GROUP MEMBERS:

1-MOHAMAD AMIR IKHWAN BIN MOHD ZAUPI (2015853754)

2-MUHAMMAD IZZAT IRFAN BIN ZAABA (2015835228)
3-MUHAMMAD ILMI IRHAM BIN MOHD ZASUKI (2015828538)
4-NURLINA BINTI HARIDAN (2015883418)
5-NURUL HIDAYAH BINTI AZMI (2015807812)
6-FARAH SYAHINDAH BINTI ZIL HUSHAM (2015817344)

INTRODUCTION
LEVELLING
TRAVERSE
TACHEOMETRY
SETTING OUT

LEVELLING
Levelling is the measurement process to determine different height to or more points relative earth
surface by using selected datum .

TRAVERSE
There are two types of Traverse:
Open Traverse
Closed Traverse
Closed Traverse
Start with one known station and end with the same station
The coordinates of the starting station and end station must be same
Open Traverse
The measurement starts with one known station and end points are not in the same station.
The Traverse maybe has one known coordinates (a station)

TACHEOMETRY
Tacheometry is an optical solution to the measurement of distance
It is a branch of surveying where the heights and distances between ground marks are obtained by
optical means only
The word is derived from Greek Tacns, meaning swift , and metrot, meaning a measure. It also
can be described as detail surveys
The optical properties of the telescope

SETTING OUT
The establishment of the marks and lines to define the position and level of the elements for the
construction work so that works may proceed with reference to them
Mistakes in setting out can be costly
3 parties involve:
Employer
Engineer
Contractor

AIM AND OBJECTIVE

LEVELLING

AIM AND OBJECTIVE

TRAVERSE
DETAIL SURVEY
- A traverse network of survey line and ground marks provides control points which can be
accurately plotted in a map or plan. Collect all information of an object on the earth surface
(natural or man made features)
SETTING OUT
- Set out the position of road,building,or other new construction
- Pegs can then be set out on the ground from the traverse to defne the position of such new work.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE

TACHEOMETRY
Performed to measure the three dimensional location of points on the landscape.
To produce a contour and detail plane for large surface
To produce coordinates, reduce level and distances (horizontal & vertical) for area and volume
calculations.
To get an accurate measurement for huge data points

AIM AND OBJECTIVE

SETTING OUT
AIM
To position the works in their correct relative and absolute positions and to ensure that they proceed
smoothly.This will reduce the cost
OBJECTIVE
Must be correct in all 3 dimensions for both relatively and absolutely
a.

Correct size

b.

In it correct plan position

c.

As its correct reduced level

. Do in quickly and with little or no delay

INSTRUMENT

INSTRUMENT
LEVELLING- Auto level,staff,tripod,levelling
bubble,measuring tape
TRAVERSE- Theodolite,prismatic
compass,tripod,measuring tape
TACHEOMETRY- Theodolite,tripod,levelling
bubble,staff,measuring tape
SETTING OUT- Theodolite,ranging pole,measuring tape

METHODOLOGY
LEVELLING
Set up the auto level near the temporary benchmark (TBM), and record the reading of the TBM
using levelling staff. The reading of the TBM is called back sight (BS).
Turn the auto level and the second staff is called fore sight (FS).
Record the reading of the FS.
Then repeat all this steps until the levelling staff reach the station 1 .
For our site,station 1 become the intermediate site ( IS) and station 2 become FS.
Record all the reading.
After finish record all the reading, the station 2 become the BS because we turn back to TBM.
Then, repeat until reach the TBM.

METHODOLOGY
TRAVERSE
Create the survey site and measure each line not more than 20 m and same as other traverse.
The station must be available to observe all the detail surrounding.
Set up the pickets for each station ( station 1 until station 4 ) .
Using the prismatic compass to get the datum from station 1 to 2 .
Set back bearing from station 2 to station 1 using the datum.
Get the bearing from station 2 to station 3.
Record the horizontal and vertical angle.
Use the face right for the checking .
Measure the slope distance
Change the station to station 3 .
Repeat all this steps until finish

METHODOLOGY
TACHEOMETRY
Use the same data from the traverse.
Divide the length of the line 20 m and get each distance 5m.Mark the 5m distance using flag.
Set up the theodolite at station 2.
Measure the instrument high .
Turn the theodolite clockwise from station 1 to station 2.
Read and record the vertical angle and horizontal angle.
Repeat the process until last station.

METHODOLOGY
SETTING OUT
Use the plotting data for setting out.
Set then theodolite at station 2 and set the bearing
Find the bearing using theodolite and measure the distance using measuring tape.
Use a ranging pole as a direction to find the point.
Mark the point using pigs. Repeat the process until last point of setting out.
Then, tied up the rope at every stations of the pickets.

RESULT

RESULT
Arithmetic checking
Total BS Total FS= Total Rise Total Fall =
7.421-7.416
0.005 =

0.982-0.977
0.005

Last RL 1st RL
25.005-25.000

0.005

RESULT

RESULT

RESULT
Misclosure = 263 00 ^' 30 ^''-26300'00''
= 0000'30''
Correction

= 0000'30'' / 4

= 00 00 ^' 7.5''
Therefore, each point must -00 00 ^' 7.5''

RESULT

RESULT
Linear error = ( (Latiude) ^2+ (Departure) ^2 )
= ( (0.001) ^2+ (0.001) ^2 )
= 0.001
Accuracy

= Linear error / Total distance

= 0.001 / 79.977
= 1 : 79977

CONCLUSION