Inverse Circular Functions PDF

Inverse Circular Functions and Equations Involving Them
Institute of Mathematics, University of the Philippines
Lecture 26
(IMath, UP)
Inverse Circular Functions
Lec. 26
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Equations involving Inverse Circular Functions
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
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Recall: Circular functions are not one-to-one
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
3 / 28

We restrict each of their domains such that:
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
3 / 28

We restrict each of their domains such that:
the circular function is one-to-one on the restricted domain
the range of the restricted circular function is the same
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
3 / 28
Inverse sine function
3
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
4 / 28
3
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
4 / 28
3
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
4 / 28
3
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
4 / 28
3
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
4 / 28
Definition
Inverse sine function:
For any x [1, 1],
h i
y = sin1 x x = sin y, y ,
2 2
1
2
dom sin1 : [1, 1]
(IMath, UP)
h i
ran sin1 = ,
2 2
Lec. 26
5 / 28
1. sin1
!
3
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
6 / 28
1. sin1
!
3
2
y = sin1
(IMath, UP)
!
3
2
Lec. 26
6 / 28
1. sin1
!
3
2
y = sin1
(IMath, UP)
h i
3
3
sin y =
, y ,
2
2
2 2
Lec. 26
6 / 28
1. sin1
!
3
2
y = sin1
y=
(IMath, UP)
h i
3
3
sin y =
, y ,
2
2
2 2
Lec. 26
6 / 28
1. sin1
!
3
2
y = sin1
h i
3
3
sin y =
, y ,
2
2
2 2
y=
3
1
2. sin1
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
6 / 28
1. sin1
!
3
2
!
h i
3
3
sin y =
, y ,
2
2
2 2
y = sin1
y=
3
1
2. sin1
2
1
y = sin
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
6 / 28
1. sin1
!
3
2
!
h i
3
3
sin y =
, y ,
2
2
2 2
y = sin1
y=
3
1
2. sin1
2
1
y = sin
(IMath, UP)
h i
1
sin y = , y ,
2
2 2
Lec. 26
6 / 28
1. sin1
!
3
2
!
h i
3
3
sin y =
, y ,
2
2
2 2
y = sin1
y=
3
1
2. sin1
2
1
y = sin
y=
(IMath, UP)
h i
1
sin y = , y ,
2
2 2
Lec. 26
6 / 28
3. sin
!
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
7 / 28
3. sin
!
2
=
2
4
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
7 / 28
3. sin
!
2
=
2
4
4. sin1 0
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
7 / 28
3. sin
!
2
=
2
4
4. sin1 0 = 0
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
7 / 28
3. sin
!
2
=
2
4
4. sin1 0 = 0
5. sin1 (1)
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
7 / 28
3. sin
!
2
=
2
4
4. sin1 0 = 0
5. sin1 (1) =
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
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3. sin
!
2
=
2
4
4. sin1 0 = 0
5. sin1 (1) =
6. sin1 2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
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3. sin
!
2
=
2
4
4. sin1 0 = 0
2
6. sin1 2: undefined
5. sin1 (1) =
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
7 / 28
3
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
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3
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
8 / 28
3
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
8 / 28
3
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
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3
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
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Definition
Inverse cosine function:
For any x [1, 1],
y = cos1 x x = cos y, y [0, ]
dom cos1 : [1, 1]
(IMath, UP)
ran cos1 = [0, ]
Lec. 26
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1. cos1
!
3
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
10 / 28
1. cos1
!
3
2
y = cos1
(IMath, UP)
!
3
2
Lec. 26
10 / 28
1. cos1
!
3
2
y = cos1
(IMath, UP)
3
3
cos y =
, y [0, ]
2
2
Lec. 26
10 / 28
1. cos1
!
3
2
y = cos1
y=
(IMath, UP)
3
3
cos y =
, y [0, ]
2
2
Lec. 26
10 / 28
1. cos1
!
3
2
y = cos1
2. cos1
3
3
cos y =
, y [0, ]
2
2
y=
6
!
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
10 / 28
1. cos1
!
3
2
y = cos1
2. cos1
3
3
cos y =
, y [0, ]
2
2
y=
6
!
3
2
=
4
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
10 / 28
1. cos1
!
3
2
y = cos1
2. cos1
3
3
cos y =
, y [0, ]
2
2
y=
6
!
3
2
=
4
2
3. cos1 (1)
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
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1. cos1
!
3
2
y = cos1
2. cos1
3
3
cos y =
, y [0, ]
2
2
y=
6
!
3
2
=
4
2
3. cos1 (1) =
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
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1. cos1
!
3
2
y = cos1
2. cos1
3
3
cos y =
, y [0, ]
2
2
y=
6
!
3
2
=
4
2
3. cos1 (1) =

