Introduction to Audiology

Study Guide
Ch. 1 Audiology
Audiologists:
o What do they do?
o What are they responsible for?
o How are they different from an ENT?
o Whats the difference between a Ph.D. and an Au.D?
o What areas can an audiologist work? Employment settings include.
Ch. 2 Human Ear & Tests of Hearing
o Pathways of human hearing (air conduction, bone conduction know the difference!)
o Anatomy & physiology of hearing (How does normal hearing work? acoustic signal to
mechanical signal to hydraulic signal to chemical signal to electrical signal)
o What sounds are at the base of the cochlear? At the apex?
o Types of hearing loss (sensorineural, conductive, mixed, auditory neuropathy)
o Tuning Fork tests know the difference
o
Schwabach, Bing, Rinne, Weber
Ch. 3 Sound and Its Measurement
o Vocabulary: compressions, rarefactions, cycle, frequency, sine wave, cosine wave, pure
tone, hertz, velocity, periodic sound, aperiodic sounds, harmonics, decibel, Bel, threshold,
American National Standards Institute (ANSI), pitch, localization, period, amplitude, phase,
wavelength
o Reactions to sound relate to..
o When does sound occur?
o What is needed to produce a sound?
o Most common medium for sound is..
o Explain the production of a sound wave (oscillation, elasticity, inertia, damping, resting
point creates a wave)
o Characteristics of simple harmonic motion (SHM)
o Range of human hearing
o Whats the difference between formant 1 and formant 2?
Ch. 4 Pure Tone Audiometry
o Audiometric measurement can.
o What is needed for an audiological evaluation
o What might be included in a case history?
o What are we looking for with otoscopy? What is in the scope of practice for SLP vs. Au.D.?
o Audiometer helps to generate an
o An Audiogram may include.
o Difference between hearing screening and hearing test
o Pure tone average what frequencies are involved?
o Primary responsibilities of screening program
o ASHA guidelines for screenings what frequencies, what dB level, how many?
o Who can screen?
o Where should screenings be completed?
o Be able to interpret an audiogram for type and degree of hearing loss - you should be able
to list
o Bilateral, unilateral, asymmetrical, symmetrical
o Conductive, sensorineural, mixed
o Right ear, left ear
o Mild, moderate, severe, profound
o Shape of audiogram (cookie bite, sloping, etc.)

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

Topics:
MCL
SRT
UCL
SAT
Dynamic Range
PTA
Word Recognition
SRT-PTA Agreement Why is this important?
Testing
Prelingual
(+) Rollover
Perilingual
indicates?
Postlingual
MRL
Exogeneous & Endogeneous HL (know examples of each)
Spondee/spondaic
Subjective vs. Objective hearing tests
words
Ling_________.
6 sounds
Most children with HL are born to parents who are/have
APD
Functions of immittance audiometry
Tympanometry
Identify types and explain classification of Tympanograms
ART
Be able to read and interpret and audiogram
Acoustic Reflex decay
Masking define, understand plateau method
Crossover
Interaural Attenuation
Possible Short Answer Questions:
Explain how audiologists and speech pathologists use speech audiometry
differently.
Explain the difference between SRT & SAT testing. What is used? Why are these
helpful?
Explain 1-3-6 rule. Why is this important?
Why does an adult postlingually deafened perform better with hearing technology
than an adult who is prelingually deafened?
Name 5 high risk factors for hearing loss in children.
Whats the difference between BOA, VRA, and CPA? What are problems with BOA
and VRA testing?
How can you troubleshoot a HA as an SLP?
APD testing involves
Risk factors for APD When is a referral appropriate?
Whats the difference between spontaneous and evoked OAEs? Why is it important
that we measure these?
Why are OAEs and ABRs used? What is problematic with this testing?
Explain the difference between placements of transducers (headphones, etc.) for
masking with air conduction versus bone conduction.

Label outer, middle, and inner ear anatomy

Review anatomy and physiology of outer, middle, and inner ear
Otoscopy
What are you looking at? What are you looking for?
Microtia
Anotia
Atresia
Cauliflower ear
Know craniofacial malformations associated with HL
Swimmers ear
Cerumen

Sebaceous glands
Causes of perforated TM
ME is connected to.
Difference of ET in adults and children- what does this cause?
Maneuvers to open the ET
What is the most common problem that causes a conductive hearing loss?
Difference between acute and chronic otitis media
Management of otitis media
Cholestoma
Mastoidectomy
Tympanoplasty
Otosclerosis what configuration of hearing loss? Notch at ______ Hz
How is Otosclerosis managed?
Perilumph
Endolymph
Vestibular mechanism what systems?
Linear acceleration
Angular acceleration
Nystagmus
Cochlea (review thoroughly)
Functions of the cochlea
Scala Vestibuli
Scala Tympani
Helicotrema
Scala Media
Reissners Membrane
Basilar Membrane
Organ of Corti
Tonotopic organization of the cochlea
When is the inner ear fully formed in utero? When can the baby hear?
Be able to describe how an acoustic signal gets from the outer ear all the way to the
brain using appropriate terminology (in complete sentences and using correct grammar).
Acoustic neuroma
Neurofibromatosis
Acoustic neuritus
Multiple sclerosis
Central Auditory Processing Disorders
Malingering
Factitious disorder how can we tell?
Listening devices include
Types of hearing aids
Basic components of a hearing aid (be able to label)
What should be in an SLPs listening kit?
Candidates for Bone Anchored Implant
Electrode array
Speech processor
How does a cochlear implant work?
Candidacy criteria for CI (pediatric & adult)
Difference between sound field & personal FM system?
Medical contraindications for a CI (Dr. Hunters presentation)
5 stages of grief

Communication approaches
How is AVT different from ABI or traditional speech therapy?
Auditory Skills Hierarchy
How do we target these skills differently with adults?
Closed, Bridged, Open sets
Segmentals, suprasegmentals
Ling 6 Sounds why are these important?
What do we expect in aural rehabilitation?
Typical goals of an adult CI candidate
Principle areas of adult rehabilitation
Rules to follow during therapy (post CI)
Accommodations to improve classroom acoustics
Teaching strategies in the classroom for children with hearing loss