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ZBrushWorkshops Anatomy of Face V1 Skull Beta 2
ZBrushWorkshops Anatomy of Face V1 Skull Beta 2
by Ryan Kingslien
with Nicholas Breslow
by Ryan Kingslien
YOUSCULPT
Acknowledgements
Sculpting the face is one of the hardest things to do.
Table of Contents
The Beginnings
Overview
Landmarks
Skull: Proportions
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19
21
33
42
50
56
Reference Check
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60
63
64
65
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34
The Beginnings
Overview
Welcome to the Anatomy of the Face Volume 1, The Skull. The goal of this
book is to be a companion to the workshop at ZBrushWorkshops that goes
by the same name. However, it can also be enjoyed separately is contains
almost all of the steps the workshops does.
The layout of the face relies more on the bones of the skull and face than
the muscles. Which is why we start this series with a book on the skull.
Once you master the skull you are better prepared to tackle the face and
handle all of its complexity.
I do my best to guide you each step of the way with schematic drawings and
step by step sculpting instructions in ZBrush. I hope you enjoy!
Landmarks
Lets start by looking at some landmarks. These will be the guide posts we
see as we race around doing our best sculpting the face.
Skull: Proportions
Lets analyze some reference and see if we can find
common units of measurements. In this case we are
going to look for halfs, thirds and eigths.
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11
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12. Snap the viewport to a front view by SHIFT+ClickDrag on the canvas. Use the TrimFront Brush to
remove the front excess. Start the stroke above the
bulge and gesture downward.
13. Snap the viewport to a side view by SHIFT+ClickDrag on the canvas. The jaw line needs revision.
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15. Snap the viewport to a front view by SHIFT+ClickDrag on the canvas. The width of the head needs to
be adjusted from 1 to .75 units.
17. Pull the handle that extends past the model by its
outer ring back up to the bottom edge of the head.
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24. Now its time to Relax the mesh and remove any
stretched polygons.Set the model to its highest
subdivision level and then set Tool\Deformation\
Relax with a moderate value of 20 to make the
topology easier to work with.
26. Snap into side view and evaluate the chin for
repositioning.
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Progress Check
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5. The jaw will sit inside the cheekbone. Pull the jaw in
using the Move Brush. Catch some of the area above
the mask to define the temporal bone.
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29
However, its not easy to understand. There are a lot of complex curves and
the form can be misleading.
To help understand it we will look at the four different quadrants of the
inner corner and look at each in-depth. This makes it easier to understand
and break down the form into simple and easy to reproduce structures.
Before we do that, though, I want to take two detours to make sure we are
familiar with the supraorbital margin, the infraorbital margin and the planes
of the face.
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Supraorbital Margin
- Supra Above, higher level
Infraorbital Margin
- Infra Below, lower level
- Margin Rim
- Margin Rim
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Notice how the inferior orbital margin flows right up to the glabella. It fans
out to form the two triangular sections, then the rectangular sections.
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Side View:
2. Toggle Perspective OFF Hotkey P and Shift+ClickDrag to a side view. Mask out the front of the nasal
cavity to prevent it from shifting while altering the
inferior orbital margin using the Move Brush.
There should be a clear separation between the
zygomatic and the maxilla, and space to account
for the nasal bone and its side plane.
3. Using the Trim Dynamic Brush, establish the side and
front planes of nasal bone. Round off the transition
between the two planes.
Result:
35
After:
36
Contour:
Planar transitions:
37
12. Refine the area using the Clay and Trim Dynamic
Brushes to adjust the glabella so it lines up slightly
inward of the lacrimal bone.
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Front View:
40
After:
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Mastoid Process
Occipital Bone
Occipital Protuberance
Parietal Bone
Superior Nucle
Inferior Nucle
Halfway point ( Side View) is the hold for the ear and
jaw.
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Side View:
Result of sulpt:
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10. Use the Trim Front Brush to flatten the base of the
stalk.
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Skull: Corrections
Its time to do some corrections. I always take a moment
to correct my work and build that into my workflow.
1. With Perspective on evaluate the position of
the cheek bone relative to the brow. Use the
Move Brush to properly position the cheekbone
(European) in a side view.
Cheekbone more in-line with the brow is typical of a
person of Asian descent:
Cheekbone further back from the brow is typical of a
person of European descent:
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3. Viewed from a low angle, the consistent curvedplane of the brow may have become distorted
when making adjustments. Use the Move Brush to
bring the overhang back in place and re-establish a
consistent brow plane.
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view:
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Reference Check
Time to check the sculpt against the reference. to do
this I use Spotlight.
1. Enable Spotlight using Hotkey SHIFT+Z. Select the
side view of the skull as a reference image and
position it in the viewport at roughly the same scale
and position as the model.
Use the Spotlight Controller to lower the reference
image opacity by clicking the Opacity Icon and
dragging it counter clockwise around the ring.
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Results:
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Creating Teeth
ShadowBox will be used to create an incisor-like and a
molar-like template from which to sculpt all of the teeth.
Open Lightbox Hotkey , and load the Tool \Shadowbox
28.ZTL file. Draw the shadowbox in the viewport and
enter Edit Mode Hotkey T. Disable Perspective Hotkey
P and snap the viewport to the Back view of the
shadowbox template.
Incisor Template
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Side view:
Molar Template
1. Create the molar template second using the same
techniques used to make the incisor version. Sculpt
the molar to resemble the image to the left.
Positioning Teeth
1. Return to the working file containing the skull
and jaw and enable Transparency. Tools\SubTool\
Append both templates to the working file. Resize
them one at a time using Deformation\Size with a
value of -100 (twice) to bring them to approximately
the correct size in relation to the skull.
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Mirroring Teeth
1. Mirror this half-set over to the other side using
ZPlugin\SubTool Master.
2. Select Mirror in the SubTool Master operation list.
3. Set the Mirror options to Merge into one SubTool
and X Axis (left to right) and select OK.
Result:
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