3:

1:

1.

. p
p
.
h
,
.
,

) y2 y1 .
) p0 p gh , .
) p p 0 .
.

.
p gh , p 0 .

p gh p0

(1).

, h ,
P.
gh p, (1)
. (1) .

2.

;

) , .
) , .
) ,
.

.

.

. ,
.

h, .

gh P h

P
g

,
.

1.

=1 g/cm3.

, p0=1,013105 N/m2.
g=9,81 m/sec2.

h,
gh
(p=0) .

.
, .

1, 013105
2
p
p0 p gh h 0 3 m
h 10,32 m
m
g 10 kg
9,81 2
106 m3
s

2.
U
().

1= 10 cm2 2= 5 cm2 (
).
100 g
.
.
)
.
) h,
.
: 1=13,6 g/cm3
2=1 g/cm3.

)
( C.G.S).
h2

m 2 V2 m 2 2 h 2 h 2

m
100gr
h2
h 2 20cm .
g
2 2
2
1 3 5cm
cm

)
.
x h :

Vx Vh 2 x A1h x 2h

(1)

g
1 3
2
cm
p0 2 gh 2 p0 1g h x 2 h 2 1 3h h
h2 h
20cm
g
31
3 13, 6 3
cm
1

20
cm 0, 49 cm .
40,8
: 15/12/2015
:
: ,

3:
2:

1.
,
.
) .
) .
) .
.

. ,
=, .

2.

.

2 9 cm/s.
) 1= 3 cm/s

) 1 = 9 cm/s

) 1= 27 cm/s .

.

1=32.
:

1 2 11 22 32 1 2 9 1 3cm / s

3.

1,
(
) 1.

2
3,
2 3 .
) 1 2 3
) 11 2 2 33
) 1 2 3

.

t,
.

m1 m2 m3
V1 V2 V3

t
t
t
t
t
t

1 2 3 11 2 2 33

4.


.

.
)
) .
) .
.

.
==,

. (-=W ) , m
.

5.

( )
.

. .


,
)
)
)
.

.
. 1, 3
.

:

1 33

(1)

1 33 (2)
(1) (2) .

1
300 m3
10 . 2 m/s.
.
) .
) .
.

) , 300 m3 10
. :

V 300 m3
m3

0,5
t 600 sec
sec

) :

m3

sec A 0, 25 m 2
A
m

2
sec
0,5

2
30 L/min 1.
2, 2= 1/5.
h=1,8 m
s=6 m. :
)
.
) .
) .
) .
.
g=10 m/sec2.

) :

1
2h
2 1,8 m
h gt 2 t
t
t 0, 6 sec.
m
2
g
10 2
sec

) :

s
m
s t 10
t
sec

)
, . :

30 103 m3

2 2 2 60 sec 0,5 104 m 2 2 0,5 cm 2

m

10
sec
) :

11 2 2 1

2 2
m
1 2
1
sec
7

3
,
. ,
.
. =1,2 cm
1=40 cm/s.
r=210-4 cm,
2=0,05 cm/s .
.
.

1 2
.
, 2 r 2 .
, :

2 1

2
11 2 2 R 1 r 2 1 r 2 2
4r 2
2
2

40 cm
sec

7, 2109
2
0,
05
cm
4 2 104
sec

1, 2 cm

5-10

: 10/11/2015

: ,
: ,

3:
3: BERNOULLI

1.

.
,
.
, hB, , h,
. h > h.
. h < h
. h = h
.

.
Bernoulli 1 2
.

1 2
1
1 p1 22 p2
2
2

(1)

,
, 2 > 1 . (1) p2<p1 .
.
.
, pB
p1 .

pB p1 p ghB p1

(2)

p p2 p gh p2

(3)

(2) (3) h > h.

2.

.
h.

. =
2
B. 2gh

. 2gh
.

.
,
.

3.

1
2 1 = 22.
h

1 2 2 = 21.



. 1 2
. 1 = 2
. 1 = 22
. 2 = 21.
.

.
= .
Toriccelli,
h
. , ,
.
1 = 1 2 = 2 = 21

2 = 21.

4.
,
,

.

. .
.
.

.
Bernoulli, ,
, . ,

()
.
.

5.

,
h

.

.
. .
. .
.

.
Bernoulli
(
)
.
,
.

1 2
1
A p B2 p B gy
2
2
pA = patm = 0. p = patm = 0.

0 patm 0 patm gy y 0
Bernoulli .
.

