Coagulation systems

It is the system through which coagulation factor

interact to form a fibrin clot
The fibrin forming system
Occurs in secondary hemostasis
Its to reinforce the platelet plug (primary
hemostasis)
Mediated by coagulation proteins (factors) which
normally present in the blood in an inactive
state.

The cascade theory

Series of biochemical reactions that transforms
circulating substances into an in soluble gel
through conversion of soluble fibrinogen to fibrin
circulating substances soluble gel
soluble fibrinogen fibrin

Involved intrinsic and extrinsic pathways

Both of which share specific coagulation factors
with the common pathway.

Extrinsic pathway
This pathway is initiated when tissue factor (not
found in the blood) enters the vascular system.

Classification

[The tissue factor includes a phospholipid component that

provides a surface for interaction of various factors]

By hemostatic function
Substrate
fibrinogen (factor I)

Intrinsic pathway

Cofactors
labile factor (factor V)
factor VIII-C (antihemophilic factor, coagulant
portion)
Enzymes
serine proteases
IIa, VIIa, IXa, Xa, Xia, XIIa, prekallikrein
transaminase
factor XIIIa

By physical properties

Consumed
during
coagulation
Present in serum
Present in stored
plasma
Adsorbed by BaSO4
Present in adsorbed
plasma
Vitamin K-Dependent

Contact
group
XI, XII,
Prekallikr
ein
&
HMWK
No

Prothrombin
group
II, VII, IX & X

Fibrinogen
group
I, V, VIII &
XIII
Yes

Yes

No
but Factor II
Yes
but Factor II
Yes

No
Yes

Yes
No

No but Factor
V and VIII
No
Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

All the factors necessary for clot formation are

intrinsic to the vascular compartment because it
is important in coagulation pathway
XII, XI, VIIII, VIII

Common pathway
X, V, II, I

Prothrombinase
The complex of activated coagulation factor X
and calcium, phospholipid, and modified factor V;
it can cleave and activate prothrombin to
thrombin.
Tenase
These activate factor X, IXa, VIIIa, Ca2+, PL-3.
Extrinsic tenase complex is made up of tissue
factor, factor VII, and Ca2+ as an activating ion.
Intrinsic tenase complex contains IXa, VIIIa,
factor X, and they are activated by negatively
charged surfaces. These vitamin K-dependent
procoagulant factors dock to this surface through
their Gla domain with Ca2+ bridges.