2558

3
3
4

11
11
11
18

19
19
19
19
20
23
24
26
27

29
29
29
33
33

37
37
37

39

38
39
41
42
42
43
43
47
48

...
...

49
49
49
53
53
54
55

7 -

57
57
57
59

61
61
61

65
66
67
68
69
69
70

71
71
71
74
75

10

77
77
77
78
82
84
84

11

85
85
85
85
91
91

12

95
95
96
96
102
108
109
117
118

13

121
121
122
122
123
125
126
127
128
128

14 (EIA)

131
131
131
132
132

138
140
150
153

15


ISO 14000
ISO 14001
ISO 14001
ISO 14001

157
157
158
160
162
164
166
166

16

169
169
171
172
172
172
173
173
175

17

199
199
199

209

211

217

218

218

222

228

232

233
236


237

237

239

241

245

249

257

18

259
259
259
261
262
264
265
266
266

267
269
271
272
273
274
275
275
277
280
281
281
281
282

282

19

285
285
285
288
289
293
294
296
297
298
302

305
307
310
313
314
315

20

317
317
327
333
335
337
339
343
344
344
350

1.

1.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

1.
()
2.
()
3.
()
4.

()

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

ubi societas ibi jus

civil law

3
1.



2.

3.

(
20 )
(
)


2 3

310

 (
)

.1662/2505

2486 ( .. 2497)
164
15 .. 2515

2
1.



2.

1,000

(.)



15

6
1

6
1

(.)


500

.. 2542

1.
.. 2542



7

11

2.
3

12
2.1

6
18


12

2.2

2.3

( 19)

( 20)
50

( 13)

( 16)
100
( 43)
2 3
( 29)

3.
.. 2505
.. 2542

15

13



10


5


5
3 2 ( 28)
27
10


( 33)
-
-
-
-
-
15
5

( 26)

4.



( 37)
14

5.


2 ( 43)

100

30

30

( 44)

6.

( 45)

( 49 )



4 ( 46)

15

2







( 53)
( 59 )

( 51)


5

7.
66

16






( 69)

8.




3 6
( 71)


1 2
( 72)

1
( 73)


10
( 74)

17


1. .. 2542
2.

3.

4.

5.

18

.. 2541

19

( 5)

8
20

 48

7
42

8
48 ( 23)



(
24)

( 25)
24
25
( 26)

5
1
1


2
2

21

 2 20


( 27)
1
6



4 ( 28)

13

( 29)

6

6

1
( 30)

23
( 31)
22

 3





41
( 32)

( 36)

( 37)

10

( 38)

22.00 06.00



15

( 39)

23

 90
( 41)

( 42)
( 43)

15 ( 44)
18
15

1


7
( 45)
1
4 4
( 46)
18
22.00 06.00
18

(
47)
18
( 48)

24

 18

10
( 49)

( 50)

25






( 144)

31 44
( 148)




( 158)
157

30

( 159)

26


1. .. 2541
2.
.. 2541
3.

27

29, 43, 45 .. 2550

.. 2535 68
3 3


5

5 5
7

29



5 7


4

7
1 2
3
1

2

3

3 1 2

8






30

9 ...

10 11 8
1 2

12 3
3

8 (
)

31

 13 12

18

50 100
100
50

- 100
50 %
- 100
50

500
19

200
50 %
200
100
7

27

32


48 2
6 50,000
49 3
2 200,000

52
49
55
2 200,000
5,000

1. (.. 2535) 5 7

... .. 2535
( )
1 2
3

7 5

33

2. 2 (.. 2535) 8

1 2
3

50

3. 3 (.. 2535) 8

4. 7 8 (.. 2535)

5. 2 (.. 2536)

6.

7. 1 (.. 2539)


8. 2 (.. 2539)

(
)

34

9. 1 (.. 2540)


10. 6 (.. 2540)
(Industrial
waste) ( Hazardous waste )
..
2535

35

.. 2522,
( 2) .. 2535 ( 3) .. 2543

( 10)

1
( 13)

37

.. 2522
( 2)
..
2522


.. 2522

.. 2522

1.
2.

3.

4
- 50
38

- 1
- 5,000
-
10
4.

500
30
60

150

300
( 2,000
1,000
15 )
5.

39



1.

2.

2
1







40

 2

300

300
300

300

(
. 6)

45
( 25)

45
2 45

30

41






( 29)

39








42


1.

2.
(1) (2)

4 (.. 2526)

6 (.. 2527)

43

-

37.5
6.5 (65 )
33 (.. 2535)
( 42 (..
2537) 50 (.. 2540)

30,000
12 10
10

SPRINKLE SYSTEM

4
44


2
5

630

39 (.. 2537)

55 (.. 2543)

2



23
16

45

1. 30
100
2.
10 100

6
3

.. 2544
.. 2522
100
100

1.50

10
40

10

46

3

( 21)

( 65)
3
( 22)
( 65)
3



( 31)
( 65)
3
( 65)

( 32)
6


(
42)
( 66 )

47

1. .. 2522
2. ( 2) .. 2535
3. ( 3) .. 2543
4. .. 2552
5. 4 (.. 2526)
.. 2522
6. 6 (.. 2527)
.. 2522
7. 33 (.. 2535)
.. 2522
8. 39 (.. 2535)
.. 2522
9. 55 (.. 2543)
.. 2522
10.
.. 2544

48

.. 2542
.. 2551
1.

