Chaldu 1

Monique Chaldu
Selina Youngren
ENG123
26 February 2016

Annotated Bibliography
Goshin, Lorie S. "Ethnographic Assessment of an Alternative to Incarceration for Women With
Minor Children." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 85.5 (2015): 469-482.
PsycARTICLES. Web. 13 Jan. 2016.

Goshins journal gives a lot of good statistics on women in the criminal justice system.
The journal goes on to describe details about different options for women with children in
the criminal justice system. It is mentioned that the programs are only in select prisons
and jails. There are good statistics and outcomes of different studies done with women
and children. The main topic of the journal is Supportive Housing (SH) for families. The
journal describes a study done on a SH in one of the largest jurisdictions in the country. It
describes the women, method, data analysis and validity of the entire study.

Siegel, Jane A.. Disrupted Childhoods: Children of Women in Prison. Piscataway, NJ, USA:
Rutgers University Press, 2011. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 13 January 2016.

Siegel goes through personal accounts of children whose lives were affected by mass
incarceration. The book describes the reason for the spike in incarceration numbers,
describing how the war on drugs was the reason for the spike. Rutgers compares children
with parents in prison to children with parents in professions, like the armed forces, that

Chaldu 2

might keep them away, noting that the children with parents in prison have to deal with
the negative stigma of having a parent or parents in prison. The physiological
repercussions of a parent in prison are reviewed in this book. Another outcome to having
limited access to a parent who has been incarcerated is an increase possibility for children
to suffer from depression or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Siegel looks at the
cycle ever repeating itself because children of incarcerated parents are more likely to be
incarcerated themselves.

Arditti, Joyce A.. Parental Incarceration and the Family : Psychological and Social Effects of
Imprisonment on Children, Parents, and Caregivers. New York, NY, USA: New York
University Press (NYU Press), 2012. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 13 January 2016.

Arditti gives accounts of her experience studying the criminal justice system and
humanizing the science that has put everything in to numbers. There are statistics about
incarceration and the reasons for widespread mass incarceration. Case studies are used
through the book to give examples of parental incarcerations studies. Through the book
different hardships are identified for different races and social classes. The role of
cumulative disadvantage factors are explored and broken down. Arditti reviews the
connection between substance abuse, mental health and imprisonment.

Lee, Hedwig, Lauren C. Porter, and Megan Comfort. "Consequences of Family Member
Incarceration: Impacts On Civic Participation And Perceptions of The Legitimacy And
Fairness of Government." Annals of The American Academy of Political and Social
Science 651.1 (2014): 44-73. PsycINFO. Web. 14 Jan. 2016

Chaldu 3

Lee explains that correctional facilities do not collect data on their inmates, their families,
or social standings so most of the information we have are estimates. Poverty and other
forms of economic instabilities seem to precede incarceration. Evidence shows that
parents can sway a childs political views by talking to them. Parents who have been
incarcerated, in some cases have had their voting privileges revoked or suspended. In the
cases when voting privileges have been taken away, the parents child will never be
exposed to political views of a parent so it is more likely that the child will not vote
either.

Arditti, Joyce A. "Family Process Perspective on the Heterogeneous Effects of Maternal

Incarceration on Child Wellbeing [Comments]." Criminology and Public Policy 1 (2015):
169. HeinOnline. Web. 14 Jan. 2016.

Ardittis research found that maternal incarceration for mothers who were least likely to
be incarcerated was detrimental to their children. If the mother was likely to go to prison
because of associations, drug abuse or lifestyle it was less detrimental to the child.
Womens incarceration rates are reviewed in depth and the rise in womens incarceration
rates is shocking. Incarcerated women are more likely to have children and be the single
parental role in their childrens lives. Children with parents in prison show resilience by
de-identifying with the incarcerated parent and identifying and bonding with the parental
figure in their lives.

Chaldu 4

Allen, S, C Flaherty, and G Ely. "Throwaway Moms: Maternal Incarceration and the
Criminalization of Female Poverty." Affilia: Journal of Women & Social Work 25.2
(2010): 160-172 13p. CINAHL Complete. Web. 14 Jan. 2016.

Allen states that the fastest growing population in prison is mothers. Mothers in prison
are twice as likely to report homelessness, when compared to men. Sentencing reasons
include mandatory and gender-neutral sentencing. Maternal incarceration impacts the
child more. Little boys react the same whether their mother or father is incarcerated
while little girls act angry when their mother is incarcerated and shy and attention seeking
when it is their father who is incarcerated.

Gaston, Roberta. "Collateral Damage: Examining the Impact of Maternal Incarceration on the
Social, Emotional, Behavioral and Educational Functioning of Children: Released
Mothers' Perspective." Electronic Thesis or Dissertation. Cleveland State University,
2008. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. 14 Jan 2016.

Gaston studied five mothers and their children through incarceration to release, they were
asked to document on behavioral or social issues they saw during and after incarceration.
The thesis is written by an African-American mother and her individual bias does make it
into the thesis. A point about women charged with criminal offenses after giving birth to
babies who test positive for drugs, most of these women are poor and black.
Incarcerating women for giving birth to a drug addicted baby pits the mothers right to
independence over her own body. Children at different ages are affected differently and
whether or not they witness the arrest is a factor too. Mothers who give birth to infants

Chaldu 5

while they are in prison usually only spend a few days with the infants before they have
to go back to prison and because most prisons are not equipped to accommodate mothers
and children, the infants cannot properly form a bond with their mother, which is a major
milestone in a childs life.

Harvey, Sylvia A. "What About Us?." Nation 301.25/26 (2015): 10-17. Academic Search
Premier. Web. 14 Jan. 2016.
Harvey gives an interesting look into the lives of children who have an incarcerated
parent. She interviews the children and their accounts of visitation and how it made them
feel. Cities and states who once offered overnight visitation had to stop it when prisons
started to become over crowded. Some of the reason for discontinuing the programs were
there was not enough positive evidence that the program did any good. In these
interviews it seems that children who had overnight or weekly visitation with their
incarcerated parent were better off because they got to know their parent and formed a
stronger bond with them.
National Womens Law Center, and The Rebecca Project for Human Rights. Mothers Behind
Bars: A State-by-state Report Card and Analysis of Federal Policies on Conditions of
Confinement for Pregnant and Parenting Women and the Effect on Their Children.
Publication. National Womens Law Center, Oct. 2010. Web. 20 Jan. 2016.

Family-Based Treatment as an Alternative to Incarceration: Seventeen states received a

failing grade (F) for their lack of adequate access to family-based treatment programs for
non-violent women who are parenting.

Chaldu 6

Seventeen states have no family-based treatment programs, while thirty-four states make
such programs available.
Of the thirty-four states with family-based treatment programs, thirty-two offered women
the option to be sentenced to these programs in lieu of prison, while two did not.