1.

Definitions of globalisation
Globalization constitutes integration of National economies into the
International economy through trade, direct foreign investment (by
corporations and multinationals), short-term capital flows, international
flows of workers and humanity generally, and flows of technology
Jagdish Bhagwati, In Defence of Globalization (Oxford, 2006), p. 3.
[Globalization] is a reality that now affects every part of the globe and
every person on it, even though in widely differing local contexts..
Bruce Mazlish, Comparing Global History to World History, Journal of
Interdisciplinary History 28/3 (1998), p. 387.
A progressive increase in the scale of social processes from a local or
regional to a world level
C.A. Bayly, Archaic and A-Modern Globalization in the Eurasian and
African Arena, c. 1750-1850',
in A.G. Hopkins, ed., Globalization in World History (2002), pp. 48-9

2. When did Globalisation Begin?

Social scientists (esp. sociologists of globalization) see it as a very recent
phenomenon, something that might go back to the period following the major
economic crisis of 1973-74, perhaps to 1945.
Andre Gunder Frank in his well known Re-Orient (1998) argued that globalization
was there well before 1500. This is because:
- Single world economy before 1500
- trade (Silk roads and later European trade in Asia)
-

Centrality of China

2. In the Sixteenth Century

Dennis Flynn and Arturo Giraldez claims that globalization begun in 1571 when
the Spaniards settled down in Manila in the Philippines and opened up trade :
-

Manila to Acapulco

Importance of the Pacific

Importance of Silver

Flynn, Dennis O., and Arturo Girldez, Cycles of Silver: Global Economic Unity
through the Mid-Eighteenth Century, Journal of World History, 13, no. 2
(2002), pp. 391-427

3. In the Early 19th Century: Bayly

Christopher Baily claims i that globalization started with the collapse of

18th century regimes

This he defines as modern globalisation

and sees it as a process based on:

-colonialism and imperialism

- and the concept of free trade.

C.A. Bayly, Archaic and A-Modern Globalization in the Eurasian and African
Arena, c. 1750-1850', in A.G. Hopkins, ed., Globalization in World History
(2002) [HY 100.G5]

Type of globalisation

time

features

A. PROTO

1500-1750

- European exploration
- Role of silver
- importance of slavery

B. MODERN

1750-1900

- Revolutions (political and economic)

- colonialisms and imperialism
- free trade

C. PRESENT

1950-

- Business and corporations

- Personal communication

C.A. Bayly, Archaic and Modern Globalization in the Eurasian and African Arena,
c. 1750-1850', in A.G. Hopkins, ed., Globalization in World History (2002) [HY
100.G5]