6.
,
E
> .
. .
. .
. .
.

.
, .

.

( Bernoulli) =+(U/V)
(U/V) . >,
(U/V)<0 .

K K WF Ww

K K
V

H (1) : E E

E E ,

K K
V
WF
V

WF
V

Ww
V

(1)

E.

Ww
V

Ww
0 . ,
V

1


h = 0,2m ,

=3*10-4m2.
.
.
( Torricelli).
. .
. h
.
patm,
g = 10m/s2.

. Bernoulli ,
,
.
, .

1 2
1
p gh 2 p
2
2
, ,
pA = pB = patm
, =0.

1
gh 2 2gh
2
Torricelli .

h.
.
: 2 10

m
m
0,2m 2
2
s
s

. :
3
m
L
3 m
3 10 m 2 0,6 10
0,6
s
s
s
4

. H

2gh

2gh 2 2gh h 4h 0,8m

2


(
Ventouri). 1
1 2
2. ,

h
= 10cm.
. 1 2.
. 1 2.
. N 1.
.
g = 10m/s2 , = 1000 kg/m3

. 1 2 :

A 1 1 A 2 2 2

A 1 1
(1)
A2

2 31
. .

. , pB
p1 .

p1 pB .

p = patm + gh1 , p1 = patm + gh1 , (2)

p2 = patm + gh2 , (3)

p1 p2 = g(h1 - h2) , (4)
: p1 p2 103 N / m2
. Bernoulli
1 2.
, gh
.

1 2
1
1
1 p1 22 p2 p1 p 2 22 12 ,
2
2
2

(5)

(5),(1)

p1 p 2

1 2 12
1 2 1 , (6)
2
2

(4) (6) 1

2gh
2

A1

1
A2

m
0,1m
s2
32 1

2 10

1=0,5 m/s

10

.


( )
.


h = 10cm.
.


.
. .
: = 1,25 kg/m3, = 1000 kg/m3 , patm =
105N/m2 g = 10m/s2.

Bernoulli
A B.

1 2
1
A p A B2 pB
2
2
, pA = patm = 0

1
N
pB 2A patm pB 0,6252A 105 2
2
m

, (1)

. .

.

pB p patm gh , (2)
(1),(2)

2 gh
1
2A gh A

kg
0,1m
m
m3
A 40
kg
s
1,25 3
m

2 1000

:
Pitot .
11

4

h = 5m. H
= 10cm2.
= 10m/s. :
.
( )
. .
. .
. () .
. : = 1000kg/m3, g = 10m/s2.

. ,
( )
, = = 10m/s.
. Bernoulli
.

1 2
1
B p B 2 p gh , (B )
2
2
kg
m
N
p B p gh 1000 3 10 2 5m p B p 5 10 4 2
m
s
m
. .

dW p B p dV
dW
kg
m
m

gh A
1000 3 10 2 5m 10 10 4 m 2 10
dt
dt
dt
m
s
s

dW
500 W
dt
: .
. () :

dW
dt

-
.
Ww .

12

1
1
m2 0 W Ww m2 0 W m gh
2
2
1
W m2 m gh
2
, P :

dW 1 2
dm 1 2

gh
gh A
dt
2
dt 2

1 m 2

m
kg
m
10 10 2 5m 1000 3 10 10 4 m 2 10
P 1000W
2 s

s
m
s

13

5
, Boeing 737
.
= 70m2 .
,
,
= 756km/h,
= 684km/h. :
.
.
. .
. Boeing 737 ,
= 20.
o: = 1,25kg/m3, patm = 105N/m2, 20 = 0,94

A. ernoulli , ,

= .

1
1
1
2
p 2 p A 2A p A p
2A
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
p 2 p B 2B p B p
2B
2
2
2
:

1
N
p p 2 2 5000 2
2
m

B. , F,

F p A pB 2A
2 .

F p A pB 2A 5000

N
140m2 F 700.000 N
2
m

14

. F
, .

w F F 700.000N 0,94 w 658.000

: 11/01/2016

:
: ,

15

3:
4:

1.
, 2
, 1

F
w .
.
, 1
.
. F
1 .
.
1.
. F
.
.

.
,
F
( ) .
1 , . ,
, F

.

2.
.

.

(ii).
.
,
( )
.

, W=(p-p) V.
W>0 p-p>0 ,
. p=p+gh.
, h . (ii).

: 3/11/2015

:
: ,