Chapter 2 - Section A - Mathcad Solutions

2.1 (a)

Mwt := 35 kg

g := 9.8

z := 5 m

s
Work := Mwt g z
(b)

Work = 1.715 kJ Ans.

Utotal := Work

Utotal = 1.715 kJ

Ans.

dU + d ( PV) = CP dT

(c) By Eqs. (2.14) and (2.21):

Since P is constant, this can be written:

MH2O CP dT = MH2O dU + MH2O P dV

Take Cp and V constant and integrate: MH2O CP (t 2 t 1) = U total
kJ
t1 := 20 degC
CP := 4.18
MH2O := 25 kg
kg degC
t2 := t 1 +

U total
MH2O CP

t2 = 20.02 degC

Ans.

(d) For the restoration process, the change in internal energy is equal but of
opposite sign to that of the initial process. Thus
Q := Utotal
(e)

Q = 1.715 kJ

Ans.

In all cases the total internal energy change of the universe is zero.

2.2 Similar to Pb. 2.1 with mass of water = 30 kg.

Answers are:

(a) W = 3.43 kJ
(b) Internal energy change of
the water = 2.86 kJ
(c) Final temp. = 20.027 deg C
(d) Q = -2.86 kJ
5

2.4

The electric power supplied to the motor must equal the work done by the
motor plus the heat generated by the motor.
i := 9.7amp

E := 110V

Wdotmech := 1.25hp

Wdotelect := i E

Wdotelect = 1.067 10 W

Qdot := Wdotelect Wdotmech

2.5

Qdot = 134.875 W

Ans.

Eq. (2.3): U = Q + W
Step 1 to 2:

Step 3 to 4:

Ut12 := 200J

W12 := 6000J

Q12 := Ut12 W12

Q12 = 5.8 10 J

Ans.

Q34 := 800J

W34 := 300J

Ut34 := Q34 + W34

Ut34 = 500 J

Ans.

Step 1 to 2 to 3 to 4 to 1: Since U is a state function, U for a series of

steps that leads back to the initial state must be zero. Therefore, the sum of
t

the U values for all of the steps must sum to zero.

Ut41 := 4700J
Ut23 = 4000 J
Step 2 to 3:

Ut23 := Ut12 Ut34 Ut41

Ans.
3

Ut23 = 4 10 J

Q23 := 3800J

W23 := Ut23 Q 23

W23 = 200 J

Ans.

For a series of steps, the total work done is the sum of the work done for each
step.
W12341 := 1400J
6

W41 := W12341 W12 W23 W34

Step 4 to 1:

Note:
2.11

2.12

Ans.

Ut41 := 4700J

W41 = 4.5 10 J

Q41 := Ut41 W41

Q41 = 200 J

Ans.

Q12341 = W12341

The enthalpy change of the water = work done.

kJ
kg degC

M := 20 kg

CP := 4.18

Wdot := 0.25 kW

:=

Q := 7.5 kJ

U := 12 kJ

U := 12 kJ
2.13

W41 = 4.5 10 J

t := 10 degC

M CP t

= 0.929 hr

Wdot

Ans.

W := U Q

Q := U

W = 19.5 kJ

Ans.

Q = 12 kJ

Ans.

Subscripts: c, casting; w, water; t, tank. Then

mc Uc + mw Uw + mt Ut = 0
Let C represent specific heat,

C = CP = CV

Then by Eq. (2.18)

mc Cc tc + mw C w t w + mt Ct t t = 0
mc := 2 kg
Cc := 0.50

mw := 40 kg
kJ
kg degC

tc := 500 degC
Given

mt := 5 kg

Ct := 0.5
t1 := 25 degC

kJ
kg degC

Cw := 4.18

t2 := 30 degC

kJ
kg degC

(guess)

mc Cc ( t 2 tc) = (mw Cw + mt Ct) ( t 2 t1)

t2 := Find ( t2)
7

t2 = 27.78 degC

Ans.

kJ
kg K

mass := 1 kg

CV := 4.18

(a)

T := 1K

Ut := mass C V T

(b)

g := 9.8

2.15

Ut = 4.18 kJ

Ans.

EP := Ut

s
z :=

(c)

2.17

EP
z = 426.531 m Ans.

mass g

EK

EK := Ut

u :=

z := 50m

:= 1000

u = 91.433

1
mass
2
kg
3

u := 5

m
2
D
4

A :=

m
s

mdot := u A

mdot = 1.571 10

A = 3.142 m
4 kg

s
3

(b)

Ans.