49

...
( 3)

...
...
50

2.

( 4)

( 5)

51

( 6)




( 7)

( 8)




( 9)
52

 ...

.. 2542
... ( 15)




...

...

...

...

.. 2551
... ( 17)

53

...

...

...
...

...

( 10)


54





( 11)




( 12)







( 13)

1.
.. 2542
2.
.. 2551

55

 7
-

,
.. 2499


1.
420


538

1343

2.
157

57



227



234



238 226 237




264

269

58


1.
2.
3.
4.

.. 2499

59

.. 2518,
( 2) .. 2525, (
3) .. 2535 ..
2518

1.
2

61

2.










( 18 )

( 18 )

( 22)

( 27 )

( 29 )
(
39)
3.

62

4.

(

.. 2552)



15 21

.. 2540

(
)

90

63


.. 2540

90




90 5

5.
5.1
5

-
-
-
-

5.2


64

2 1

( 70)

65



45

2

(

.. 2552)



30
70

(
)

28

5

66

1.





4
4

3
3

67

2.

1. 30
70
1

2.

1 1
1

3.



( 4 (.. 2522)
.. 2518)
4.

68


.. 2518




5

..
2518

1.
6



( 83)
2.

69


1
( 84)

1. .. 2518
2. ( 2) .. 2525
3. ( 3) .. 2535
4. 4 (.. 2522)
.. 2518
5.
..
2552
6.

.. 2552
7.
.. 2540
8.
.. 2540

70

.. 2535,
( 2) .. 2550, .. 2538,
.. 2540
.. 2535

1,000 1,175
20

1,000 1,175
20

71

2,000
72

25

- 45

- 55

73

-
16

-
23

(full load) (actual load)

1.
2.

2
( 55, .. 2535
( 2)
.. 2550)



3 2
74

( 56, .. 2535
( 2)
.. 2550)

1. .. 2535
2. ( 2)
.. 2550
3. .. 2538
4. .. 2540
5. (.. 2538)
.. 2535
6.
.. 2552
7. .. 2552
8.
.. 2552
9.
.. 2552

75

 10

. . 2 5 4 2 ,
( 2) .. 2550,

.. 2546,
( 2)
.. 2547,
.. 2556
( 23 .. 2556), 28
29 .. 2514, 4 (.. 2529)
28 29 .. 2514

77

78


500,000

500

5,000

3
1. 37.8
2. 37.8
60
3. 60

3
1.

79

 40
227
454
2.

40
454
227
1,000
454
15,000
3.

454
1,000
15,000

500,000

3
1.
3

250 500
80


500 1,000

1,000
2.

2

150 500

500
3.

2

500 1,000

1,000

5,000

3
1.

2.

81

3.

500
17
.. 2542
3
1. 1
2. 2

3. 3

1 1

2 2

82

3 3

83




1. 1
3
3
2. 2

6 5
3. 3
2 2

1. .. 2542
2. ( 2) .. 2550
3.
.. 2546
4.
( 2)
.. 2547
5.
.. 2556
( 23 .. 2556) ( 3
4)
6. 28 29 .. 2514
7. 4 (.. 2529)
28 29 .. 2514

84

 11

.. 2550

1
2
3
4
1 ( 5 - 17)
2 ( 18 - 30)

3


3

85

()


()

1 ( 5 - 17)

1 5 17

86

10,000

20,000

40,000

60,000

10

11

12 9
10
(1)

(2)
/

100,000

100,000

100,000

10

200,000

3 15

60,000-300,000

10 20

13 /

14

15 ISP

20,000

100,000

100,000

16

60,000

87

 2 ( 18 - 30)





2 18 30

60,000

20,000

40,000

18

19
20
21

22
18
23

24
18
25

27 21
18, 20
28
29

30

88

200,000


.. 2550

14 (1)

E-mail
Forward E-mail Forward

16

Forward
14 (4)

E-Services

Username Password

Username Password



7

89

Internet Caf
Internet
Caf Username Password Internet Caf

8

E-mail
E-mail
Address

E-mail
E-mail Address
E-mail E-mail

11

(Deface)

1
Social
Network

- 5

- 6

- 9

- 12 (1)

90

- 12 (2)

- 14 (1) (2)

1. ..
2550
2.
.. 2551
3.
.. 2550
4.

.. 2550

91

 12

1.











()


1
29 2538 501
937
2.

