Kencing Tikus

(leptospirosis)

Cases of Leptospirosis in Malaysian Ministry of Health

Hospitals 2004 to 2009 (Report of Morbidity and Mortality for Patients
2004 to 2009, MOH Malaysia)

State

2004

2009

29 (4)

280 (19)

Selangor

16 (5)

208 (7)

Pahang

29 (1)

184 (5)

Kelantan

15 (1)

138 (4)

7 (1)

126 (9)

Kedah

15 (1)

106 (9)

Negeri Sembilan

27 (1)

91

Sarawak

32 (2)

70 (4)

Johor

30 (1)

59 (3)

WP KL

31

54

Sabah

13 (1)

35 (1)

32

Melaka

7 (1)

20 (1)

Perlis
NB
: ( ) Death

2 (1)

Perak

Highe
st

Terengganu

P Pinang

Case Cluster in Malaysia

Year

Place

Details

2000

Sabah

Eco-Challenge-Sabah
international
multisport
expedition race. US CDC found
80 out of 189 (42%) had
illnesses
that
met
case
definition
while
29
were
hospitalised
(Emerg Infect Dis 2003;9(6):702-7)

2010

Huran Lipur Lubuk

Yu, Maran

6 Deaths
(all
among

rescue

team

What is Leptospirosis?

A zoonotic disease
Caused by Leptospira interrogans
Geographically widespread
Most common in tropical and subtropical
areas with high rainfall
First detected in 1886 by Adolph Weil
Synonyms: Rat fever, mouse fever
& rice field fever

Reservoire of Infection

Rats
Dogs
Live stocks
Rodents including
rabbits
Wild animals
Cats

Leptospira interogans

Symptoms

Treatment ?

Antibiotics
Most effective if initiated within 1 week of disease onset
Mild:
treated as out-patient
given oral antibiotics
Drugs

Adult Dose

Children Dose

2 mg/kg/day in 2 equally
divided doses

Doxycycline

100mg bd

Amoxycillin

1g qid

10 25 mg/kg tds

Ampicillin

1g qid

10 25mg/kg qid

Erythromycin

250 - 500 mg qid

10 - 25 mg/kg qid