Soran University

Faculty Of Science and

Engineering
Dpt Of Petroleum Eng

Drilling
Supervisor:Mohamadamin daneshwar

Prepared By:
Rawkar Rashed
Sivar Mohsin
Haryad qahar
Amanj adil

Introduction
Drilling is easily most common
machining process. One estimate
is that %75 of all metal cutting
material removed comes from
drilling operations. Drilling is
creation of holes that are right
circular cylinder we can call it
drilling is a cutting process.

What is drilling process?

After we found a reservoir we need to start
the process, we should first create a hole by
bit on the end of drill and we start casing
process in the hole after that we start
cementing, then we use casing and
cementing again until we find oil and gas.

Drilling Method
Any drilling method must meet two requirements:
(1) a means of breaking or abrading the formations
to be penetrated
(2) a means of removing the cuttings or the rock
fragments which are produced in the
drilling operation.

Today, the two most widely used drilling

methods are:
Cable-tool.
Rotary drilling

Cable Tool
In the cable-tool method, drilling is
accomplished
by lowering a wire line or cable into the
hole. On
the end of the line is a heavy chisel-shaped
piece of
steel called the drilling bit.

Rotary drilling
Rotary drilling uses a sharp, rotating drill bit to dig
down through the Earth's crust.
The spinning of the drill bit allows for penetration of
even the hardest rock.

Rotary Drilling Process

Rotary table rotates the drill string
Downward force applied to the bit
Cuttings are lifted to the surface by
circulating a fluid down
the drill string.

Drilling Rig
A drilling rig is a machine which
creates holes in the ground.
Drilling rigs are classified as:
1) Onshore (land)
2) Offshore (Marine)

Offshore

Onshore

Mobile Rig

Jackup

Three principal types of bits are used

in a rotary drilling operation:

(1) Drag of fish-tail bits

(2) Rolling cutter bits more commonly called rock
bits,
(3) Diamond bits. Most drilling bits are rock bits.

The Mud
The drilling fluid can be liquid, commonly called
mud, or it can be air,
natural gas, or foam.
In addition to removing the cuttings from the well,
the drilling fluid serves
to lubricate the bit and drill string.
And, if it is mud, to prevent the flow of pore fluids
into the well bore and to
help stabilize the bore hole through its density and
other properties.