SPLINES

1- Linear ( 1st order )

            16-4

2‐ Quadratic  ( 2nd Order ) 

   
 
3- Natural Cubic Spline

   
Or

   
 

   
 

Natural Clamped Spline

  

 
Example:
Given the data
n x y
1 3 2.5
2 4.5 1.0
3 7 2.5
4 9 0.5
5 11 2

1- Fit Natural cubic spline to evaluate y(5) – 2 intervls.

2- Fit Natural cubic spline to evaluate y(5) – 3 intervls.
3- Fit Natural cubic spline to evaluate y(5) – 4 intervls.

 Solution:

1- 2 intervals Î sets of data points required.

Interval x y Remark
1  3 2.5 y2
4.5 1 y3
2  7 2.5 y4

Matrix formulation

Since h1 = 4.5 – 3 = 1.5, h2 = 7- 4.5 = 2.5

Solving the equation, we have

.
@x=5 Î i=2

.    
.  
.
  .  
.
. .

Therefore .

2- 3 intervals Î sets of data points required.

Interval x y Remark
1  3 1 y2
4.5 2.5 y3
2  7 2.5 y4
3  0.5 Y5
9

Matrix formulation

.     , .    ,

.
Therefore  
.

@x=5 Î i=2
 .  
.
.
.   .   .
. .   .
. .
 
.

Therefore .

3- 4 intervals Î sets of data points required.

Interval x y Remark
1  3 1 y2
4.5 2.5 y3
2  7 2.5 y4
3  0.5 y5
9
4  11 2 Y6

Matrix formulation

.     , .    , ,   

.
Therefore   .
.
@x=5 Î i=2

.  
.
.
.   .   .
. .   .
. .
 
.

Therefore .

Or

   
 
Were @ x = 5 Î i = 2
. .
.
.

.
.

. . . . .
 = -0.9167
.

 1

 
. . .  
. . .  
.  
 3

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Data Points
Interpolant Function
Desired Value

 
 Multidimensional Interpolation
“Bilinear Interpolation”
y
f(x1,y2) f(x2,y2)
  y2
 

  f(xi,yi)

  yi 
 

y1 f(x1,y1) f(x2,y1)
 

  X1  Xi                    X2  X

y

y2
yi
y1
X1 Xi X2
X
Example:
Temperatures at the surface of plate
T(2,1) = 60, T(2,6) = 55
T(9,1) = 57.5, T(9,6) = 70
Estimate the temperature at x = 5.25, and y = 4.8
Solution:
For Bilinear Interpolation

,   , ,
  

, ,

16-32
xi = 5.25, x1 = 2, x2 = 9, yi = 4.8, y1 = 1, y2 = 6
, , , . , , , ,
Therefore,
. , . .