1
1
4. cos
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
10 / 28
1. cos1
!
3
2
y = cos1
2. cos1
3
3
cos y =
, y [0, ]
2
2
y=
6
!
3
2
=
4
2
3. cos1 (1) =

1
2
1
4. cos
=
2
3
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
10 / 28
!
3
2
1. cos1
y = cos1
2. cos1
3
3
cos y =
, y [0, ]
2
2
y=
6
!
3
2
=
4
2
3. cos1 (1) =

1
2
1
4. cos
=
2
3
5. cos1 0
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
10 / 28
1. cos1
!
3
2
y = cos1
2. cos1
3
3
cos y =
, y [0, ]
2
2
y=
6
!
3
2
=
4
2
3. cos1 (1) =

1
2
1
4. cos
=
2
3
5. cos1 0 =
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
10 / 28
The other inverse circular functions are defined similarly:

y = tan1 x x = tan y,
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
11 / 28

y = tan1 x x = tan y, x
(IMath, UP)
R,
Lec. 26
11 / 28

(IMath, UP)
R, y

,
2 2
Lec. 26
11 / 28

R, y

,
2 2
y = cot1 x x = cot y,
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
11 / 28
R, y
y = cot1 x x = cot y, x R,
(IMath, UP)

,
2 2
Lec. 26
11 / 28
R, y 2 , 2
y = cot1 x x = cot y, x R, y (0, )
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
11 / 28
R, y 2 , 2
y = cot1 x x = cot y, x R, y (0, )
y = sec1 x x = sec y,
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
11 / 28
R, y 2 , 2
y = cot1 x x = cot y, x R, y (0, )
y = sec1 x x = sec y, x (, 1] [1, +),
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
11 / 28
R, y 2 , 2
y = cot1 x x = cot y, x R, y (0, )
y = sec1 x x = sec y, x (, 1] [1, +), y [0, ] \
(IMath, UP)
n o
Lec. 26
11 / 28
R, y 2 , 2
y = cot1 x x = cot y, x R, y (0, )
y = sec1 x x = sec y, x (, 1] [1, +), y [0, ] \
n o
2
y = csc1 x x = csc y,
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
11 / 28
R, y 2 , 2
y = cot1 x x = cot y, x R, y (0, )
y = sec1 x x = sec y, x (, 1] [1, +), y [0, ] \
n o
2
y = csc1 x x = csc y, x (, 1] [1, +),
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
11 / 28
R, y 2 , 2
y = cot1 x x = cot y, x R, y (0, )
n o
y = sec1 x x = sec y, x (, 1] [1, +), y [0, ] \
2
h i
y = csc1 x x = csc y, x (, 1] [1, +), y ,
\ {0}
2 2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
11 / 28
R, y 2 , 2
y = cot1 x x = cot y, x R, y (0, )
n o
y = sec1 x x = sec y, x (, 1] [1, +), y [0, ] \
2
h i
y = csc1 x x = csc y, x (, 1] [1, +), y ,
\ {0}
2 2
The sin1 , cos1 , tan1 , . . . functions are also denoted
Arcsin, Arccos, Arctan, . . ..
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
11 / 28
Inverse tangent function:
x=
(IMath, UP)
x = 2
Lec. 26
12 / 28
x=
(IMath, UP)
x = 2
Lec. 26
12 / 28
y=
y = 2
x=
(IMath, UP)
x = 2
Lec. 26
12 / 28
y=
y = 2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
12 / 28
y=
y = 2
dom tan1 =
(IMath, UP)

ran tan1 = ,
2 2
Lec. 26
12 / 28
Inverse cotangent function:

y=
dom cot1 =
(IMath, UP)
ran cot1 = (0, )
Lec. 26
13 / 28
Inverse secant function:

