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    Cosmic Model Machine Model Organic Model

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    elissiar
    This document outlines three models of urban form: the cosmic, machine, and organic models. The cosmic model views the city as mirroring religious and cosmic symbolism, with sacred centers and axes. It values order, hierarchy, and perfection. The machine model sees the city as a functional system of efficiently allocated parts, valuing simplicity, economy, and autonomy. The organic model views the city as a purposeful, dynamic organism that is close to nature, emphasizing cooperation, diversity, and balance. Lynch objects that the machine model is inhumane and masks social dominance, while the organic model does not account for purpose, culture, or a city's ability to change.

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    Cosmic Model Machine Model Organic Model

    Uploaded by

    elissiar
    74 views1 page
    This document outlines three models of urban form: the cosmic, machine, and organic models. The cosmic model views the city as mirroring religious and cosmic symbolism, with sacred centers and axes. It values order, hierarchy, and perfection. The machine model sees the city as a functional system of efficiently allocated parts, valuing simplicity, economy, and autonomy. The organic model views the city as a purposeful, dynamic organism that is close to nature, emphasizing cooperation, diversity, and balance. Lynch objects that the machine model is inhumane and masks social dominance, while the organic model does not account for purpose, culture, or a city's ability to change.

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    lynch

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    Lynch

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    This document outlines three models of urban form: the cosmic, machine, and organic models. The cosmic model views the city as mirroring religious and cosmic symbolism, with sacred centers and axes. It values order, hierarchy, and perfection. The machine model sees the city as a functional system of efficiently allocated parts, valuing simplicity, economy, and autonomy. The organic model views the city as a purposeful, dynamic organism that is close to nature, emphasizing cooperation, diversity, and balance. Lynch objects that the machine model is inhumane and masks social dominance, while the organic model does not account for purpose, culture, or a city's ability to change.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    74 views1 page

    Cosmic Model Machine Model Organic Model

    Uploaded by

    elissiar
    This document outlines three models of urban form: the cosmic, machine, and organic models. The cosmic model views the city as mirroring religious and cosmic symbolism, with sacred centers and axes. It values order, hierarchy, and perfection. The machine model sees the city as a functional system of efficiently allocated parts, valuing simplicity, economy, and autonomy. The organic model views the city as a purposeful, dynamic organism that is close to nature, emphasizing cooperation, diversity, and balance. Lynch objects that the machine model is inhumane and masks social dominance, while the organic model does not account for purpose, culture, or a city's ability to change.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 1

    Cosmic model

    Machine model

    Organic model

    Definition

    Definition

    Definition

    Magical correspondence
    between urban form and
    religious/cosmic
    symbolism. Mirror of
    the universe.

    Functional;
    practical; sum of its
    parts.

    City as autonomous
    organism; purposeful
    and dynamic whole;
    form and function are
    indissolubly linked.

    Physical Features
    Physical Features
    Well-fitted settings.
    Sacred center; axes
    radiating from center;
    encircling enclosure
    with protective gates;
    diverse meanings of the
    cardinal directions.

    Norms/Values
    Functional and
    normative: The use of
    site and form to symbolize and reinforce power.
    Stability of the whole;
    order; hierarchy; each
    part fused into a
    perfectly-ordered whole.

    Physical Features
    Orderly square grid;
    small, undifferentiated
    parts linked together;
    segregation of noxious
    activities.

    Norms/Values
    Explicit rationality:
    Allocates land and
    resources quickly and
    provides welldistributed access to
    them. Simplicity;
    economy; broad choice;
    autonomous parts linked
    together; no wider
    meaning than sum of its
    parts.

    Radial patterns or
    organic shapes with
    definite boundaries;
    optimum size; focused
    centers; greenbelts. The
    tree is the admired
    model.

    Norms/Values
    Close to nature.
    Emphasizes cooperation,
    not competition;
    dynamic homeostatic
    balance;
    interdependence;
    diversity; intimate scale;
    continuity.

    Lynchs objections
    Lynchs objection
    Exhibits the cold
    devices of power.

    There must be more to a


    city than this!
    Practical, not aesthetic
    or humane.
    Machine metaphor often
    masks a form of social
    dominance: Pressure for
    standardization;
    tendency to isolate.

    Lynchs objections
    Cities are not
    autonomous or run
    through life-cycles;
    optimum city size
    elusive; stability
    difficult to maintain.
    Doesnt incorporate
    purpose and culture, and
    ability to learn and
    change.

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