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Tomtat
Tomtat
Tomtat
I HC NNG
NG NH DNG
60.52.70
Nng, Nm 2013
* C th tm hiu lun vn ti :
- Trung tm Thng tin - Hc liu, i hc Nng
1
M U
1. Tnh cp thit ca ti
Lun vn ny trnh by cch lm th no cc thit b di ng
thit lp nhng kt ni ny n trm t bo pht sng mnh nht
trong vng ln cn n. lm c iu ny, cc thit b di ng
khc phc c nhng thch thc ca c lng knh truyn giao
tip vi cc nh trm v ng b ha tn s. Hn na, nhiu thit b
di ng giao tip cng lc n ngi nhn t cc khong cch khc
nhau. T y, n c ng b ha mt cch tch hp n cc trm
c s. LTE s dng hai tn hiu, tn hiu ng b c s PSS (Primary
Synchronization Signal) v tn hiu ng b th cp SSS (Secondary
Synchronization Signal) mt cch tun t xc nh nhng nh
trm ri m thit b di ng s ng b trong . Lun vn ny s m
phng bng cch s dng Matlab, dng th tc tm kim cell, nhng
phng php lin kt vi n nh c cp y v cc gii
php lm vic .
2. Mc tiu nghin cu
Mc tiu ca lun vn l nghin cu, hc tp v m phng
th tc tm kim v ng b Cell trong mi trng LTE.
Nghin cu cng ngh OFDM, SC-FDMA, l cng ngh
s dng cho ng xung (downlink) v ng ln (Uplink) ca
LTE.
Xy dng chng trnh m phng.
3. i tng v phm vi nghin cu
Cc k thut ghp knh OFDM, SC-FDMA s dng cho
ng xung v ng ln ca h thng LTE.
2
Nghin cu tn hiu ng b c s, tn hiu ng b th
cp s dng trong th tc tm kim Cell .
ng dng Matlab m phng.
4. Phng php nghin cu
Tm hiu cc yu t c bn trong qu trnh truyn d liu
t thu bao di ng ln knh truyn cng nh qu trnh nhn d liu
t knh truyn v n thu bao (ng Uplink v ng Downlink).
S dng l thuyt v cc tn hiu ng b c s PSS v tn
hiu ng b th cp SSS tm kim v ng b Cell trong qu
trnh truyn d liu.
Vit chng trnh Matlab m phng cc qu trnh ny.
5. ngha khoa hc v thc tin ca ti
Cng ngh LTE ang hng ti cc mc tiu nh sau:
Tc nh tc thi vi bng thng 20 MHz: Ti
xung 100 Mbps, ti ln 50 Mbps.
Hot ng ti u vi tc di chuyn ca thu bao l
0-15 Km/h. Vn hot ng tt vi tc di chuyn ca thu bao t
15-120 Km/h v vn di tr hot ng khi thu bao di chuyn vi tc
t 120-350 Km/h, thm ch l 500 Km ty bng tn s dng.
t c nhng mc tiu k trn, c rt nhiu cc k
thut mi c p dng, trong ni bt l k thut v tuyn
OFDM, k thut SC-FDMA.
V cc k thut ny c ng dng ti u ha qu trnh
tm kim v ng b Cell trong cc thit b di ng mt cch nhanh
chng nhm tng hiu qu s dng bng thng knh truyn, p ng
nhu cu vin thng ngy cng pht trin c v s lng v cht lng
dch v.
3
6. B CC CA LUN VN
Theo mc tiu v i tng nghin cu trnh by phn
trn, ni dung ca ti s bao gm 3 chng nh sau::
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V LTE
CHNG 2: K THUT OFDMA V SC-FDMA
CHNG 3: TM KIM V NG B CELL
CHNG 1:
TNG QUAN V LTE
1.1.
nguyn v tuyn
4
phc tp
Nhng vn chung
1.2.1. Tim nng cng ngh
1.2.2. Hiu sut h thng
1.2.3. Cc vn lin quan n vic trin khai
1.2.4. linh hot ph v vic trin khai
1.2.5. Kin trc v s dch chuyn (migration)
1.2.6. Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn
1.2.7. phc tp
1.2.8. Nhng vn chung
CHNG 2:
K THUT OFDMA V SC-FDMA
2.1.