(1, )
y=
(1, 0)
dom sec1 = (, 1] [1, +)
(IMath, UP)
ran sec1 = [0, ] \
n o
2
Lec. 26
14 / 28
Inverse cosecant function:

(1,
)
2
(1, 2 )
dom csc1 = (, 1] [1, +)
(IMath, UP)
h i
ran csc1 = ,
\ {0}
2 2
Lec. 26
15 / 28
sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
16 / 28
sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
tan1
!
3
3
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
16 / 28
sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
tan1
3
=
6
3
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
16 / 28
sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
3
=
6
3
tan1
tan1 (1)
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
16 / 28
sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
3
=
tan1
6
3
tan1 (1) =
4
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
16 / 28
sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
3
=
tan1
6
3
tan1 (1) =
4

cot1 3
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
16 / 28
sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
3
=
tan1
6
3
tan1 (1) =
4

5
cot1 3 =
6
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
16 / 28
sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
3
=
tan1
6
3
tan1 (1) =
4

5
cot1 3 =
6
Arccot 0
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
16 / 28
sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
3
=
tan1
6
3
tan1 (1) =
4

5
cot1 3 =
6
Arccot 0 =
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
16 / 28
sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
3
=
tan1
6
3
tan1 (1) =
4

5
cot1 3 =
6
Arccot 0 =
2
(IMath, UP)

sec1 2
Lec. 26
16 / 28
sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
3
=
tan1
6
3
tan1 (1) =
4

5
cot1 3 =
6
Arccot 0 =
2
(IMath, UP)

3
sec1 2 =
4
Lec. 26
16 / 28
sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
3
=
tan1
6
3
tan1 (1) =
4

5
cot1 3 =
6
Arccot 0 =
2
(IMath, UP)

3
sec1 2 =
4
sec1 (2)
Lec. 26
16 / 28
sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
3
=
tan1
6
3
tan1 (1) =
4

5
cot1 3 =
6
Arccot 0 =
2
(IMath, UP)

3
sec1 2 =
4
2
1
sec (2) =
3
Lec. 26
16 / 28
sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
3
=
tan1
6
3
tan1 (1) =
4

5
cot1 3 =
6
Arccot 0 =
2
(IMath, UP)

3
sec1 2 =
4
2
1
sec (2) =
3
Arccsc 2
Lec. 26
16 / 28
sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
3
=
tan1
6
3
tan1 (1) =
4

5
cot1 3 =
6
Arccot 0 =
2
(IMath, UP)

3
sec1 2 =
4
2
1
sec (2) =
3
Arccsc 2 =
4
Lec. 26
16 / 28
sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
3
=
tan1
6
3
tan1 (1) =
4

5
cot1 3 =
6
Arccot 0 =
2
(IMath, UP)

3
sec1 2 =
4
2
1
sec (2) =
3
Arccsc 2 =
4
!
2 3
csc1
3
Lec. 26
16 / 28
sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
3
=
tan1
6
3
tan1 (1) =
4

5
cot1 3 =
6
Arccot 0 =
2
(IMath, UP)

3
sec1 2 =
4
2
1
sec (2) =
3
Arccsc 2 =
4
!
2 3
csc1
=
3
3
Lec. 26
16 / 28
Recall: (f 1 f )(x) = x for every x dom f
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
17 / 28

Thus,
h i
sin1 (sin x) = x for every x ,
2 2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
17 / 28

Thus,
h i
2 2
1
cos (cos x) = x for every x [0, ]
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
17 / 28

Thus,
h i
2 2
1

tan1 (tan x) = x for every x ,
2 2
1
cot (cot x) = x for every x (0, )
n o
sec1 (sec x) = x for every x [0, ] \
h i2
1
csc (csc x) = x for every x ,
\ {0}
2 2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
17 / 28

