Danh_Qung Ninh ................................................................................ 29
3.1.1. Kt qu phn tch xc nh hm lng kim loi nng trong t .................... 29
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SVTH: Bi Th Hu LH3M

3.1.2. nh gi hm lng kim loi nng trong t ............................................... 33

3.2. xut mt s bin php bo v mi trng ................................................ 36
KT LUN V KIN NGH ............................................................................. 38
TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................... 39

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SVTH: Bi Th Hu LH3M

DANH MC BNG

Bng 2.1. c im ca mu t phn tch ............................................................ 21

Bng 3.1: H s kh kit ca t tng v tr ........................................................ 29
Bng 3.2: Hm lng ca tng ch tiu trong t ................................................... 29

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SVTH: Bi Th Hu LH3M

DANH MC HNH
Hnh 2.1: Bn khu vc ly mu t ................................................................... 19
Hnh 2.2: th v phng trnh ng chun ca Asen....................................... 25
Hnh 2.3: th v phng trnh ng chun ca Km ....................................... 26
Hnh 2.4: th v phng trnh ng chun ca Cadimi ................................... 27
Hnh 2.5: th v phng trnh ng chun ca Ch ......................................... 28
Hnh 3.1: Hm lng As trong t cng nghip xung quanh m than Vng Danh
Qung Ninh ........................................................................................................... 30
Hnh 3.2: Hm lng Zn trong t cng nghip xung quanh m than Vng Danh
Qung Ninh ........................................................................................................... 31
Hnh 3.3: Hm lng Cd trong t cng nghip xung quanh m than Vng Danh
Qung Ninh ........................................................................................................... 32
Hnh 3.4: Hm lng Pb trong t cng nghip xung quanh m than Vng Danh
Qung Ninh ........................................................................................................... 33
Hnh 3.5: Hm lng cc kim loi nng ti v tr 1(VT1)....................................... 33
Hnh 3.6: Hm lng cc kim loi nng ti v tr 2 (VT2) ...................................... 34
Hnh 3.7: Hm lng cc kim loi nng ti v tr 3 (VT3) ...................................... 34
Hnh 3.8: Hm lng cc kim loi nng ti v tr 4 (VT4) ...................................... 35
Hnh 3.9: Hm lng cc kim loi nng ti v tr 5 (VT5) ...................................... 35

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SVTH: Bi Th Hu LH3M

1
LI M U
1. L do chn ti
t l mt thnh phn quan trng ca mi trng, l mt ti nguyn v gi m
ti nguyn ban tng cho con ngi. t l t liu sn xut c bit, l i tng lao
ng c o, l mt yu t cu thnh mt h sinh thi Tri t. Trn quan im sinh
thi hc, t l mt ti nguyn ti to, l vt mang ca nhiu h sinh thi trn Tri
t. Vi sc p ngy cng tng v dn s, ko theo s pht trin mnh v cng
nghip, th ha, vic lm v giao thng, lm cho ti nguyn t b khai thc mnh
v s suy thoi ca mi trng ngy tr nn nghim trng. Con ngi tc ng vo
t cng chnh l tc ng vo h sinh thi. Nh vy, ty thuc vo phng thc i
x ca con ngi i vi t m t c th pht trin theo chiu hng tt v cng c
th pht trin theo chiu hng xu. Cho nn vic bo v mi trng t, duy tr sc
sn xut lu di ca t l mt trong nhng chin lc quan trng ca nc ta trong
vic x l hp l v lu bn cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin.
Nm trong vng kinh t trng im min Bc, Qung Ninh l mt tnh c qu
trnh th ho cng nghip ho pht trin mnh ca Vit Nam.Tuy nhin, qu
trnh th ha cng nghip ha lun ng ngha vi vic lm bin i mi
trng t nhin, c hai khuynh hng tch cc v tiu cc.
Mi trng khng nhng b nhim do qu trnh th ha, hot ng canh
tc ca nng nghip, sinh hot, giao thng vn ti m ch yu l do cc hot ng
pht trin kinh t ca cc khu cng nghip, khai thc khong sn. Hot ng pht
trin kinh t x hi ca cc khu cng nghip c nhng tc ng tch cc v tiu
cc ti vn mi trng v ngc li mi trng cng gp phn to nn nhng
thun li v kh khn trong vic sn xut. Vi nhng thnh tu t c, trong
nhng nm qua tnh Qung Ninh ang phi i mt vi nhng vn bc xc v s
suy gim cht lng mi trng.
Hin nay, mt trong nhng ngnh cng nghip m Qung Ninh u i pht
trin l khai thc v s dng hp l ti nguyn thin khong sn c ch trng l
khai thc than. Tuy nhin, vic khai thc khong sn v ang li nhng h ly
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SVTH: Bi Th Hu LH3M

2
v mi trng, mt phn quy m l do khai thc nh khin cho vic u t cng
ngh khng ln, dn n hiu sut khai thc thp m mi trng b nh hng nng
n, c bit l mi trng t xung quanh m than ang hot ng.
Hot ng khai thc than c ngha v cng quan trng trong s nghip cng
nghip ha hin i ha t nc, xong vic khai thc thiu quy hoch tng th
khng quan tm n cnh quan mi trng v ang lm bin ng ngun ti
nguyn thin nhin nh mt dn t canh tc, gim din tch rng gy nhim
ngun nc nc mt, nc ngm v mi trng t xung quanh khu vc m than
ang khai thc, khng nhng vy cn nh hng n sc khe ngi dn sng xung
quanh khu vc m than khai thc. V vy, vic phng chng nhim mi trng l
bi ton v cng phc tp v kh khn i hi tt c mi ngi cng tham gia th
mi hy vng gim thiu nhim.
Tt c cc mt hn ch nu trn tc ng khng ch n s pht trin chung
ca tnh Qung Ninh m cn tc ng nghim trng ti cht lng mi trng v
sc khe cng ng. V vy gp thm t liu v hin trng mi trng ca m
than Vng Danh Qung Ninh, chng ti la chn ti: nh gi hm lng
mt s kim loi nng trong t xung quanh khu vc m than Vng Danh, tnh
Qung Ninh. T a ra cc gii php nng cao cht lng mi trng kh
thi nht.
2. Mc tiu ca ti
Xc nh c hm lng cc kim loi nng tng s (As, Cd, Pb, Zn) trong
mi trng t xung quanh khu vc m than Vng Danh, tnh Qung Ninh.
3. Ni dung nghin cu
- Ly mu v phn tch mu, xc nh hm lng As, Cd, Pd, Zn trong mu t
- nh gi v hm lng kim loi nng trong mi trng t xung quanh m
than Vng Danh.
- Tm hiu cc nguyn nhn nh hng n mi trng t xung quanh m than
Vng Danh
- xut bin php bo v mi trng t xung quanh khu vc nghin cu.

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SVTH: Bi Th Hu LH3M