95

96

 .. 2543

12(4)
..2542
49

97

1
4

98

99

10

100

11

12

13

14

101

15

2 :

(Hydrostatic Test)

24




1
( 4/2546 12 .. 2546)
102

 3 :

2
( 12/2547 20 ..2547)
6 :

103

( 11/2546 1 .. 2546)
7 :

4


3


1
( 13/2547 20 .. 2547)
8 :

6 6
6
(Post Tension)








104










1 6
( 2/2548 24 .. 2548)
12 :

40

105

( 7/2547 12
.. 2547)

1.
51 ... .. 2542
-

-



-

106

-
-
- 5
-

2.
51 3 ... .. 2542

1


3.

-
-

107





30



... .. 2542
90

108


1 .

227



227

5
238 226 237

109


5 20
10,000 40,000
269

2 269

2.

. .. 2535
61






110

. .. 2522
31


39
1.

2.

3.

25 39
1. 2.

31

111

3.






3.1

112

3.2

113






.. 2551
.. 2550

.. 2551 6(1) .
4
5

4

.. 2550

1 , 2 , 3 4
22 (.. 2543)
.. 2522







114

100

CNG / LPG



CNG / LPG
-

-

115

100%

116

(, , )

117


1. .. 2542
2.
..
2543
3.
.. 2546
4.
( 2) .. 2551
5.
.. 2549

118

 13

121

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

( 13.1)

122

 13.1

13.2)

( 13.3)

123

 13.2
2544-2553

13.3

124


1.
2.

3.

9,000

80% 7,0000

500
30%
3

17% 3%

13.2

13.4

125


21

(Global Warming)
(Climate Change)

Greenhouse Effect





4 31
69.6% 22.6%

1.

1 10
2.

30 2
3.

4.

126

5.

6.

7.


.. 2533-2643
1.4-5.8

1.

2.

127

(Assimilative capacity)
Assimilative capapcity

Self Purification
Assimilative
Capacity

128

1.

-





2. (Air Quality Index, AQI)


(SO2) (NO2) (CO)
(O3) 10 (PM10)
3.

129

130

 14
(EIA)

(EIA)

(Mitigation
measure) (Monitoring plan)

.. 2524
.. 2535
35
(


)

(.)

131

(Long - term
sustainable)

4
1.
2.
3.
4.

132

1.
1. -

2.

3.

4. -
-
-
-
5. -

-
6.


7.
-
-
-
-
8.
-

- (Active Fault)
-
-
9.

133

2.
10. -

11. -

(Biodiversity Index)

12. -
-

- /
13. -

-


-
-
3.
14. -

-

-

-

15.

134

-
-
-

3. ()
16.
-
-
-
17. -

-


-
18. -

-
-
19.
-

-
-

20.
-

-
21. -

-
-
22.
-

-

-

135

3. ()
23. -

-
/ //
-
4.
24.
-

-
25.
-

-
-
-

-
-
26. -

-

-
-
-
-
-

136

4. ()
27. -

()
-
-
28. -

137



1. :

2. :

1 : 50,000
3. :

4.
:

5.
:
:
/

:



138

6. :

7. :

8.

139

12.1

1.

140

1.1

1.2
1.3

2
1.4

1.5

1.1 1.2 1.3
1.4

2.1

2.2

100

141

100

(Chlooralkaline industry)
(NaCl)

(
)
(NaOH)
(HCl)
)
(NaOCl )
(Bleaching Powder)

10

50

11

12

142


13

13.1

13.2

14

15

16

16.1

16.2

16.3

20



100



50

40,000

(
)

600,000

143

17

18

19

20.1

20.2

20.3 2

20.4

20.5

20

144

600,000

10

21

50

20.6

2
20.7

22

23

500

100

1,000

145

24

25

25.1

26

146

50
1,000

200

25.2

25.3

26.1

26.2
27

1,100

27.1
23.00

10,000

27.2
23.00

10,000

27.3

23.00

10,000

147


28

29

29.1

50

30

148

500

100

30

29.2
29.1

60

80

4,000


31

32

33

34

35

80

4,000

80,000

34.1

34.2

149

1.

150

2.

151

3.

152


(Initial Environmental Evaluation: IEE)
(IEE)

IEE
EIA

: (EIA)
1. :

200
20
2. :
EIA
:
-

EIA
- EIA
80
:
-

-
3. :
:

153

 :
- .

- :

. :

.

154

 :
-

2
(1) 1.0 . (2) 100
100

-
1.0 . 100


2

2

.
- 1.0 .

100
()
- 1.0 . 100

155



:
2

4 (1) (2) (3)
(4)

(Quantitative)
(Qualitative)

4 3.4
:

156

 15

ISO 14000

ISO 14000
ISO 14000 ISO 14000


ISO 14000
14001 14100 ( ISO
100 )
ISO 14000
"ISO 14000 Series"

157


(Environmental Management
Systems, EMS)
(Total Quality Management ,TQM)

ISO

(Environmental Quality System Management)
() (Commercial Quality Management,
Product and Service Quality)
(Occupation Health and Safety Quality
Management) ISO
ISO14001
(EMS) ISO14004

ISO14000 ISO9000
3.1
ISO 9000 ISO 14000
ISO 9000

158

 14.1 ISO 9000 ISO 14000

International
Organization for Standardization ISO

(.)