Thus,
h i
2 2
1

tan1 (tan x) = x for every x ,
2 2
1
cot (cot x) = x for every x (0, )
n o
sec1 (sec x) = x for every x [0, ] \
h i2
1
csc (csc x) = x for every x ,
\ {0}
2 2
Circ1 (Circ x) = x for every x in the restricted domain of Circ
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
17 / 28

tan1 tan
12
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
18 / 28

tan1 tan
=
12
12
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
18 / 28

tan1 tan
=
12 12

7
cos1 cos
8
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
18 / 28

tan1 tan
=
12 12

7
7
cos1 cos
=
8
8
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
18 / 28

tan1 tan
=
12 12

7
7
cos1 cos
=
8
8

5
sin1 sin
6
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
18 / 28

tan1 tan
=
12 12

7
7
cos1 cos
=
8
8

5
5
sin1 sin
6=
6
6
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
18 / 28

tan1 tan
=
12 12

7
7
cos1 cos
=
8
8

5
5
5 h i
sin1 sin
/ ,
6=
since
6
6
6
2 2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
18 / 28

tan1 tan
=
12 12

7
7
cos1 cos
=
8
8

5
5
5 h i
sin1 sin
/ ,
6=
since
6
6
6
2 2

5
Rather, sin1 sin
6
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
18 / 28

tan1 tan
=
12 12

7
7
cos1 cos
=
8
8

5
5
5 h i
sin1 sin
/ ,
6=
since
6
6
6
2 2

1
5
= sin1
Rather, sin1 sin
2
6
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
18 / 28

tan1 tan
=
12 12

7
7
cos1 cos
=
8
8

5
5
5 h i
sin1 sin
/ ,
6=
since
6
6
6
2 2

1
5
= sin1
=
Rather, sin1 sin
2
6
6
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
18 / 28

tan1 tan
=
12 12

7
7
cos1 cos
=
8
8

5
5
5 h i
sin1 sin
/ ,
6=
since
6
6
6
2 2

1
5
= sin1
=
Rather, sin1 sin
2
6
6
h i
Note that , .
6
2 2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
18 / 28
In general, to obtain Circ1 (Circ ),
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
19 / 28
In general, to obtain Circ1 (Circ ), find in the restricted domain of

Circ such that
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
19 / 28

Circ such that Circ = Circ ,
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
19 / 28

Circ such that Circ = Circ , so that:
Circ1 (Circ )
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
19 / 28

Circ1 (Circ ) = Circ1 (Circ ) =
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
19 / 28

sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
19 / 28

sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
2
1
csc1 csc 3
5
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
19 / 28

sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
2
1
csc1 csc 3
5
(IMath, UP)
= csc1 csc 2
5
Lec. 26
19 / 28

sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
2
1
csc1 csc 3
5
(IMath, UP)
= csc1 csc 2
5
2
5
Lec. 26
19 / 28

sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
2
1
csc1 csc 3
5
sec1 sec 8
7
(IMath, UP)
= csc1 csc 2
5
2
5
Lec. 26
19 / 28

sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
2
1
csc1 csc 3
5
= csc1 csc 2
5
sec1 sec 8
7
= sec1 sec 6
7
(IMath, UP)
2
5
Lec. 26
19 / 28

sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
2
1
csc1 csc 3
5
= csc1 csc 2
5
sec1 sec 8
7
= sec1 sec 6
7
(IMath, UP)
2
5
6
7
Lec. 26
19 / 28

sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
2
1
csc1 csc 3
5
= csc1 csc 2
5
sec1 sec 8
7
= sec1 sec 6
7
tan1 tan
(IMath, UP)
2
5
6
7

8
11
Lec. 26
19 / 28

sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
2
1
csc1 csc 3
5
= csc1 csc 2
5
sec1 sec 8
7
= sec1 sec 6
7
tan1 tan
(IMath, UP)

8
11
2
5
6
7
= 3
11
Lec. 26
19 / 28

sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
2
1
csc1 csc 3
5
= csc1 csc 2
5
sec1 sec 8
7
= sec1 sec 6
7
tan1 tan
cos1 cos
(IMath, UP)

8
11

19
10
2
5
6
7
= 3
11
Lec. 26
19 / 28

sin1 , tan1 , csc1
cos1 , cot1 , sec1

0
2
1
csc1 csc 3
5
= csc1 csc 2
5
sec1 sec 8
7
= sec1 sec 6
7
tan1 tan
cos1 cos
(IMath, UP)