CC NGUYN L C BN CA OFDM
Nguyn l c bn ca OFDM l chia mt lung d liu tc
5
2.3.
2.4.
2.5.
2.6.
2.7.
OFDM
2.7.1. ng b thi gian
2.7.2. ng b tn s
2.8.
CC C TNH CA OFDM
2.8.1. u im
2.8.2. Nhc im
2.9.
K THUT SC-FDMA
2.9.1. Tng quan SC-FDMA
Mc tiu thit k cho ng uplink ca LTE l cung cp tn
xa
nhiu
lin
tip
SIC
(Successive
Interference
6
2.9.2. Qu trnh truyn nhn d liu trong SC-FDMA
Bt u ca vic nghin cu ny, vic truyn v nhn d liu
ca SC-FDMA gia hai user A v B c thc hin bng cch s
dng chui CAZAC cho vic c lng knh, s dng nh x sng
mang con cc b. V b pht SC-FDMA c thc hin nh trn
hnh 2.22:
7
2. c lng knh s dng chui CAZAC c truyn tn
hiu tham kho trong mi khe ring ca tng frame. Hnh 2.27 v
2.28 th hin c lng knh s dng chui CAZAC c di 64.
3. FFT c thc hin da trn k thut iu ch 16-QAM t
mi user, v vy m mi s iu ch d liu c tri rng ra trn
tt c cc sng mang con s dng bi UE.
4. D liu t mi user ny c nh x n 64 khe trong 512
khe IFFT.
5. Mi UE sau truyn d liu user tng ng ca n ln
v c nhn bng eNodeB t knh truyn khc.
6. D liu t mi user u phi tri qua hiu ng knh truyn
v nhiu cng bn ngoi.
7. Ti receiver, hiu ng knh c loi b v d liu t mi
user c khi phc li.
2.10. KT LUN CHNG
Chng ny trnh by cc nguyn l chung ca OFDM v
SC-FDMA. OFDM l phng php truyn dn a sng mang cho
php truyn dn v tuyn bng rng vi kh nng tit kim bng
thng nht. V th n c s dng cho m hnh lp vt l OFDMA
ng xung ca LTE. Tuy nhin, do nhc im ca OFDM l n
c PAPR cao. Trong khi SC-FDMA s dng tri ph bng DFT,
cc tn hiu iu ch c truyn ni tip. V th PAPR trong SCFDMA thp hn nhiu so vi OFDM, do SC-FDMA c s
dng cho ng ln ca LTE. c bit k thut SC-FDMA vi vic
ng dng chui Zadoff-Chu, h s PAPR thp s c ng dng
trong chng sau dng nghin cu phng php tm kim v
ng b Cell trong mi trng LTE.
8
CHNG 3:
TM KIM V NG B CELL
3.1.
3.2.
NGUYN L HOT NG
Tm kim cell l mt chc nng c bn ca bt k h thng di
3.3.
(2)
v NID
0,1, 2
(3.1)
TN HIU NG B
Th tc tm kim Cell phn cp ny c thc hin theo 2
9
Tn hiu ng b th cp
Cc tn hiu ng b s cp u tin xc nh 1 trong 3 nhn
(2)
dng cell (0,1,2) c th hin bi NID
. Sau cc tn hiu ng b
th cp c s dng xc nh 1 nhn dng cell t trong 0 n
(1)
167 c th hin bi NID
. Tn hiu c s c da trn chui
Zadoff-Chu, l chui t tng quan Zero bin khng i
(3.2)
3.3.1. Tn hiu ng b s cp
a. S hnh thnh chui
Chui d(n) c s dng cho cc tn hiu ng b s cp c
to ra t mt chui Zadoff-Chu trong min tn s theo biu thc:
j un63( n 1)
e
du (n) u ( n 1)( n 2)
e j
63
n 0,1,...,30
3.3
n 31,32,..., 61
10
K thut song cng phn chia theo tn s FDD (Frequency
Division Duplex) (cu trc khung kiu 1).
