GSM uses Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GSMK) modulation to greatly reduce interference between channels. It operates using time division multiple access (TDMA) and frequency division multiple access (FDMA) in frequency bands between 800-2000 MHz, with most networks in the 900 and 1800 MHz bands. GSM employs frequency division duplexing (FDD) where the transmitter and receiver use different carrier frequencies, and utilizes block and convolutional channel coding.
GSM uses Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GSMK) modulation to greatly reduce interference between channels. It operates using time division multiple access (TDMA) and frequency division multiple access (FDMA) in frequency bands between 800-2000 MHz, with most networks in the 900 and 1800 MHz bands. GSM employs frequency division duplexing (FDD) where the transmitter and receiver use different carrier frequencies, and utilizes block and convolutional channel coding.
GSM uses Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GSMK) modulation to greatly reduce interference between channels. It operates using time division multiple access (TDMA) and frequency division multiple access (FDMA) in frequency bands between 800-2000 MHz, with most networks in the 900 and 1800 MHz bands. GSM employs frequency division duplexing (FDD) where the transmitter and receiver use different carrier frequencies, and utilizes block and convolutional channel coding.
The Modulation used in GSM is Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK),a kind of continuous-phase frequency shift keying. In GMSK, the signal to be modulated onto the carrier is first smoothed with a Gaussian low-pass filter prior to being fed to a frequency modulator, which greatly reduces the interference to neighboring channels (adjacent-channel interference). 2-Frequency Bands (900/1800/1900 MHz) GSM networks operate in a number of different carrier frequency ranges (separated into GSM frequency ranges for 2G and UMTS frequency bands for 3G), with most 2G GSM networks operating in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands. Where these bands were already allocated, the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands were used instead (for example in Canada and the United States). In rare cases the 400 and 450 MHz frequency bands are assigned in some countries because they were previously used for firstgeneration systems. 3-Multiple access technique (TDMA/FDMA) GSM combines TDMA with Frequency Hopping and wideband transmission to minimize common types of interference. 4-Duplexing technique (FDD) Frequency-division duplexing (FDD) means that the transmitter and receiver operate at different carrier frequencies. 5-Channel coding GSM uses: a. Block code. b. Convolutional code.