.. 2534ISO
Strategic Advisory Group on the
Environment(SAGE) .. 2536
207(TC 207) SAGE
.. 2539 ISO 14000
BS 7750 .. 2535

159

 ISO 14000
ISO 14000
3
1. (Environmental Management Systems (EMS))
2
ISO 14001

ISO 14004 ISO 14001

2. 2

2.1 Environmental Auditing and Related Environmental

Investigations (EA)
3
ISO 14010

ISO 14011

ISO 14012



2.2 Environmental Performance Evaluation (EPE)

160

ISO 14031

3. 2

3.1 Environmental Labeling (EL)

5
ISO 14020

ISO 14021 14023

2

3
ISO 14021 , 14022, 14023
ISO 14024
1
3.2 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
4
ISO 14040

ISO 14041

ISO 14042

ISO 14043

ISO 14050 - Terms and Definitions

(T&D) ISO 14000

161

 ISO 14001
Environmental Management Systems - Specification with Guidance for
Use
ISO 14000
14.2

14.2 ISO 14000

ISO 14001
ISO 14001
ISO 14001
(PLAN) ,
(DO), (CHECK), (ACTION) P D C A
ISO 14001
1. (Environmental policy)

162

2. (Planning)

3. (Implementation)

163

4. (Checking & corrective action)

5. (Management review)

ISO 14001
ISO 14001

ISO 14001 ISO

14004 28 2539

.14001-2539
.14004-2539 ISO 14001-1996 ISO 140041996 ISO
14000 2542
164

ISO 14001

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

( 90 )

12.

13.
3
14. 3 6

165

15.

5

ISO 14001
ISO 14001 ISO
14001
ISO
1.

2.

3.

4. ISO ISO

ISO 14000
1.
2.

166

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

(Waste Minimization)
(Waste Utilization)

(Environmental Friendly Product)

167

 16

169

 Appendix I Appendix II
2535

(, 2549)

7 (, 2549)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

2545

170

1.

2.
. .2540

(
) (
)

Appendix III a, b,c


... 2503
... 2507 ...
2535

171

...

... 2535




172

3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)

1. 2542-2559,
.
2. ,
accessed on November 15, 2007,
(http://www.cps.chula.ac.th/html_th/th_information_thai_demo_data.ht
m).

173

3.
(http://www.pcd.go.th/info_serv/regulation.html) accessed on November
20,2008.
4. Environmental Management for Sustainable Development, 2nd
edition, by C.J. Barrow, published by Routledge, 2006.
5. : 9
, accessed on December 01, 2007,
(http://www.chaipat.or.th/chaipat/journal/dec00/ thai/t_economy.html).
6. 2550,
.
7. , ,
2549.
8. , www.environnet.in.th, accessed on
October 09, 2008.

174

( : )

 .
.1

1. (Colour)
2. (Taste)
3. (Odour)
4. (Turbidity)

5. - (pH)
6.
(Total Solids)
7. (Fe)
8. (Mn)
9.
(Fe& Mn)
10. (cu)
11. (Zn)
12. (Ca)
13. (Mg)
14. (SO4)
15. (Cl)
16. (F)
17. (NO3)
18.
(Alkylbenzyl Sulfonate,ABS)
19.
(Phenolicsubstances as phenol)
20. (Hg)
21. (Pb)
22. (As)
23. (Se)

16

-
(Platinum-Cobalt)

(Silica scale unit)
./.

a
(Maximum
(Maximum
Acceptable
Allowable
Concentration) Concentration)
5

15

20

6.5-8.5
500

9.2
1,500

./.
./.
./.

0.5
0.3
0.5

1.0
0.5
1.0

./.
./.
./.
./.
./.
./.
./.
./.
./.

1.0
5.0
75b
50
200
250
0.7
45
0.5

1.5
15.0
200
150
250c
600
1.0
45
1.0

./.

0.001

0.002

./.
./.
./.
./.

0.001
0.05
0.05
0.01

177

()

24.
(Cr hexavalentt)
25. (CN)
26. (Cd)
27. (Ba)
28.
(Standard
Plate Count)

./.

29. (MPNN)

30. (E.cooli)

./.
./.
./.

(CColonies/cm3

100

(CColiform
O sm/100 cm3
Organi

(Maximum
m
(Maxim
mum
Acceptablee
Allowaable
Concentratioon) Concentrration)
0.05

0.2
0.01
1.0
500

2.2

(Tootal Hardness))

3000

0
75

75 150

150
300

300

c
250

30 ( = )

178

16

.2

(
)

1. (Colour)
2.(Odour)

(Hazen)
-

3.(Turbidity)

(silica scale unit)

./.