K thut song cng phn chia theo thi gian TDD (Time
Division Duplex) (cu trc khung kiu 2)
Chui d(n) s c nh x n phn t ngun theo cng thc
sau:
ak ,l d (n)
k n 31
n 0,1,...., 61
DL
RB
N RB
N SC
2
(3.4)
3.5
3.3.2. Tn hiu ng b th cp
a. S hnh thnh chui
Chui d(0),d(1),,d(61) c s dng cho tn hiu ng b
th cp l mt s ghp xen k gia hai chui nh phn c di l
31. Chui ghp ny c xo trn vi mt chui xo trn ca tn
hiu ng b s cp[6].
T hp ca 2 chui c di 31 ny s to thnh tn hiu ng
b th cp khc nhau gia khung con 0 v khung con 5 theo cng
thc:
11
(3.8)
(3.9)
30
(1)
q ' N ID / 30
(3.10)
(3.11)
(3.12)
(3.13)
(3.14)
x( i 5) ( x( i 2) x( i )) mod 2, 0 i 25
(3.15)
(3.16)
(2)
c1 (n) c ((n N ID
3) mod 31)
(3.17)
12
(2)
Vi NID
{0,1, 2} l nhn dng lp vt l nm trong nhm
(1)
nhn dng Cell lp vt l NID
, cn c (i ) c nh ngha bng:
c (i) 1 2 x(i), 0 i 30
(3.18)
0 i 25
x( i 5) ( x( i 3) x( i )) mod 2,
(3.19)
(3.20)
(3.21)
0 i 25
(3.23)
x( i 5) ( x( i 4) x( i 2) x( i 1) x( i )) mod 2, 0 i 25
(3.24)
x(0) 0, x(1) 0, x(2) 0, x(3) 0, x(4) 1.
b. nh x n phn t ngun
(1)
S dng bng 3.2 tra cc h s NID
v cc h s m0 , m1
3.4.
TH TC NG B CELL
1. UE xc nh Symbol bt u.
2. UE tm kim mt Cell v thc hin ng b gn ng.
3. UE xc nh tn s sng mang.
4. UE thc hin vic ng b thi gian
5. UE thc hin ng b tn s chnh xc.
3.4.1. D tm tn hiu ng b s cp (PSS)
Symbol bt u c xc nh bng cch kim tra nh tam
13
14
By gi, UE c mt la chn tn hiu nhn c t mt
trong ba chui m n bit. UE thc hin iu ny vi 2 quan tm:
1. Tn hiu tri qua 1 vng xoay pha trong khi di chuyn
t cell v tuyn n UE.
2. Tn hiu tr qua s suy hao trn knh truyn v UE c
c lng knh truyn s dng vi tn hiu ng b th cp SSS.
m phng, n c gi nh rng PSS vi h s gc 25
l tn hiu truyn t Cell v tuyn. Hnh 3.13 cho thy kt qu tng
quan ti ngi nhn khi c mt la chn chnh xc trong chui v
khng c lch tn s. Hnh 3.14 cho thy kt qu tng quan
ngi nhn khi c mt la chn chnh xc ca chui vi lch 15
KHz.
15
16
Y
X
Nghch o c lng ca knh ny c th thay th trong
chui nhn c. Hnh 3.17 cho thy min thi gian ca cc knh
thc t v knh c lng v hnh 3.18 cho thy min tn s ca cc
knh thc t v knh c lng.
H
17
Kt thc ca cc bc trn, UE bit c:
1. Bin ca Symbol.
2. H s gc ca Cell.
3. nh thi khung con (trong phn 4.1 m t trong h thng
FDD, PSS c truyn trong cc khung con 0 v khung con 5. V
vy, vi s pht hin ca PSS, UE bit n c ng b vi mt
trong hai khung con ny. Cho d l khung con 0 hay khung con 5
th n cng c th ng b nh thi khung m n s c thc hin
vi s pht hin ca SSS)
4. c lng knh truyn.
