FDM Analog Hierarchy

A voice frequency (VF) or voice band is one of the

frequencies, within part of the audio range,that is
used for the transmission of speech. In telephony, the
usable voice frequency band ranges from
approximately 300 Hz to 3400 Hz.
LEVEL
Basic Group
Basic Supergroup
Basic Mastergroup
Jumbogroup
Super jumbogroup

No. of VB Channel
12
60 (5 Groups)
600 (10 Supergroups)
3600 (3 Mastergrops)
10800 (3 Jumbogroups)

100 beams
Each at 16 Gbps
Giving 1 terabit per econd (Tbps)

Comercial systems of 160 channels of 10 Gbps

now available

Lab systems (Alcatel) 256 channels at 39.8 Gbps

each

10.1 Tbps
Over 100 km

(Prisms in wavelength-division multiplexing and

demultiplexing)

Time-division Multiplexing (TDM)

Wave-division Multiplexing (WDM)

Designed to use the high-data-rate capability of

fiber-optic cable
An analog multiplexing technique to combine

Digital multiplexing technique for combining

several low-rate digital channels into one highrate one

optical signals

A form of FDM

Each color of light (wavelength) carries separate

data channel
Multiple beams of light at different frequency

Synchronous Time-division Multiplexing

Each color of light (wavelength) carries separate

data channel

1997 Bell Labs

The data rate of the link is n times faster, and the

unit duration is n times smaller.

Data rate of medium exceeds data rate of digital

signals to be transmitted
Multiple signals interleaved in time
May be at bit level of blocks