D := 2m

Wdot := mdot g z Wdot = 7.697 10 kW

2.18 (a)

m
s

Ans.
3

kJ
U1 := 762.0
kg

P1 := 1002.7 kPa

H1 := U 1 + P1 V 1

H1 = 763.131

kJ
kg

cm
V1 := 1.128
gm
Ans.

kJ
U2 := 2784.4
kg

P2 := 1500 kPa

cm
V2 := 169.7
gm

H2 := U 2 + P2 V 2

U := U 2 U1

H := H 2 H1

U = 2022.4

kJ
kg

H = 2275.8

Ans.

kJ
kg

Ans.

D1 := 2.5cm

2.22

u1 := 2

m
s

D2 := 5cm

For an incompressible fluid, =constant. By a mass balance,

mdot = constant = u1A 1 = u2A2.

(a)

D1
u2 := u1
D2
EK :=

(b)

u2 = 0.5

1 2 1 2
u2 u1
2
2

m
s

EK = 1.875

Ans.
J
kg

Ans.

mdot3 H 3 ( mdot1 H 1 + mdot2 H 2) = Qdot

2.23 Energy balance:

mdot3 mdot1 mdot2 = 0

Mass balance:

mdot1 ( H 3 H1) + mdot2 ( H 3 H2) = Qdot

Therefore:

mdot C p ( T3 T1) + mdot2 CP ( T3 T2) = Qdot

or

T3 C P ( mdot1 + mdot2) = Qdot + mdot1 CP T1 + mdot2 C P T2

mdot1 := 1.0

kg
s

kJ
Qdot := 30
s
T3 :=

T1 := 25degC

mdot2 := 0.8

kg
s

T2 := 75degC

kJ
kg K

CP := 4.18

Qdot + mdot1 CP T1 + mdot2 CP T2

(mdot1 + mdot2) CP

T3 = 43.235 degC

By continuity,
incompressibility

u
H +
= 0
2
A1
u2 = u1
A2

A1 2
u = u1 1
A2

D1 4
u = u1 1
D2

2.25 By Eq. (2.32a):

H = CP T
CP := 4.18

kJ
kg degC

Ans.

u1 := 14

SI units:

m
s

D1 := 2.5 cm

4
D1
T :=
1
2 CP
D2

u1

D2 := 3.8 cm

T = 0.019 degC

Ans.

T = 0.023 degC

Ans.

D2 := 7.5cm
4
D1
T :=
1
2 CP
D2

u1

Maximum T change occurrs for infinite D2:

D2 := cm
4
D1
T :=
1
2 CP
D2

u1

2.26 T1 := 300K

T2 := 520K

Wsdot := 98.8kW

T = 0.023 degC

ndot := 50

H := C P ( T2 T1)

m
s

u1 := 10
kmol
hr

u2 := 3.5
CP :=

m
s

Ans.

molwt := 29

kg
kmol

7
R
2

3 kJ

H = 6.402 10

kmol

By Eq. (2.30):

u22 u12

Qdot := H +

molwt ndot Wsdot Qdot = 9.904 kW Ans.

2

u
H =
2 gc

2.27 By Eq. (2.32b):

By continunity,
constant area

u2 = u1

V2

u2 = u1

V1

T2 P1 2
u = u1 1
T1 P2

also
T 2 P1

T 1 P2

H = CP T =

10

V2
V1

T 2 P1

T 1 P2

u = u2 u1
7
R ( T2 T1)
2

P1 := 100 psi
R = 3.407

P2 := 20 psi
ft lbf

molwt := 28

mol rankine

T2 := 578 rankine

u1 := 21

ft
s

T1 := 579.67 rankine

gm
mol

(guess)

u1 T2 P1
7
R ( T 2 T 1) =
1 molwt
2
2 T1 P2

Given

T2 := Find ( T2)

T2 = 578.821 rankine

Ans.

(119.15 degF)

2.28 u1 := 3

m
s

u2 := 200

m
s

H1 := 334.9
2

By Eq. (2.32a):

m
s
m
u2 := 500
s

2.29 u1 := 30

By Eq. (2.32a):

u2 u1
Q := H 2 H1 +
2

H1 := 3112.5

kJ
kg

H2 := 2726.5

kJ
kg

Q = 2411.6

H2 := 2945.7

kJ
kg

kJ
kg

Ans.

kJ
kg

(guess)
2

Given
u2 = 578.36

H2 H 1 =
m
s

u1 u2

u2 := Find ( u2)

Ans.
3

D1 := 5 cm

cm
V1 := 388.61
gm

Continuity:

D2 := D 1

u1 V 2
u2 V 1
11

cm
V2 := 667.75
gm
D2 = 1.493 cm

Ans.