3.4.2. D tm tn hiu ng b th cp (SSS)
thun tin cho vic m phng, by gi ta gi s UE pht
hin PSS trong khung con 0. V vy, SSS by gi s l:
18
(2)
c bit t PSS, m an xen c0 (n) c xc nh t
NID
UE v c th xc nh c tn hiu thu c.
19
y, m0 l gi tr cha c xc nh. N c th c tm
thy t bng 3.2 vi c hai m0 v m1 c gi tr nm t 0 n 30. V
vy by gi UE so snh tng quan vi cc tn hiu khi phc bng
30 bn sao ca s0( m0 ) ra quyt nh la chn ph hp. Hnh 3.20
cho thy kt qu b tng quan vi nhng chui la chn ph hp
vi thnh phn chn s0 v hnh 3.21 cho thy kt qu b tng quan
vi nhng chui la chn khng ph hp vi thnh phn chn ca s0
20
21
Da vo phng trnh ny ta nhn ra nhng vn sau:
5. UE c xc nh nm trong khung con 0, c0 c bit t
UE, m0 c xc nh t s0 . S dng cc gi tr ny, ta khi phc
c chui z1 .
6. Lc ny c1 cng c th c khi phc bng cch s dng
(2)
chui bit ca NID
.
7. Dng chui s1 so snh tng quan vi 30 chui nhn c
u thu tm ra gi tr ng v t tm ra gi tr m1 (k hiu l
M).
8. Nhng ti u thu vn cha xc nh c gi tr ny nm
trong khung con 0 hay khung con 1. Lc ny n s s dng gi tr M
(1)
v M t cc bc trn v pht hin ra c gi tr ca NID
t bng
4.2.
9. Trong phn m phng ny, m0 = 25 v m1 = 26. Hnh
3.22 cho thy kt qu tng quan ca mt la chn chnh xc ca
phn l ca tn hiu s1 v hnh 4.23 cho thy kt qu ca mt chui
la chn sai ca phn l ca chui truyn s1 .
22
m0 = 25 v m1 = 26
(1)
T bng 3.2 ta rt ra: NID
= 25.
V vy by gi gi tr ca nhn dng Cell l:
cell
(1)
(2)
NID
3NID
NID
cell
NID
3*25 0 75
Vi s xc nh ny th UE cng ng thi xc nh c gi
tr ca khung con m mnh cha trong . Nh vy l chng ta cng
hon thnh vic ng b thi gian ca khung.
Kt thc cc bc ny, UE c:
1.
2.
23
3.
Cell v tuyn.
3.5.
KT LUN CHNG
Qua vic nghin cu v cc tn hiu ng b, ng dng chui
24
v gii iu ch chui con ti b thu. Trong h thng SC-FDMA,
chng ta s dng chui CAZAC cho c lng knh truyn. c
lng knh truyn quan trng trong vic gim thiu hiu ng ca
knh bng cch s dng mt b cn bng knh.
Nghin cu v lm r cc thuc tnh ca chui Zadoff
Chu cho thy nhng thuc tnh tng quan ca n khin n tr
thnh mt la chn hiu qu cho tn hiu ng b s cp. Ngoi ra
lun vn cng nghin cu cc vn ca ng b thi gian v tn
s, c lng knh truyn v m phng cc th tc khc phc
nhng vn ny bng Matlab. Lun vn ny cung cp tm quan
trng ca ng b thi gian v tn s cho vic gii iu ch ti b
thu d liu.
2. Hng pht trin ca ti:
Lun vn p ng nhng yu cu ra trong vic tm kim
v ng b cell ca h thng LTE. Tuy nhin, lun vn ch mi dng
kha cnh tm kim ra Cell trong vng ph sng v ng b vo n.
iu ny xy ra hn ch l lm th no chn la v ng b li
c vi Cell ti u mi khi thit b di ng di chuyn trong vng
ph sng ca nhiu Cell cng mt lc v Cell ang kt ni khng
cn l Cell mnh nht trong vng ph sng na. cng chnh l
vn cn gii quyt nng cao cht lng ca mng di ng
tng lai.