8
11

19
10
2
5
6
7
= 3
11
=
10
Lec. 26
19 / 28
Recall: (f f 1 )(x) = x for every x dom f 1
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
20 / 28

Thus,
sin(sin1 x) = x for every x [1, 1]
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
20 / 28

Thus,
cos(cos1 x) = x for every x [1, 1]
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
20 / 28

Thus,
R
= x for every x R
tan(tan1 x) = x for every x

cot(cot1 x)
sec(sec1 x) = x for every x (, 1] [1, +)

csc(csc1 x) = x for every x (, 1] [1, +)
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
20 / 28

Thus,
R
= x for every x R
tan(tan1 x) = x for every x

cot(cot1 x)
sec(sec1 x) = x for every x (, 1] [1, +)

csc(csc1 x) = x for every x (, 1] [1, +)
Circ(Circ1 x) = x for every x in the range of Circ
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
20 / 28
cos cos1
(IMath, UP)
2
3
Lec. 26
21 / 28
cos cos1
(IMath, UP)
2
3
2
3
Lec. 26
21 / 28
cos cos1
tan(tan1 (4))
(IMath, UP)
2
3
2
3
Lec. 26
21 / 28
cos cos1
tan(tan1 (4)) = 4
(IMath, UP)
2
3
2
3
Lec. 26
21 / 28
1
2
3
cos cos1
2
3
2
3
tan(tan1 (4)) = 4

cos sin1 23
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
21 / 28
1
2
3
cos cos1
2
3
2
3
tan(tan1 (4)) = 4

cos sin1 23 = cos
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
21 / 28
1
2
3
cos cos1
2
3
2
3
tan(tan1 (4)) = 4

cos sin1 23 = cos
(IMath, UP)
1
2
Lec. 26
21 / 28

Evaluate: sin cos1 35
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
22 / 28


Let = cos1 35 .
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
22 / 28


Let = cos1 35 . Then, cos = 53 ,
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
22 / 28


Let = cos1 35 . Then, cos = 53 , 2 , .
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
22 / 28


Let = cos1 35 . Then, cos = 53 , 2 , .
Since lies in QII,
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
22 / 28


Let = cos1 35 . Then, cos = 53 , 2 , .
Since lies in QII, sin =
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
22 / 28


Let = cos1 35 . Then, cos = 53 , 2 , .
(IMath, UP)
1 cos2
Lec. 26
22 / 28


Let = cos1 35 . Then, cos = 53 , 2 , .
(IMath, UP)
1 cos2 =
q
1
9
25
Lec. 26
22 / 28


Let = cos1 35 . Then, cos = 53 , 2 , .
(IMath, UP)
1 cos2 =
q
1
9
25
16
25
Lec. 26
22 / 28


Let = cos1 35 . Then, cos = 53 , 2 , .
(IMath, UP)
1 cos2 =
q
1
9
25
16
25
4
5
Lec. 26
22 / 28


Let = cos1 35 . Then, cos = 53 , 2 , .
1 cos2 =
q
1
9
25
16
25
4
5
Alternative Solution:
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
22 / 28


Let = cos1 35 . Then, cos = 53 , 2 , .
1 cos2 =
q
1
9
25
16
25
4
5
Alternative Solution: Take x = 3, r = 5.
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
22 / 28


Let = cos1 35 . Then, cos = 53 , 2 , .
1 cos2 =
q
1
9
25
16
25
4
5

p
y = 52 (3)2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
22 / 28


Let = cos1 35 . Then, cos = 53 , 2 , .
1 cos2 =
q
1
9
25
16
25
4
5

p
y = 52 (3)2 = 16
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
22 / 28


Let = cos1 35 . Then, cos = 53 , 2 , .
1 cos2 =
q
1
9
25
16
25
4
5

p
y = 52 (3)2 = 16 = 4
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
22 / 28


Let = cos1 35 . Then, cos = 53 , 2 , .
1 cos2 =
q
1
9
25
16
25
4
5

p
y = 52 (3)2 = 16 = 4
sin
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
22 / 28