2.30 (a)

t1 := 30 degC
CV := 20.8

By Eq. (2.19):

t2 := 250 degC

n := 3 mol

J
mol degC
Q := n CV ( t2 t 1)

Q = 13.728 kJ

Ans.

Take into account the heat capacity of the vessel; then

mv := 100 kg

cv := 0.5

kJ
kg degC

Q := ( mv cv + n C V) ( t 2 t1)
(b)

t1 := 200 degC
CP := 29.1

t2 := 40 degC

Ans.

n := 4 mol

joule
mol degC

By Eq. (2.23):
2.31 (a) t1 := 70 degF
CV := 5

Q = 11014 kJ

BTU
mol degF

Q := n CV ( t2 t 1)

Q := n CP ( t2 t 1)

Q = 18.62 kJ

t2 := 350 degF

n := 3 mol

By Eq. (2.19):
Q = 4200 BTU

Ans.

Take account of the heat capacity of the vessel:

mv := 200 lbm

cv := 0.12

Q := ( mv cv + n C V) ( t 2 t1)
(b) t1 := 400 degF
CP := 7

BTU
mol degF

Q := n CP ( t2 t 1)

BTU
lbm degF

Q = 10920 BTU

t2 := 150 degF

Ans.

n := 4 mol

By Eq. (2.23):
Q = 7000 BTU
12

Ans.

Ans.

2.33

H1 := 1322.6

BTU
lbm
3

H2 := 1148.6

ft
V2 := 78.14
lbm

2
D 1 u1
4
mdot :=
V1

mdot = 3.463 10

V2

2
D2
4

u2 = 22.997

Wdot := Ws mdot

ft
V1 := 9.25
lbm

2
D 1 u1
4
mdot :=
V1
u2 := mdot

V2

2
D2
4

D1 := 3 in

D2 := 10 in

sec

ft
sec

u2 u1

Eq. (2.32a): Ws := H 2 H1 +

BTU
lbm

ft
s

4 lb

H1 := 307

u1 := 10

ft
V1 := 3.058
lbm

u2 := mdot

2.34

BTU
lbm

Ws = 173.99

Wdot = 39.52 hp

H2 := 330

BTU
lbm

BTU
lb

Ans.

u1 := 20

ft
s

molwt := 44

ft
V2 := 0.28
lbm

D1 := 4 in

mdot = 679.263
u2 = 9.686

lb
hr

ft
sec

D2 := 1 in

Ws := 5360

BTU
lbmol

u2 u1
Ws
BTU
Eq. (2.32a): Q := H 2 H1 +

Q = 98.82
2
molwt
lbm
Qdot := mdot Q

Qdot = 67128
13

BTU
hr

Ans.

gm
mol

2.36

T1 := 300 K

V1 := 83.14

P := 1 bar

3
bar cm T1

mol K P

n :=

1 kg
gm
28.9
mol

n = 34.602 mol

cm
mol

V1 = 24942

2
W = n P dV = n P ( V1 V 2) = n P (V 1 3 V 1)
V
1

W := n P 2 V1

Whence

T 2 = T 1

Given:
CP := 29

V2
V1

= T 1 3

Q = 602.08 kJ

Q+W
n

U = 12.41

kJ
mol

Ans.

T2 := 3 T1

Whence

H := C P ( T2 T1)

joule
mol K

Q := n H
U :=

W = 172.61 kJ

H = 17.4

kJ
mol

Ans.

Ans.
Ans.

2.37 Work exactly like Ex. 2.10: 2 steps, (a) & (b). A value is required for PV/T,
namely R.
R = 8.314

J
mol K

(a) Cool at const V1 to P2

(b) Heat at const P2 to T2
Ta2 := T1

P2
P1

Tb := T2 Ta2

T1 := 293.15 K

T2 := 333.15 K

P1 := 1000 kPa

P2 := 100 kPa

CP :=

7
R
2

CV :=

5
R
2

Ta2 = 29.315 K
Tb = 303.835 K

14

Ta := Ta2 T1

Ta = 263.835 K

3 J

Hb := C P Tb

Hb = 8.841 10

Ua := C V Ta
V1 :=

R T1
P1

mol
3 J
Ua = 5.484 10
mol
3
3 m

V1 = 2.437 10

mol

V2 :=

R T2

m
V2 = 0.028
mol

P2

Ha := U a + V1 ( P2 P1)

Ha = 7.677 10

Ub := Hb P2 (V 2 V1)

Ub = 6.315 10

3 J

mol

3 J

U := Ua + U b

U = 0.831

kJ
mol

Ans.

H := Ha + H b

H = 1.164

kJ
mol

Ans.

15

mol