Dyes

Pigments

Solubility

Soluble in many liquids

Number
Lightfastness

Available in large number

Lower dyes are very much vulnerable.
Lights destroy colored objects by
breaking open electronic bonding
within the molecule
Lower as compared to pigments
Dye molecules are comparatively
smaller; its like comparing a football
(pigment) to say a head of a pin (dye)

Insoluble in water and most of the

solvents
Comparatively lesser in number
Traditionally pigments have been found
to be more lightfast than dyes

Product resistance
Size

Bonding

Imparting colors

Dye molecules have electrostatic

charges that serve as a method for
attaching the dye to theconcrete
Dyes can impart color by selective
absorption of the dyes

Combustible Properties
Chemical Composition

Combustible
Organic compounds

Longevity

Do not last as long as pigments

Very high
Pigment particles are about 1-2
microns in size. It means that the
particles can be seen under a
magnifying glass
Pigment requires the help if a binder for
gluing. As it is an inert substance which
si merely suspended in a carrier/binder
Pigments impart colors by either
scattering of light or by selective
absorption
Non-combustible
Normally inorganic compounds, often
involving heavy toxic metals
Last longer than dyes

REFRACTIVE INDEX
In optics, the refractive index or index of refraction n of a material is a dimensionless number that describes
how light propagates through that medium. It is defined as

where c is the speed of light in vacuum and v is the speed of light in the medium. For example, the refractive
index of water is 1.333, meaning that light travels 1.333 times faster in a vacuum than it does in water.
The refractive index determines how much light is bent, or refracted, when entering a material. This is the first
documented use of refractive indices and is described by Snell's law of refraction, n1 sin1 = n2 sin2,
where 1 and 2 are the angles of incidence and refraction, respectively, of a ray crossing the interface between
two media with refractive indices n1 and n2. The refractive indices also determine the amount of light that
is reflected when reaching the interface, as well as the critical angle for total internal reflection and
Brewster's angle