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1.4.

1830,
.
1831
.
1881 Gustave Trouv.
DC 0.1hp -. 160kg.
. , 15 km/h 16km
. 20

1-8

1.4
La Jamais Contente Camille Jenatzy. 1899 100km/h
60miles/h.

.
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,
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2 1899 ( 1.4). ,
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64km/h. , 1960 .
1960 1970,

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1-10

, General Motors, Ford PSA Peugeot . ,

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(Ag-Zn) 512V Electrovair GM 308kg , ,
.
1970
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94-413 1976 ... (Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development and Demonstration Act of 1976). 1990
35000
1998 2% (Zero Emission Vehicles ZEVs). 5%
2001 10% 2003 . ZEVs 4%
2003 6% ZEVs ( ). ,
GM 14000 .

EV1 GM 106 Electric PSA,
1990
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, Toyota Prius Honda Insight.
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1-11

1.5.

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1960. ,
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1990
, . Ford (Ford
Hybrid Electric Vehicle Challenge)
. , Dodge, Renault,
Volkswagen, Toyota . ,
,

1-12


21 . 1997 Toyota Prius Honda Insight Civic.
. Toyota Prius
Honda Insight .

1.6.

(Fuel Cells)

1839 Sir William Grove ( Fuel Cell)

.
1889 , Charles Langer Ludwig Mond, fuel
cell
. .
1932
Francis Bacon, - ( ). , 1959 Bacon 5kW. Harry Karl Ihring
20 hp .
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.
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1-13