Let = cos1 35 . Then, cos = 53 , 2 , .
1 cos2 =
q
1
9
25
16
25
4
5

p
y = 52 (3)2 = 16 = 4
sin =
4
5
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
22 / 28

Evaluate: tan csc1 ( 5) tan1 23
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
23 / 28

Let = csc1 ( 5), = tan1 32 .
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
23 / 28

Let = csc1 ( 5), = tan1 32 .
csc = 5,
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
23 / 28

Let = csc1 ( 5), = tan1 32 .

csc = 5, 2 , 0 , tan = 23 , 0, 2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
23 / 28

Let = csc1 ( 5), = tan1 32 .

csc = 5, 2 , 0 , tan = 23 , 0, 2
tan( ) =
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
23 / 28

Let = csc1 ( 5), = tan1 32 .

csc = 5, 2 , 0 , tan = 23 , 0, 2
tan( ) =
tan tan
1 + tan tan
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
23 / 28

Let = csc1 ( 5), = tan1 32 .

csc = 5, 2 , 0 , tan = 23 , 0, 2
tan( ) =
tan tan
1 + tan tan
For : take r
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
23 / 28

Let = csc1 ( 5), = tan1 32 .

csc = 5, 2 , 0 , tan = 23 , 0, 2
tan tan
1 + tan tan
For : take r = 5,
tan( ) =
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
23 / 28

Let = csc1 ( 5), = tan1 32 .

csc = 5, 2 , 0 , tan = 23 , 0, 2
tan tan
1 + tan tan
For : take r = 5, y = 1.
tan( ) =
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
23 / 28

Let = csc1 ( 5), = tan1 32 .

csc = 5, 2 , 0 , tan = 23 , 0, 2
tan tan
1 + tan tan
For : take r = 5, y = 1.
tan( ) =
x=
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
23 / 28

Let = csc1 ( 5), = tan1 32 .

csc = 5, 2 , 0 , tan = 23 , 0, 2
tan tan
1 + tan tan
For : take r = 5, y = 1.
tan( ) =
x=
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
23 / 28

Let = csc1 ( 5), = tan1 32 .

csc = 5, 2 , 0 , tan = 23 , 0, 2
tan tan
1 + tan tan
For : take r = 5, y = 1.
tan( ) =
x=
51
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
23 / 28

Let = csc1 ( 5), = tan1 32 .

csc = 5, 2 , 0 , tan = 23 , 0, 2
tan tan
1 + tan tan
For : take r = 5, y = 1.
tan( ) =
x=
51=2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
23 / 28

Let = csc1 ( 5), = tan1 32 .

csc = 5, 2 , 0 , tan = 23 , 0, 2
tan tan
1 + tan tan
For : take r = 5, y = 1.
tan( ) =
x=
5 1 = 2 tan =
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
23 / 28

Let = csc1 ( 5), = tan1 32 .

csc = 5, 2 , 0 , tan = 23 , 0, 2
tan tan
1 + tan tan
For : take r = 5, y = 1.
tan( ) =
x=
5 1 = 2 tan =
(IMath, UP)
1
2
Lec. 26
23 / 28

Let = csc1 ( 5), = tan1 32 .

csc = 5, 2 , 0 , tan = 23 , 0, 2
tan tan
1 + tan tan
For : take r = 5, y = 1.
tan( ) =
x=
5 1 = 2 tan =
tan( ) =
1
2
12 23

1 + 12 32
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
23 / 28

Let = csc1 ( 5), = tan1 32 .

csc = 5, 2 , 0 , tan = 23 , 0, 2
tan tan
1 + tan tan
For : take r = 5, y = 1.
tan( ) =
x=
5 1 = 2 tan =
tan( ) =
1
2
12 23
= 7
1 + 12 32
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
23 / 28
Solve for x: cos1
(IMath, UP)
x
4
+ tan1
!
3
= cot1 0
3
Lec. 26
24 / 28
Solve for x: cos1

cos1
x
4
+ tan1
!
3
= cot1 0
3
x
4
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
24 / 28
Solve for x: cos1

cos1
x
4
x
4
+ tan1
!
3
= cot1 0
3

+
=
6
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
24 / 28
Solve for x: cos1

cos1
x
4
x
4
+ tan1
!
3
= cot1 0
3

+
=
6
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
24 / 28
Solve for x: cos1