20

(
)
5

4.- (pH)
5.
(Total Soilds)
6.
(Total Hardness)
7. (As)
8. (Ba)
9. (Cd)
10.
(Cl, )
11. (Cr)
12. (cu)
13. (Fe)
14. (Pb)
15. (Mn)
16. (Hg)
17.
(NO3-N, )
18. (Phenols)
19. (Se)
20. (Ag)
21. (SO4)
22. (Zn)
23. (F)
()

16

6.5-8.5
500

./.

100

./.
./.
./.
./.

0.05
1.0
0.005
250

./.
./.
./.
./.
./.
./.
./.

0.05
1.0
0.3
0.05
0.05
0.002
4.0

./.
./.
./.
./.
./.
./.

0.001
0.01
0.05
250
5.0
1.5

179

()

180

(
)

./.
./.

0.2
0.2

./.

0.1

27. (Coliform)

../100 .

2.2

28.. (E.Coli)

../100 .

29.(Diseasecausing baceria)

../100 .

24.
25. (Alkylbenzene
Sulfonate)
26.

16

.3

1. (Colour)
2.
3. - (pH)
4. (Fe)
5. (Mn)
6. (cu)
7. (Zn)

./.
./.
./.
./.

8. (SO4)
9. (Cl)
10. (F)

./.
./.
./.

200
250
0.7

250
600
1

11. (NO3)
12.

./.
./.

45
300

45
500

./.

200

250

./.

600

1,200

./.
./.
./.
./.
./.
./.
..

500

0.05
0.1
0.05
0.001
0.01
0.01
-

..
100 ..
-

2.2

(Total Hardness as CaCO3)

13.
(Non carbonate hardness as
CaCO3)
14.
(Total dissolved solids)

15. (As)
16. (CN)
17. (Pb)
18. (Hg)
19. (Cd)
20. (Se)
21.
standard plate count
22.
Most Probable Number (MPN)
23.. (E.coli)

16

5
15
5
20
7.0 - 8.5
6.5 - 9.2
0.5
1.0
0.3
0.5
1.0
1.5
5.0
15.0

181

.4

1.
(pH value)

5.5-9.0

2. (TDS
Total Dissolved Solids)

3,000 ./ 103-105oC

5,000 ./.

(Salinity)
2,000 ./.

5,000
..

3.
(Suspended Solids)

50 ./.

150 ./.

182

pH Meter

(Glass
Fiber Filter Disc)

16

4. (Temperature)

40C

5.

6. (Sulfide as H2S)

1.0 ./.

Titrate

7. (Cyanide as
HCN)

0.2 ./.

Pyridine Barbituric

8. (Fat, Oil
and Grease)

5.0 ./.

15 ./.

9.
(Formaldehyde)

1.0 ./.

Spectrophotometry

10.
(Phenols)

1.0 ./.

11. (Free
Chlorine)

1.0 ./.

lodometric Method

12.

Gas-Chromatography

Acid

4-Aminoantipyrine

(Pesticide)

16

183

13. 5
20 C (Biochemical Oxygen
Demand : BOD)

20 ./.

60 ./.

Azide Modification 20C

5

14. TKN
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen)

100 ./.

200 ./.

Kjeldahl

15. (Chemical
Oxygen Demand : COD)

120 ./.

400
../.

Potassium Dichromate Digestion

184

16

16. (Heavy Metal)

(Zn)

(Hexavalent
Chromium)

(Trivalent
Chromium)
(Cu)
(Cd)

Atomic Absorption Spectro Photometry

Direct Aspiration
Plasma Emission Emission Spectroscopy
Inductively Coupled Plama : ICP

0.25 ./.

Spectroscopy Inductively Coupled

Plama : ICP

0.75 ./.

2.0 ./.
0.03 ./.

(Bb)
(Pb)

1.0 ./.

(Ni)
(Mn)

1.0 ./.
5.0 ./.

(As)

0.25 ./.

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

Hydride Generation
Plasma Emission

(Se)

0.02 ./.

Spectroscopy Inductively Coupled

Plasma : ICP

0.005 ./.

Atomic Absorption Cold Vapour

Techique

(Hg)

16

5.0 ../

0.2 ./.

185

.5

()

50

(JTU)

50

5.0-9.2

4. (Total Solids)

./.

2,000

5. (BOD)

./.

40

6. (Fat , Oil and

Grease)

./.

5.0

7. (Free Chlorine)

./.

5.0

8. (Cu)

1.5

9. (Zn)

./.
./.

15.0

10. (Cr)

./.

2.0

11. (As)

./.

0.05

12. (CN)

./.

0.2

13. (Hg)

./.

0.002

14. (Pb)

./.

0.1

15. (Cd)

./.

0.1

16. (Ba)

./.

1.0

1. (Color)
2. (Turbidity)
3. (pH)

186

16

.6

1.
(pH)

5-9

5-9

5-9

5-9

5-9

(pH Meter)

2. (BOD)

./. Azide Modification

20
20
30
40
50 200 5

3.
-
(Suspended Soilds)

./.
(Glass Fibre Filter Disc)
50

60

-
(Settleable Solids)

./.

(Imhoff
cone) 1,000 .
1

103-105
1

(Titrate)

(kjeldahl)

30

0.5

40

0.5

50

0.5

0.5

-
(Total
Dissolved Solid)

./.

4. (Sulfide)

./.

500* 500* 500* 500*

1.0

1.0

3.0

4.0

5.
(Nitrogen)
(TKN)

./.

6.
(Fat , Oil and Grease)

./.

20
20
20
20 100

35

16

35

40

40

187


5
1. .

500

200

30

25,000

55,000

25,000
2,500


2,500
2. .

100 500

60 200

250
5,000

10
30


5,000 25,000
188

16

10,000
55,000

5,000 25,000
1,500
2,500

500 2,500
3. .

100

60

50 250
1,000
5,000

5,000
10,000
1,000
1,500

250 500
4. .

10 50
500
1,000

100 250
5. .
100

16

189

.7

1.

500

100 - -100

500

2.

200

60 -
200

60

3.

250

50- 10 -
250 50

4.

5,000 1,000 -
.2

5,000 .2

10 -
30

6.
5,000-
2
25,000 .

25,000 .2

5.

30

7. 10,000- 5,000-
55,000 .2
10,000 .2

55,000 .2

190

16

8.

5,000-
25,000 .2 25,000 .2

9.

1,500- 1,000- 500-

2,500 .2 1,500 .2 1,000 .2
2,500 .2

10.

500-
2,500 .2
2,500 .2

16

250- 100- 100 .2

500 .2 250 .2

191

.8

1.
(pH)
2. (BOD)

100

500

500
-

5.5-9.0

./.

30

3.
(Solids)
./.

(Suspended
Solids)
./.
(Settleable Solids)

5.5-9.0

-(-
pH Meter)
20 -Azide Modification
20 5

40

30 - Glass Fiber Filter

Disc

0.5

0.5 -
(Imhoff Cone)
1,000 ..1

*
(Total Dissolved
Solids)

./. 500

500 - 103-105
1

4. (Sulfide)

./.

192

1.0

1.0 - (Titration)
16

100

500

500

5. ./.
(TKN)
6. ./.
(Fat , Oil and
Grease)

16

35

35 - (Kjeldahl)

20

20 -

193

 .
.1

1.
(CO)

1 .

30 ppm. (34.2 ./..)

8 .

9 ppm. (10.26 ./..)

2.
(NO2)

1 .

0.17 ppm. (0.32 ./..)

0.03 ppm (0.057 ./..)

3. (O3)

1 .

0.10 ppm. (0.20 ./..)

8 .

0.07 ppm. (0.14 ./..)

1 .

0.3 ppm. (0.78 ./..)

24 .

0.12 ppm.(0.30 ./..)

0.04 ppm.(0.10 ./..)

5. (Pb)

1.5 ./..

6. 100

24 .

0.33 ./..

1
24 .

0.10 ./..
0.12 ./..

0.05 ./..

24 .

0.05 ./..

0.025 ./..

4.
(SO2)

7. 10

8. 2.5

1. (1, 8 24 .)

(Acute Effect)
2. (1 1 )

(Chronic Effect)
194

16

.2 1

1. (Benzene)

1.7 /.

2. (Vinyl Chloride)

10 /.

3. 1,2 - (1,2 - Dichloroethane)

0.4 /.

4. (Trichloroethylene)

23 /.

5. (Dichloromethane)

22 /.

6. 1,2 - (1,2 - Dichloropropane)

4 /.

7. (Tetrachloroethylene)

200 /.

8. (Chloroform)

0.43 /.

9. 1,3 - (1,3 - Butadiene)

0.33 /.

16

195

.3

1.
115

1.
2.

2.
24 70

3.

4.

24
24

1.20 3.50

1.20 1.00


1.50

196

16

 17

"Occupation Safety and Health"

199

1.
(ANSI)

(struck by)
(caught in, under or between)
(fall)

(contact with electric current)

2552 17.1

200

16,000
14,000
12,000

()

10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1301

13,396

00203
1501

9,241

8,381

00615

0
0804

6,510

6,176

177.1
5 25552
: (
)

2.
H.W. Heinrichh

.. 19200

(Human Causess)

88%

(Mechanical
Failuure) 10%

2001

 (Acts of God) 2%


(Domino
Theory)

5
5
(Social Environment or
Background)
(Defects of Person)
(Unsafe Acts/Unsafe
Conditions)
(Accident)
(Injury/Damage

17.2
" (Accident Chain)"
(
) (
)

202


17.2



"" "
" "
" ""
"" "
" " "
"" 17.3

17.3

203


.





.






.

2

.

204

205

 (Loss Causation
Model) Frank E. Bird H.W. Heinrich

1.

2.

3.

17.4
(Loss Causation Model)
(Loss
Causation Model)
(Incident) (Immediate Causes)
(Basic Causes)
(Lack of Control)
(Lack of Control)




(Basic Causes)

2
206

(Immediate Causes)

(Sub-standard Acts)
(Sub-standard Conditions)
/ (Incident/ Contact)

(Loss)

3.

2
.


. (
)

207

-
""
- ()

-
-
-

-
-

""

208

 Heinrich
4:1 1980 De Reame
2.3:1 101:1

17.5

""

209

17.6
1.

2.

(Solvents)

(Threshold Limit Values
210

 TLV)

3.



4.

1.



(Best Practice)

2.

-

211

3.

4.

5.

6.

212

1.

213

214

215

2.

3.

216



(Planning)
(Organizing) (Staffing)
(Leading) (Controlling)
(Planning)

(Organizing)




(Line)
(Staff)

(Staffing)

(Leading)
(Leadership) (Human relations)
(Motivation) (Communication)


(Controlling)


-

217

(1)
(2)
(3)

218



1. (/ )

/

2.

219

3.

4.


50

( )
( )
220

 (.)

7

1

221

222

223

1.

17.7
224

 17.8
2.

17.9

-

225

 -

-

3.

226

 17.10
4.

17.11
-

227

 (Steam boiler)
(closed vessel)

1.

2. (superheated steam)
(steam turbines)

1. (safety valve)


2. (pressure gauge)

3.

4. (water level control)

5.

228

6.
(feed
(
water pump)

7. (botttom blow down valvee)

2229

1.

Carbon-Silicon No. ASTM A212

(Stress)

2.




(pH)

230

3.

4.

5.

231

""

232

1.

233



"
"


2.

-
-

-

-
50
8
19%
-

-
-
-
-
234

-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
- 3

- 2
- 6
3.5
-

-

- 3
-
-

235

4











-
-



-

236

1.

2.

3.

2
-



-


-

237

-
-
-

238

-

-

-
-

-

-

2
1.


2.

-
-
-

239

-
-
-
-
-

-
-

-
-

-

-
-
-
-

- 20 2
- 2-4

240

2
1. (Non Ionizing Radiation)



2. (Ionizing Radiation)

-

30

-


-

241

""







""





242






(Telex)

243

 6 1

244

.. 2504

.. 2547 27 (.. 2535)
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health
Association) NIOSH (National Institute of
Occupational Safety and Health)

(Solvents)

245

1.















2.

246

-
-

-
-

-
-
-
-

247

-
-
-

-
-

-
-
-
-

-

248

(Ergonomics)

(Work Station)

249

(Visual Display Terminals)

17.12

250

 (Chair)

-
-
-
-
-

-
(Standing Work Station)




-
- (
)
-
-

( )
-

251

(Displays and Controls)

(Tools)

252

(Manual Material Handling)

253

.. 2547

55
25
15 18
20 15
18

254

17.13

(W
Work Schedules)

(Shift Work)

-
-


-

2555

9
1. (Head Protection) (Safety
Helmet)

2. (Hair Protection) (Hair Net)

3. (Eye Protection)


4. (Ear Protection) (Ear Plugs)
(Ear Muffs)

5. (Body and Legs Protection)

6. (Foot Protection)

7. (Respiratory
Protection
Devices)

8. (Hand Protection)

256

9. (Barrier
Cream) (Safety Belt) (Life Line)
- (Barrier Cream)


- (Safety Belt) (Life Line)

1. ... . .
2554
2. ..
2547
3.
.. 2547
4. ..
2547
5.
.. 2549
6.

7.

257

 18

1.


( 30 - 40 .)

259

2.

3. (Diesel Hammer)




(Steam Hammer)
(Drop Hammer)



0.140 ./3 24
4.


80 7

(Air compressor)

260

 (Ear plug)

5.

12 3

261

3
6

0.75

262

(Tower Crane) (Mobile Crane)

263





0.60

264

265

266

(TOWER CRANE)

(Steel truss)
(Load)

(MOBILE CRANE)

267

 (CONFIGURATION OF CRANE BASE)

3

18.1

268

Outrigger Outrigger
Knob pins

Boom 30 - 80
Jib

(Angle Indicator)

Boom
Hook

269

270

Boom
1
3.00

(Overload Alarm)

, Limit Switch , , ,
Load

10 .

90%
,

Boom (Slow Rotation)

(Total Weight)

271


10%
5%
2 60
Safety Factor 5
Guy Rope

(Hook)

272

Power Up Power Down

Boom Swing Gear DOG

Load Chart
Radius Chart
Boom (Boom Up)
Boom Boom Down

273


Side Load Load

Load Movement Load

Load

(Change in Load Radius)


Boom
Swing Load

Swinging

Boom
Side Load

Load
Load Radius Load
Boom

80%

274

- 50,000 3.00

- 69,000 3.20

- 115,000
3.65
- 230,000
4.80

1.

275

(1 2,400 )

2.

3.


4.


276

1.



2.
(Single Pole Scaffold)


3.

=
4.80
=
5.00

4
4.46

2
3
1.

277

2.

3. 21.00



4.
(Suspended Scaffold)
2

195
(40 )
4

278

 I
U

U (Beam
Clamp Connection)
(Channel) I


I
17.80 6.90
4.60
90 - 110
(Toe Board)

5.

279

18.2

150

2
C =
600

280






2 2
1 1
2

281


1.

2.

3.

4.
5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

(Safety Belt & Life Line)

282

 2.00

1.20

283

 19

1
10
2536

16:00 . 188
3
(16 ..32, 2 ..34, 13 ..36)

1 1





10

285

 2

16 11 2540
9:30 . 91
1
1

3

30 10 2551 4:50 .
3 60

4

1,300 1 2552
00:15 . 66

286


1,200

19.1








229
1669

66
..2546
100 430
.. 2552 150
300 .. 2556

287

 (KISS)
235

19.2

(Fire Safety Policy

and Goals)



4

(Life Safety)
(Property Protection)
(Business Interruption)
(Environmental Protection)

,
, Data Center
288





(Sprinkler)

500-1100 100








21% 17%

15%
4-5

289






4
1.

2.


3.

4.

290

19.3

291

Bacteria Oxidation

292





2

/


( )

293

.
.
.
.

(Grounding)
(Bonding)

294

(
)

NFPAA 550

19.4
(FFire Safety Tree)
T

295

15
65 75

110

Sprinkler




296

A (Class A)


B (Class B)




C (Class C)

A B

D (Class D)
, ,
K (Class K)

297

1.

19.5

298

2.

1.4



3.

299

Door Closer

Door Closer

Panic Bar Push Bar

Fire Exit
Bar or Hardware

300

300 .

850 950 .
100 .
180 .
280 .

19.6
4.

50

301

 5

0.25

20

302

19.7

19.8
1

303

( 23 )
( 10,000 )
500
4
Hydraulic Calculation

Temperature Rating, K-factor

(), ,

(Water Flow Switch)

Supervisory Switch

304

 19.9

23

100,000

Hydraaulic Calcuulation

305

2,400

199.10

3

25
3
(Hose Reeel)

(Hose Rack) 40
306




65

(
)
64

450
700

1,200 1



-

19.11
Fire
F Departm
ment Conneection

307

( 23 )

38.6


1
2

132 Door Closer

1.4

308

 199.12

19.133

(Automatic) (Manuaal)

309

(Compartm
(
ment)

1, 2, 3
4

, ,

19.14
1

1.
2.
3.
310




1, 2 3

1

(Corridor)


2 (Horizontal
Evacuation)
2 (Horizontal Exit)

311

 19.15

19.16

312

19.17

25
450

313

23

314


30-60

10-15

1.

2.

3. NFPA 13, National Fire

Protection Association, USA.
4. NFPA 101 (Life Safety Code),
National Fire Protection Association, USA.

315

 20

1.


1.1 (electric shock)
1.2 (arc flash)

1.3 (arc blast)

1.1 (Electric Shock)

317



1.1.1 2
230

1.1.2

()

(
)

.

( 20.1)


318

 20.1
.
2


(20.2)


20.1

20.2

319

 20.1
( 68 )

1 mA
1-3 mA
10 mA

( )
30 mA
75 mA
250 mA
4A

5 A

()
()
99.5%


(

: Courtesy of Ralph Lee (: )

2

. (direct contact)

320

 20.3

20.3
: :

-
-
-

-

- (personnel
protective equipment, PPE)

321



-
- 50 V.

. (indirect contact)

20.4

322


- (
)
- 2 II (double
insulation)
- (non-conducting location)
- (electrical separation)

-
- 50 V.
-

1.2 (Arc Blast)

(dielectric strength)

3

323

-

- /


3
1

2


3

324

1.3 (Arc Blast)

19,400 -

()

2 217
25,000

325

-
.
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)
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1.

1.1
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-

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-
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1.2
- /

326

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3

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- lock out /tag out
-
-
-
-

-
3





-
-


-

2.

327

2.1

-
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-

-
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328

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2.2
.

.

50

329

20.5

(Master key)

330

 20.6

2.3

-

-

331

-
-

20.7

-

332

-

-

480 ( NFPA 70E)

3.

-

-

-

-
-
- ( )

333

20.8

20.9
334

4.
(RCD ELCB)

335

 20.10

20.11
20.11
A


B

336

5.

2
()
5.1

( 20.12)

337

 20.12
5.2

20.12

338

 20.13







2
3

20.14

339

 20.14 ()
20.14
()

()

()

340

 20.15 ()
20.15





()

341


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2.

3.

20.16

20.16

2 50
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342

6.
3



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343

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344


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345

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346

347

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348

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349

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:1.

2.

3. NFPA 13, National Fire
Protection Association, USA.
4. NFPA 101 (Life Safety Code),
National Fire Protection Association, USA.
5. ,
, 1, ., : 2551
6. , ,
3, (-), : 2555
350