Earth Pressure Coefficients - Active Earth Pressure, Passive

Earth Pressure
Retaining structures:
The structure used to retain or support the material/soil is called retaining
structure. e,g retaining walls, which may be of RCC, brick or stone masonry or
sheet piling etc

Retaining walls:
A retaining wall is a structure designed to sustain the material pressure of earth or other materials as
grains, ores, etc

Surcharge:
The material which lie above the horizontal level of the retaining structure is known as surcharge.
The angle which this material makes with the retaining wall is called surcharge angle.