cos1
x
4
x
4
+ tan1
!
3
= cot1 0
3

+
=
6
2
x
1
cos
= +
4
6
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
24 / 28
Solve for x: cos1

cos1
x
4
x
4
+ tan1

+
=
6
2
x
1
cos
=
4
x
cos1
=
4
(IMath, UP)
!
3
= cot1 0
3

+
6
2
2
3
Lec. 26
24 / 28
Solve for x: cos1

cos1
x
4
x
4
+ tan1
!
3
= cot1 0
3

+
=
6
2
x
1
cos
= +
4
6
2
x 2
cos1
=
4
3
x
2
= cos
4
3
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
24 / 28
Solve for x: cos1

cos1
x
4
x
4
+ tan1
!
3
= cot1 0
3

+
=
6
2
x
1
cos
= +
4
6
2
x 2
cos1
=
4
3
x
2
= cos
4
3

1
x=4
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
24 / 28
Solve for x: cos1

cos1
x
4
x
4
+ tan1
!
3
= cot1 0
3

+
=
6
2
x
1
cos
= +
4
6
2
x 2
cos1
=
4
3
x
2
= cos
4
3

1
x=4
2
x = 2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
24 / 28

Solve for x: sec1 ( 2) tan1 (x 2) = csc1 (2)
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
25 / 28

3
4
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
25 / 28

3
tan1 (x 2) =
4
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
25 / 28

3
tan1 (x 2) =
6
4
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
25 / 28

3
tan1 (x 2) =
6
4
3
+ = tan1 (x 2)
4
6
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
25 / 28

3
tan1 (x 2) =
6
4
3
+ = tan1 (x 2)
4
6
11
= tan1 (x 2)
12
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
25 / 28

3
tan1 (x 2) =
6
4
3
+ = tan1 (x 2)
4
6
11
= tan1 (x 2)
12

.
But ran tan1 = ,
2 2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
25 / 28

3
tan1 (x 2) =
6
4
3
+ = tan1 (x 2)
4
6
11
= tan1 (x 2)
12

.
But ran tan1 = ,
2 2
No solution
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
25 / 28
Solve for x: sin1 (x) cos1 (x) =
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
26 / 28
Let = sin1 x, = cos1 x.
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
26 / 28

Then sin = x,
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
26 / 28

h i
Then sin = x, , ,
2 2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
26 / 28

h i
Then sin = x, , , cos = x,
2 2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
26 / 28

h i
Then sin = x, , , cos = x, [0, ].
2 2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
26 / 28

h i
Then sin = x, , , cos = x, [0, ].
2 2
= +
6
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
26 / 28

h i
Then sin = x, , , cos = x, [0, ].
2 2
= +
6

sin = sin
+
6
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
26 / 28

h i
Then sin = x, , , cos = x, [0, ].
2 2
= +
6

sin = sin
+
6
sin = sin cos + cos sin

6
6
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
26 / 28

h i
Then sin = x, , , cos = x, [0, ].
2 2
= +
6

sin = sin
+
6

6
6
x=
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
26 / 28

h i
Then sin = x, , , cos = x, [0, ].
2 2
= +
6

sin = sin
+
6

6
6
1
x=
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
26 / 28

h i
Then sin = x, , , cos = x, [0, ].
2 2
= +
6

sin = sin
+
6

6
6
1
x = (x)
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
26 / 28

h i
Then sin = x, , , cos = x, [0, ].
2 2
= +
6

sin = sin
+
6

6
6
1
3
x = (x) +
2
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
26 / 28

h i
Then sin = x, , , cos = x, [0, ].
2 2
= +
6

sin = sin
+
6

6
6
1
3
x = (x) +
sin
2
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
26 / 28

h i
Then sin = x, , , cos = x, [0, ].
2 2
= +
6

sin = sin
+
6

6
6
1
3
x = (x) +
sin
2
2
Since [0, ],
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
26 / 28

h i
Then sin = x, , , cos = x, [0, ].
2 2
= +
6

sin = sin
+
6

6
6
1
3
x = (x) +
sin
2
2
Since [0, ], sin =
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
26 / 28

h i
Then sin = x, , , cos = x, [0, ].
2 2
= +
6

sin = sin
+
6

6
6
1
3
x = (x) +
sin
2
2
Since [0, ], sin =
(IMath, UP)
p
1 cos2
Lec. 26
26 / 28

h i
Then sin = x, , , cos = x, [0, ].
2 2
= +
6

sin = sin
+
6

6
6
1
3
x = (x) +
sin
2
2
Since [0, ], sin =
(IMath, UP)
1 cos2 = 1 x2
Lec. 26
26 / 28

