The mind Introduction compare answers in pairs igence Qu c ma +, Tt a” + > ~ b Jack is poorer t Mark. Mark is as Jack. Which person is the richest You lent something to a friend. It isn’t worth uch money, but it means ed for the item back, but your friend has failed to give it back. What do you do? 4 Tell your friend that the item has great sentimental value and that you would like to have it back. End the friendship. A real friend would have more consideration for you. Forget about it. Friends are more important than possessions, Don't speak to your friend until your item is lot to you. You' returned. You are coming out of a shop when you suddenly trip and nearly fall over. What do you do? 4. Feel angry and swear to yourself. 2 See the funny side and carry on walking. 3 Look around quickly to see if anyone was watching. 4 Feel really embarrassed and walk on, pretending nothing has happened. Discuss these questions. 1 How useful are IQ and EQ tests? How well do you perform on them? ) To what extent can practising these tests help you get a be| ii . | Listening Part 2 Think ahead 4 These factors may determine whether a child will grow up a success OF a failure. Hoy could each factor be a positive or a negative influence? social class upbringing wealth character education intelligence { Exam practice Sentence completion 2 x) 1.25 You will hear part of a radio programme about factors which determine When you listen for the first | time, complete as many Many psychologists believe that EQ is B10 when calculating success seteres secur font | (NR a a | all of them at this stage than those who got lower IQ scores | he second time you listen, ‘One of the most significant factors for life success is ees) mero | The children wo didn't eat the sweet would receive oo Sentences and | you have already eck the ones completed Approximately Tlf the children couldn't resist temptation The children were retested when they were [ (On the 0 test, the group which had resisted temptation got| H “Another factor which determines success is[ a: | Te ee Salesmen who are[ Bare more liable to leave during ther frst year. Over to you 3 Discuss these questions. ‘@ Were you surprised by the results of the research? Why / Why not? > IF you were in these situations, how much attention would you pay to IQ and to EQ? What other qualities would you look for? + a student choosing a private tutor * a university selecting new students * someone looking for a marriage partner + an estate agency looking for a manager * a hair salon looking for an apprentice hair stylist Personal qualities 4 Which of these adjectives describe positive and which describe negative personal qualities? What are the nouns related to these adjectives? Confident dependable indecisive pessimistic _self.reliant 5 Complete these sentences with an appropriate adjective or noun from 4, ‘a_ Josie can never make up her mind. She's so — b It’s important to believe in yourself and have — in your own abilities. © My grandmother lives alone and doesn't need any help from anyone. She's totally James isn't very __. He doesn't always turn up when he says he will oie always believe the worst will happen.Grammar Gerunds and infinitives + Grammar reference page 165 6 Some people have such hundreds of facts © Ifyou are interested your mer can try which guarantee success. 4 Don't worry a bad memory — it may be @ Secretaries are responsible th ‘ How many expressions do you know in English which express how much we like something, e.g. enjoy, can't stand? Make a list. Then, put them in order from extreme liking to extreme disliking, Work in pairs, Tell your partner about your likes and dislikes, using your list of verbs and expressions in 4, Think about flms, music, sports, travel, food and other people Example: | can't stand people interrupt Some verbs are followed by the gerund, others by the infinitive. Choose the co in these sentences. a We just managed to catch / catching the b b We've arranged to meet / meeting outside the cinem ¢ Have you considered to chan os d | expect to be / being home before nine e You will risk to lose {He leamed to play / playing golf wt didn't agree tc The woman admitt 1d to understand J We can't afford to buy n74 Reading and Use of English Part 6 1 Read this short text. What or who do the words in italics refer to Exam skills Volker Sommer, Professor University College, Londo chimpanzees use sticks 10 avo ants they are trying to eat Nigeria's Gashaka Gui and army ants and sticks a latter to dip into nes ie ants. A cad the ants respond to pr y oa the surface to defend th i response to this, chimpa a with stick tools, ther { Exam practice Gapped text 2 You are going to read an article about animal behaviour. Six sentences have b removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each gap 6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. (4-6). Thi tra sent hich you di A This use of a third individual to achieve a goal is only one o' n commonly used by apes. B When she looked and found nothing, she ‘walked back, hit me over the head with her hand and ignored me for the rest of the day pial Alea © The ability of animals to deceive and cheat may be a better measure of their Intelligence than their use of tools. D So the psychologists talked to colleagues who studied apes and asked them if they had noticed this kind of deception. E The psychologists who saw the incident are sure that he intended to get the potal F Of course, it’s possible that he could have leamed from humans that such behaviour works, without understanding why. G Such behaviour, developed over hundreds of thousands of years, is instinctive and completely natural Over to you 3 Discuss these questions. ‘Did you play tricks on your brothers and sisters when you were a child? Do you regret your behaviour now? b Have you ever tried to deceive any of the following people? Why and how did you do it? What were the consequences? aboss acustoms officer afriend aparent apartner a teacher: } * AM dissine nthe aun fora oto ‘angry mother rushes over and chases Anna awa is mum shas gone, Paul walks over and helps himself o aoc oe fF t0 Anna’s potato, Does this ring a bell? 'm sure it does. We've all experienced annoying tricks when we were young — the brother who stole your toys and then got you into trouble by telling your parents you had hit him, But Anna and Paul are not humans. They're s»African baboons, and playing tricks is as much a part of monkey behaviour as it is of human behaviour. Throughout nature, tricks like this are common ~ they are part of daly survival. There are insects that hide fom their enemies by looking like leaves or twigs, and harmless snakes .sthat imitate poisonous ones.'4 Some animals, however, go further and use a more deliberate kind of deception ~ they Use normal behaviour to trick other animals. In most cases the ‘animal probably doesn’t know itis deceiving, only that certain actions give it an advantage, But in apes and some monkeys, the ebehaviour seems much more like that of humans. What about Paul the baboon? His scream and his mother’s attack ‘on Anna could have been a matter of chance, but Paul was later seen playing the same trick on others. 2 Another tactic is the ‘Lok behind yout tek. When one young male Baboon v2s, -attacked By several others, Ne stood on his back legs and ok into the distance, as if there was an enemy there The aackers turmed to look behind them and lost interest in thei victim. In fact, there was no enemy. Studying behaviour like to do laboratory experimen sts complicated because itis dificult to test whether behavior is intentional. would be easy to suggest that these cases mean the baboons were deliberately tricking other animals, but they ‘might have leamed the behaviour without understanding haw it Wworked,|3/_|They discovered many liars and cheats. but the »sCleverest were apes who cleay shawed that they intended to deceive and knew wen they themselves had been deceived, {An amusing example ofthis comes from a psychologist working Jn Tanzania. A young chimp was annoying him, so he ticked her into going away by pretending he had seen something seinteresting In the distance. 4 ‘Another way to decide whether an animal’s behaviour is deliberate isto look for actions that are not normal for that ‘animal. 00 worker describes haw a gorilla dealt with an ‘enemy. ‘He slovily cept up behind the other gorilla, walking 40n tiptoe. When he got close to his enemy, he pushed him violently in the back, then ran indoors’ Wild gorillas do not normally walk on tiptoe.) | But looking at the many cases of deliberate deception in apes, its impossible to explain them all as simple imitation, seTaking all the evidence into account, it seems that deception does play an important part in ape societies where there ae complex social rules and relationships and where problems are better solved by social pressure than by physical conflict. (6 Studying the intelligence of our closest relatives could be the sway to understand the development of human intelligence.Exam skills Over to yo Essay » wating guide page 178 = First, decide if you agree or disagree with the statement. Then, think of one or two ideas for each of the points Under “Things to write about remembering to add your own idea, 4 Read these sentences, First, entity the punctuation marks in blue, Then, decide why ach one has been used, John Paul Getty Jr, despite being a billionaire, suffered from depression. ‘My next-doorneighbour won the lottery last Saturday. ‘Not surprisingly, most people would be happy if they won a large sum of money. | would be nappy if| had the following: a good job, a nice house and @ new car. It tells the story lent film and One of the most recent films about money is ‘Slumdog Millionair Of @ young Indian man who wins a fortune on a quiz show. It's an Was awarded eight Oscars in 2009. f Although he was extremely well off, his wealth did not bring him happiness. 5 Divide this text into three paragraphs. Then, add the appropriate punctuation Where necessary. The american rock legend Kurt Cobain was born on february 20" 1967 in the state of Washington He formed Nirvana in 1987 and the band broke into the mainstream with ‘Smells like Teen Spirit in 1991, although he went on to achieve worldwide success Cobain remained a deeply troubled man. Cobains problems started from an early age His parents who had a stormy marriage finally divorced when he was nine. Cobain lived first with his father, until he remarried, and then with his mother. However he did not et on with his new step-father, who he couldnt stand. Having got into drugs when he was stil a teenager Cobain was never able to kick the habit, Tragically he took his own life in 1994, He was just 27 years of age. 6 Do you know of any other people who have or have had wealth and success, but have been deeply troubled? “Exam practice } ——— — aces P i 7 Read this Writing Part 4 task. Then, work through stages a-f. In your English class you have been talking about stress. Now, your English teacher has asked you to write an essay. Write an essay using all the notes and give reasons for your point of view. Write your essay in 140-190 words Essay question “Life today is extremely stressful for most people? Do you agree? Notes ‘Things to write about: 1. work 2 family 3 (your own idea) Think about whether you agree or disagree with the statement. Think of a couple of ideas for each of the prompts and make a note of these. Think about what to include as your own idea. Plan your introduction. Remember it shouldn't simply repeat the exam rubric. Plan what you will include in each of your paragraphs. When you have finished, read through your answer checking grammar, spelling and punctuation. 79