1
3p
x = (x) +
1 x2
2
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
27 / 28

1
3p
x = (x) +
1 x2
2
2
p
2x = x + 3 1 x2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
27 / 28

1
3p
x = (x) +
1 x2
2
2
p
2x = x + 3 1 x2
p
x = 3 1 x2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
27 / 28

1
3p
x = (x) +
1 x2
2
2
p
2x = x + 3 1 x2
p
x = 3 1 x2
x2 = 3(1 x2 )
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
27 / 28

1
3p
x = (x) +
1 x2
2
2
p
2x = x + 3 1 x2
p
x = 3 1 x2
x2 = 3(1 x2 )
x2 = 3 3x2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
27 / 28

1
3p
x = (x) +
1 x2
2
2
p
2x = x + 3 1 x2
p
x = 3 1 x2
x2 = 3(1 x2 )
x2 = 3 3x2
4x2 = 3
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
27 / 28

1
3p
x = (x) +
1 x2
2
2
p
2x = x + 3 1 x2
p
x = 3 1 x2
x2 = 3(1 x2 )
x2 = 3 3x2
4x2 = 3
3
x2 =
4
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
27 / 28

1
3p
x = (x) +
1 x2
2
2
p
2x = x + 3 1 x2
p
x = 3 1 x2
x2 = 3(1 x2 )
x2 = 3 3x2
4x2 = 3
3
x2 =
4
x=
3
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
27 / 28
Check:
3
3
3
x=
: sin1
cos1
2
2
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
28 / 28
Check:
3
3
3
=
x=
: sin1
cos1
3
2
2
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
28 / 28
Check:

3
3
3
=
x=
: sin1
cos1
3
6
2
2
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
28 / 28
Check:
3
3
3
= =
x=
: sin1
cos1
3
6
6
2
2
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
28 / 28
Check:
3
3
3
= = X
x=
: sin1
cos1
3
6
6
2
2
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
28 / 28
Check:
3
3
3
= = X
x=
: sin1
cos1
3
6
6
2
2
2
!
!
3
3
3
: sin1
cos1
x=
2
2
2
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
28 / 28
Check:
3
3
3
= = X
x=
: sin1
cos1
3
6
6
2
2
2
!
!
3
3
3
: sin1
cos1
x=
=
2
2
2
3
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
28 / 28
Check:
3
3
3
= = X
x=
: sin1
cos1
3
6
6
2
2
2
!
!
3
3
3
5
: sin1
cos1
x=
=
2
2
2
3
6
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
28 / 28
Check:
3
3
3
= = X
x=
: sin1
cos1
3
6
6
2
2
2
!
!
3
3
3
5
7
: sin1
cos1
x=
=
=
2
2
2
3
6
6
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
28 / 28
Check:
3
3
3
= = X
x=
: sin1
cos1
3
6
6
2
2
2
!
!
3
3
3
5
7
: sin1
cos1
x=
=
=
2
2
2
3
6
6
extraneous
(IMath, UP)
Lec. 26
28 / 28

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Inverse Circular Functions and Equations Involving Them

Institute of Mathematics, University of the Philippines

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Equations involving Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Recall: Circular functions are not one-to-one

Inverse Circular Functions

Recall: Circular functions are not one-to-one

Inverse Circular Functions

Recall: Circular functions are not one-to-one

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse sine function

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse sine function

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse sine function

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse sine function

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse sine function

Inverse Circular Functions

dom sin1 : [1, 1]

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

dom cos1 : [1, 1]

ran cos1 = [0, ]

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse Circular Functions

The other inverse circular functions are defined similarly:

Inverse Circular Functions

The other inverse circular functions are defined similarly: