Inquiries into Korean Linguistics I bie by Sang-Oak Loe Sexton You Joe-Young Han ond Mabmot Enin Gok Inge io Koa igus 1 a Thachaksa‘Opening Address and Postseript Sang Oak Lee Preset of IHL, Soul Neto Unix ‘ee my gt ple a ono wee f oto on ibe eso ofthe oping ofthe 1h nema Caferense on Kee Linguist Clalit, Turkey. We wil ave see dos mecing among our mewhe fm seen eet tn isfing Tey Thee willbe ht For Lectures ap! 21 sess "he ICKL, del on Or 20,1975, one of te det Keren Tinguic Sects in he wot wit an itrtonal member, The Cll wl seb Sh aaiersey net ea Tas lest rsdn of ICKL. a the Gar Mastin ald at he Unvertyof Ono nly 2092 At hat tng. I pope the following hoe shor tem sea hat Thoped oa dri my two-year tm rest Fist of ll {pops oid «small miter conerence ween the Hees repr conten, waned vie ICKL mente with an oppo tet every ger Ata teh in Joly 2003, he Korn aor Compu ini Confess tld a he Technische Universe i Betin, Geraay aad te roeeigs fhe cnerence was pubs November 203, I 200, hope ICKL wil lamin cote in oon of 3 mir. ae ed hr oar Nees Unvertyn New Deli hala expe nt ang the cofern. ‘ccd, [proposal © et every eo © cue pemanet ofc fr the niin. ‘Doe out elas of he ICKL office thae have be wok af encom about te consent pesenation of records. In pil rewlon of hs oben, we pee an indeed west, April or 20, However, ICKL comin eed pce fr sumeout books, ual, an chal dace TCKL alo minis starve fr sting eri message rember heugh ‘ears tac a bts cn arn dy he ia serve by following the intactons pose a whl or > Io.Th, propa ore the mmr ofthe exstive oficanfr the pas of fot aod apart manage! of the Cie, Previously, the fou execute er (rsdn, Vice Pree Edlr-o-Chet sad Sere Tree) bad © ‘ll wit las reine 0 TERI Carenty shreare eh exec aie 8 ICKL: Presiden, Vie nid, Eerie Seceury Geen, Tres, Resarch Ping Ofer oletions Ofcr, nd Pale Rela Oise. A speci ‘cuss as tse plc won pring sear and objosve management ta 0 ‘Stoke fence well a amine im. Trt pe ht he rps mae Wo ears go have fr he mos yr Ben sxc io ul 2008, nao hope is ew stm an adon wll lve mann wih my at dy ae presen FICK wi Be ces of the [ih ICKL sted on hs week (ly 121 200) Fam king ova 10 ‘eng you i yrs sion, the Forum Less abd at ot Tush Bogue ‘hak you very mac for your cooperation nade. Post Conference Remar ‘As ny fou print ave ce we x ely god ein Tsey, woud ‘mre be oe menor spect a owe 1) pit cosine mero wien the cone alae may pci pope utc, any trata! parats—aie fom “usey and te foo ober seen coures—made his coufence more ooperave aod slob reed The wonder Tukih apt f fae “earn estbised dough t Kevean War, overblown incr wy 2) While wome intend pasts wiew fm te essence Besse of teres fu, eed no danger al in Task. Ils ery ese ‘tatthemenbers of ur Sia wed 0 ign ooze an eae sch ‘wel-epced meng oly eth amber of arise dese bea 5) Wedd nttaveay deacons dog ot conetece (eile Paso Ol), sioe the Ankara Univesity ence center sam eal sated neon foro he ust aac nya esa ejoyment, ome with cml els, dlons food ad (above al) ee ecb was an pie Ae Pot 7 crcl place fr scoping my meen 0 epend i ine the Meltenasan asp 4) Wea an vprcdetd sd completely nba clams bgt vi ty Aalar Unveil, wich wat flowed by tonal Tak den by te Users fk ce woe unmet tetas) aig by member nd ureters! (Chae penal oe xpd te ‘law fe aloo eat eb te Sewers) 5) We eyed vr ntcte wus aod A, penn, Peg and Sie, he we viewed inporset Roma ad Twks hrc ses el us. May fara eyed ballet pebemance inthe Arends amphi Ih dion acy mambo ok ava of excel planed ont cones ‘ous to Paral in Turkey aod Meteor in Gree, wal sw Epes ‘ns, Cri ané De Thre adios asic all ing torial fsa, an aul psec ur meting proving ta 0 ‘hist ld te 148 ICRL. Confort Turkey was and excl ene (On bel fall ICKL members, am grate to Antara Unive, the Korea Reseach Fomdaton, sd te Kors Foundation fr tir geo spor x sonfrene Last ut ot east wou kak da Soden” Bom Anka ‘Univers fr thei aise ur te leadesip af rot an Gen 1 weld tho ke oon reo ur utng rattak eer fen Song ICKL Awards: theses ae tee of ur ergtiaton, ‘et st agi fr th 30 avery mcg of ICKL in Osby, 205, ‘Wiha beso chk fr al you ve for,Opry Atte and Post Spo a8 Lote! oman of Kran Not sret 15h Cay apo 81 oreo Sete, mleten Supers and Foy ootetis Moc Tun tvs snd Panos ones fn Noi Cor Seneres Pervase Maal Egrosons i Kowan and Jgaen: Sogn rans Poe Lact Ape fC aa Aa Language Tuk a Kran ‘Pain on he Oistoson of Pry Hams Tyee by teeny Noga Pte on Sone Ponte Crtraere ‘thet St ts Factain iin Kan ae Ob Conon ‘ar Yue 13 fo ErorAaa ne Usage ef rah Seas yoy ae Tre large cutyal eats ntecdby does tom npn bean Ags Mais st Fut n Kon: ‘A carpatn op te Wh ess of Tish and Koren Asenpae rapsion Koon xeon mien as nail Anger Pog e360 A conse Araya of Pte: Cx on Son Pe 4 rg tsk S83 ‘The Src of Clas! oaton Unto Kaen Conon en 8 ‘uns Teachig Keen Sony Foren Leas rea Cael Cerra: Pach Wats and Exerc n Tish nt Stu, Sele Stu andthe Ragesersn of Secs Aone oye en 28 What # alta! fon he ato th gotten cf Hang te Karn ‘abner (on Karen Toots Use a Jpn Me Peta css. ‘The Hay of spose Etveaton in KoreaLexical Diffusion of Korean Nominals since the 15th Century Sang Oak Le Seont National Unive, Kee Ths soy proms te rele of a quite. venison into the Neoparmarn Sonsoveny i perine10leskal von ar Koran and ess two hey fining The ft i ht level ems change ot 1 Hl Fees bu of toa goup of dese wefkas. Thar we hive evione th Tnngnge change en icade sages at wich utile vans “np emully uniying into ose Saal frm. The send fndng tha the Cogaphic eprsctitons of thee sarans a ofenIypeconetns ining Cater foam, ané ae href reve fon aha meen. Thi ‘Speci comoon Incas wh the etapa the vara hat have Bo Slbsifed belt cowie” 1o the rule ae ao. deuched fom the Aca Promewiion at sifu to expire te main cient of te cing Bit Sch phenome shoal st be reguded at bg ont wih he theory af Charge by isa eiinion The rane tat the hoy of lx die ‘rs rooscdt mend the conradon inthe Novem there at shane ecu aly wut exception, at Wh such ounlresamplr te eee ‘ve apron ting te they ‘The pups ofthis resech ¢ 0 examine how the fe of ponaogc snd morphological changes berms te 15th cnury td ete 0th cnn Koren we felscd it inal Hse ems is ar ral that ot season wil be based on + qantative invention of text fom is 400 ain Kae Ling 20 OStnp Oat Leese paid nl pocerd with sca of the elvan tena een The Geveied bait four docasion the tery of lead fon rooted by Will S. Wang in 1969 ard + nin of svat dicsons {Coon & Wong 1975, Hach 1977, Kesinamurhy 199). Wangs tery of 2 Ponslpest mle gdally fing acow lesion doves the. Neopammaran ype of etepols reguliy nil, whch sys hat atbough pbonetc ‘hinge may ecu sbupl, tbe exesion of suche ehmge to all le ens ecu gala, Ths vscch i designed to investiga more piel te ‘Shtowhip beeen lec icon adword feypecy. The et of nt ‘ssc wil aw at ab ely t recat the thnry of la fin, Bt te to sake some conerctne cents tothe they “Te cop us fr this soy iclods 4 dicho account of $11 Koren mine wich faye Don clsifed ia secon 2 The nominal be wus ‘alfa of whch the mo fueny appening fas been ehwen f rpeset the mod In sein 3, we deduce many sound changer i vowel aed consent ter te tuber tht show the pei cit sf nomial im scion 2 2 Dichroic Word Frequney Duta For Korean Nominal is rscarh il denonsate aad expt how les ison is griualy imple by vesting word equesy ef sonia sucess stared eos The flowing tes prea camps of Kean sami ta sw selsely ivene ocbopapbie forms Fer anc ocogapic fmm, we se the Your ‘eh fis appre In text a (i avai) the yer it ws eorde fo he Inu tien the suey Koren. The tum in pacts indie the Segue ofeach frm dg tepid ia wich appeared The lel ies i th peer hive tee anand aceon © Koon sipbtoie order), (8), elf, Daa wth s ecurece make BY 200 ‘sch ar Anda) 2}90) (0) re shown became they ae Bae or import Isfeing forms in the peed lana SF1" kacan 7GonED) | > ANG ption 7, ce mae > ae lao) amr) SON AT ama.) 30% UP esl ei KN ee 18 Cay 18 The charge Hit in th blr above wile daca i ter etl inte ‘A Vole Change 81,9007 te tl Sebo ‘Amoeg the ems the st fr vestiaion shove, we Fat find examples of | 2a01) in the ial able. The wed Bove hee preset ccs 1 he der of he years which he rae can be claimed fo have i gpl. 1) sa 24 (oe) see hg 019 MAT ane 1554 beet PEE) 99 Iantiro 272018) 700 — i909 ao 514) 199 = 1900 tars 750), 14, 1900 (cara teow) rom the dia above, we can ae tht the change of 9 >a(->1) gray sored bern 1600 and 1895. ‘as etme that has een tepuded os emedate in he copes = te towing 2) myegain 4OFF(go0t pat) twtagaae el 2 RCN) Totaaeh SE ($4) 1481 ——— 160 In contast tthe examples tuwe above, Boe se cour cramer in ich change secur ia ihe cppoit econ of what might be aged (a 5% [Por fom i which we Gnd (+) swing ap Before fom wih 10. Tee qe publ tat tne ae example of reorbapphy hit xe | amlogy wth he change >a">?) 5) tase 4 Get) lasmabay 204818) 1447 say 24813)2, Conon Changes 32.90 (8) 0) ‘The leter forte vied ial Ftv, # (2), ex uti he it 158 ear (144579) and ten disapeared. The pear pit sou is change 0 (0 (2) f& tat i oxcuted ge suey tnd sbonly ether tan aly. teeveen HATAD whch is within the tine pen of one gern Thee amples show change of the vat concent with the. Neogmmaran espe 1 once £24 ie) aan BUH) ats Mont 22105) air —1986 4, Save neal tote [aor charges mara bolton A. Vowel 1 Fming © FRC WHOLE, aaacasnay, roared bestest) (@ Raitag 2 1 40H} Fy On sore) abe ame =) © Mooptiongiaton : Y>E(H>H), yowd> IA 1, AA, Fo Py abacus) serorem) ob 1 bbs Tee) @Remdig rales) Iba oreo) © Uousing © o> § a> (a), wr) @ cmp of aC) i oartat), DAeedy ras) oe Cem Ck FICE, ACD, 26 # Oe) — © Change of 41 (1): EGO aay I>RCLEAR, FACTOR, teaiCieea, LA yeiy 1), 11 mpeg > Ale, Heady abet een) @ Dahumony 257, Bm | A(HON, IPOH, 2) obs aed) Hed, seICleD, epruyalnd, 28rd Ge), SICS3), Palen), ipkeT, Co) (© ¢ sion: 24 > © Labideel # °8" Sofas, Hoe @ Denal pa": toe, ast 4s, hon, 8, bE Bing Final & met b "e" : P'e> Oh eocionthing #2 @), bait, ung? tp, mak @ Nanlinsin 2 =>, 80 Apion nil & fal (22, C05, wom {© Giottaton ital & eal [ke 307M, >, >) © Spel deen : kame? hunky, eS 1B Pasian :byperanecton (=>, c>2] @ rrelton | e>H wend 42. Fn phramena feud charge verde | ‘cxvorant_ [a | | mewmenaizn | 96-[ 819 [7 | tron | 38 | Tad 2 | rowing | 26 | 587] 2 | altatzaton | 20 | 876 S| ebnmnww | 21 [512 [3 | psttazatn | 26 | 755 ¢[raseg [is [330 «| woo | a | sae S| atowvmae | 15 | 330 [5 | seaman | 9 | 272 @]—vmiat [a [11 [6 | seater |e | 20 7 | wpatessusmer | 8 | 181 [7] Gormctmyon | 8 | Bae S[stainme [a [tara] —iainie [7 Lew, eo] mtipany) |e 1135 [8 | aesaneamm |e [1a 43, ofubone eet) 1) Example spying 1 admit the destin of change “on ) > ey fromthe Iiotey eahamay( Pat 170878 ‘ahaa 0. apy mpage tise aposatompste) 185,96 iota 190018 tucker pus 1998 boys 100 Pant He plbaysh ) se samy 1810-186 ‘aay Aosamabwy AA) 7 satay sy skeet 9 aaa Peet (2) Examples showing tat ul) > oy) wee simply cas of hypecometon hating he 6h and 1 cer aly akg hay oy 4 pihay at war piboaea, loyel4 as. oye estate 6 desta ise In hie statin the dts spear to Sve he ton of change “oy (A)>H9 (sien hat he veri ne 1 ety in (1) ite toscana rhe sr of hs parte sued hangs exch abun hat oe cy dette tse ter dan hemor Spr (or os cose) manner sugested by a aa eval ian Kran Sel ice 18 Cy 1 4A, Loe of 218) (1) en hve al the Zeon? ‘he folowing examples stow bow long 2(2) ogpeaed, Wile te tase spptace of ths copes wos 1617, thr Sous ened at = appeared 12" Roven tens even afer he ae 17h cen aio) wa Kain) sels) 147 — Kineaii 2 2.) 1618 nab § 913) meee (8) ‘mens (1) evi} Fe) ‘nit #64) wena) ‘inn 80) ica), kam? 8G0) 1439 — (@e daw towing We Ls appenace of 2) z(t) sr kenay 294) way 2410) ssinisa7 anise) 197 rai) rye sia ee eit 1) ist yams) 197 mus 2) 156 imri9480) Isit-ser rmoyan}sK8) 149181 mia) 1489 —— 152 mesa? $(139) 14a? —— 1576 mop A1C) 189 oe SE poy) sae franc (I) sr20 pi a ign (2) Aone ith te compete fos of 22), the sing dite of (*) oF (2) mou ove sey tft (a af) 1670 is shown bom ue 70) ein 09 1082 peri soankt 723410) 1554 — 1686 adh? & 00) 130 sash £12) 158 1458 Beis 2AeK5) 16) em 188 eabel +) 6c — 1658 Ki rimz28) ansim ici) 18 kame 83) iss Pee iste tay 7240) isin ay 2) a0) we ray 6) ec 1900 ‘ayant F(8) 5% av) iste = 196 APES) sss —— She et amp of ting 10), Sapa (2) muita) 98 lk) ‘380 0420) {he writen moods do not stow eater appemance of tee two capes imatid by # bu Sees te lack of dita sly ace] ‘As Hare (195) summarize, the Noogrmai psion i tat sound hang is Tsay repens ht of Wing (1977) det 00d change is ime. We hae evieoe That at least same changer conto 4 te ele Neopammaraa ce (Labor. Yaeger Stoner 1972) whe saclogiic Sei have abo wncorered camper of se-ging lee isn (Moy 198). Accoing 19 Labo (1981), thie paraon can be mache by singing two levels: Neogammarn sound ehage proper taker te frm of mits to lowleel pine rls, whe lec! fon crs at "ne eat lee: Laov ts sggess at cages i owe up ale ply vere sch process at Geniegackng & asinglowering tf vowel td lin onions. Lex ifn, im cones inahes me ‘ssac fares sx {8 owe ipl i esingng © Iabesng toning or dihtngiin ‘moopttonpanon of vowels an! plae-ofartclton she in comnts TE me acogt to lel mesons! above at anv and pla Koren, we may chuve the flowing Out of 27 chmge, sk (A 9° BI, 2 3.4 It of sumuzed is) exit oly pro abl emery ie ‘pplication of rule witout counterexamples (cos) These ix loo ke 0 be Iesely ei, ae Neogammaran in te At for yecae changes, prowess ‘A'S mim apd A'S) G1 > 1 ae bola sort of fone, Wt opt fo the onsran we fied ta process B 1:2 abuply diapers B22 gaally ‘Seppe: B 3: bh and B 4: ce> ae lenin of Consonants, which ao ‘own it sonia Finaly, D7 Ibe ean be tried a” scngbcing “Among them aly oo (A 8 fronting an 8 I-Ie) cored othe Novprimmaran caer meted shoe (Oe the ther ans, proces AD A 12 all iolve manophthongiaton of 2 vowel epesing lnc diftsioa. However, ll eter chung ono realy ft with Labor's penalization reging eo eves of sound eng, eal sols 3 consi, 1 woul Ike 1 pit out to Snips inne with he Leary of ei die ‘The in tat as we Have sen in ton 2, lel ts change not fo Sige reer to ofee o = group af dene rete Grpialy is cn be Sgr oto pee In ro Fe 18 te = Word e222 wmuvvce Wiecre wmuuyye Wasecs wmuUUVE Mose ees wUUUUY Ween ee wUUuUD

Ute toad (aU) pete xan) ieiood -33{U%R) pono) eam) (its sumer sagt thn then U's tearing ere iy.) [Me impatie pet fly seaary defined here Lal] Posie clr ees nes sei in (6) Labi (1998 fomaztion Along with Roos (945) about spe somes ts appre one il how any ‘eaves bdo cncetion and act se (7) 10 (9) aie 6 above The ‘uaimaliy of U above i tat of he leva! wana, which an badly be is, tte miniraty oe 12, Noe Lowet at any nine Lower Sone ‘he poe fone excep il ality ao ite ato ws wel ‘sone it Lie (1998). Lack of coment and saaty In Roth and tai, Inwever, fas 19 tbe feof dsingushig beeen (oma) fis aed ences. (Contato inde ste aeative sa snp hema "eile ao oly mutes Lge an sc” ln rs smaller thn ‘tee whee cos teies "tre? wih CNC ata wer bol a te quinine salem the kas as expected inthe vane, eying popsts Ibge sunburst, Tae may ame ity tenn ¥en f NP a Jowex bund in asl ach (7), (and ryan an watt ee penon-CNC oot come PASEDEC (OSANNIOMO KOmiat-a three peroa.CNC come NEGPAST (0.0) Noteven tive prone came (Les thane cane). (@)aMugyninsey mst oa phere [mio mind] "TOP ue peben-CONCESS so sahe PAST-DEC ‘ary cold (ot) even ave res poles” 1. Mary olde eben soe de robes ‘Selma My cul se es tan ee problem (00 fv concenivity downto 2 twee bond ‘re probes beans of the“inesvemaetmrpboms Bet th wer Sond at do with th CT mating of iim epeciton 2 mance phy She sl ave sed (at tes oe poten This way, cones maa CT well inne. Te CT Slt or =m casa (10) an be apr ino ance ese a (1), Cre so se on ences. (12) shows ow clay worst lowest tal ure" nd he CT mtr in K (ad) One eon sem bat ast a Ee pros The omar wi -un canter with epton Bt he ter (aod (13 A weak NPI one ern nae Bt nt CT othe og NPL at ‘cura atone deg cute Ie acon 28 (00) Mary sed te probes — LLM Maney muney-aua plese (ted no odiona-] “> Mary sled not mien re prob (01 4, Boe hogs) Mary aed te problems, she dd salve = 8 aryiasey mncyaun pulse, enum oot pre (aya ka sama oss oppasdto GD), wit, NPLS ne peton-CT came ‘Sel inpeatre ooenton) "Mare thn on pen i com ‘hs hanamaeran anne ore Notwalar;m omer afin pose (t3)souta eng am am mses -e Moston, OK sear (G8)hen sam ea we NPI (CT) ayant (Gidea) (at stil) (05) han eur (ea NPD sa mittens) eure, sik etn FNC eome-COND saw DEC “Ine pean bron weak NP) en, at? “Even ifone peta cons wl tat” (6 kwon au lanka [asi NI) "He det cae eve again’ [gh aeons) Cs onessv adniion of the ter prt dh spent io onsey the olay eerie sear imps denying songs element, tbe tered is aime, and convey hw afin a weaker cement in the wae vole Comey Solty, apna opel 3 18.Tha Geral Fiee Chie an Neate Play Carcasve Case, Asote ences i ri atcha t wh and is gules in ote lumps, forming Univeral Cocesve Coir (UCC) (Kis 198, Gearon 2001463, Jor wld accep whaeer every) salary hy afer) the i ie uppers to bene, dels imo NPs Depend ca thy dscouse esuppstion a te clase ity regu» mol main redone (FO, neope fe (eters, weak NPI) cr gave main pres (erng NP) This i demonstrated sas, 8 (13) (07) hs byl risa Conceive (conn), y (em seve (A Of pe) "torr woul (ee, we wold on ret’ CF om prikoi niea> ones, ape ie kth in’ flows. ‘course pretoppestn: lee Site peo (st aye re frome ening) Then we would etn. Dicouse presuppostion te ops desinte crs, hen a septe ee (ss ext) flows ming be conceive snare, We wold i) aot rust yuna) persons (ve the mos dvibie pes (isdn wns oo). Adverse going down othe weaken on a gut (hana oy macy ‘han madam) at omar, demo) elsif te ay ‘vio ning coos nd if even in a sation note ae rprig te {Bren reicton ten ale ote eave i all be rev ete songs ‘Stations tbe scale Hee am, dare fayalite weakest pets, sess in(. (08) Whatever appens, we wilt gv up nd go oe bach emo. 2. The Sela Nature of Contant Tape Here ypesatipe ineetype seiiy and sibype ine-ype salty we singed aed CTs inherent tendency of spe inratype tay ens ‘naval ens aoe, Far, coe relations betwee scope beste ed CTsnd CT's aroscope ate ares nih me-aroraope pcliztion fff, wich hs do wits repootion Conasive Prd Top ad the spe elas beeen CT and REASON cae are ao expres Al th s-alle ape ‘mbigniy’ md Consent nepsion ae abe pope o be andeingly aad wth Cooraiv (Meet) Tops 23, Ina Tpe Seay, Note at Lis (190) lowing example sos hte «wbakpar pt) tea btwen th at of New Yo” and Tas in cncesie admin of CT (9A (09): Hany eggs olin he ate of New Yok Ini THACAcr me. [omimor-ua CT stato ln THE WHOLE WORLD, mb {Contest Foes atin] Consider ar kind of el inten of ami Thi apo oh an Roy's 208), who does ante alse heb tia yp CT station (20). whic ete’ sogtph do oa ane 2: Geog Hans “>John Leo’ hgh Rigs Sars Sten ation Bees > Ieee. Asoc resi: Ser Haron «(Lenton MeCatay) ‘Vin Rooy dos ot ditingush beween a sem al arising a he rary of ‘hes of eles subg aed be idl ese’ apap em on and agmacwale asing fom rn weighs among int shematine Beale He Sree he late pe of ele Without ay CT eto om (204) yb an ‘aims intereton wih “nd” pare, evoking no parcel ssl mone erative Det, What advocate th pt-nol on se a t wigh ot rosie Sale among sera Beses, a type wl fe we the Contre (ate) Coou on be mee “Gee Haran” peters with he gue Do {soaave Ita Lamers aso” he sarin nial nd cae ‘rte tings device wed (scone ph oor a Eagle a mrbione cSt ine Spay ay 33 gh one in Koen iti a noes pie aot cans. The sae ashe terpenes In aul, Conte Topi employed i cone) tis ‘ind of implicate concessely ating tee proposition {Gi isnegave ada afisive proposition wh weaker value hn wel! nthe scale tiple ch bat ow il bi Testy ding fom a terme witot CT a mola" dno trl whch an be ed wen the spake hows nos) noting abou 1 Cates 2002) dsasioe eke te ide FCT. The CT mar, which a acto exer in Ka Jb igh ne 0) aan ta "dt wel” “| ~ Fig. Abverd CT 22. Conte Peat Top (Cr sot no smi pets ale apd propery rade) pe: (08)Ste ARRIVED. —>-She went te sage [me ita] (19) Ste PASSED, —> She wed team. (0 evokes a el fave go on he age} contes and (19) ral evokes (ons sow te exam) If we conser a see coment in wc 30 om th ge rege “eau pean, he omer eh ae in hat eet sd mecm call is pags Teter ac my be seat ace tex fons ‘ass te exam” (Conewowa ser impr ae evoked by toh Prepac an seman eatsets On he poate put we cn ave mich a CT AI te shacte DIDey gel scoped —> nt here ay be wiv. Roos (1995) sale ematves by Fomine canst explain why fle regu he Ison pe of sar imple. So Lee D0) fo thr exemple of wl Conse Peat Tepe 2.8, CTas a Narow Sone Brae, (CThas hem cine ove arow-scope veer ope ears Lage with he chi abou Bung (197 ages ein hat he arowesenpe CT eal ab in. fa CT is fom th ins ptin of sete ted ot ply (20)cuys-eysmpwcty aun haykorhel anbaset Crcoraf 3 diasanef2-CT fe po PAST DEC "Te Govern) i 0 Se wo Bde a edt” 1m 2, the CT sarow scope sonpaion sear edig (= 22) (op 22) is sbeie, with ar samedi or realized Tp he nal poston We a eta CT {partion wescope rain (2) f we ave th CT connie ire he ject stchashe Goverment’ es have tape wit low toe om ‘a. Casey tier amo scope over sone bei clones dev salary. [A REASON ade ce ther sop eer nd tera with eon a ‘ot guages Lint my (21 ambigou bu REASON > NEG fhe ao CT er and no high oe. If- esa high oe, REASON < NEG type yese Ayebontec! atbasve ‘chtedoautemamy nt REASON>NEG (ao i) le) ide ry (he) eee heinrich? REASON «NEG hg ne) In he writen et witout sy itonton mtking te sence maybe abignos Wit onston mating, snot f= Conasie Pre Topi term stuced -r tthe REASON = NEG renin jut ke Whee ight ‘on -I the CT marker i dled, compensatory high tne remains td Costa. pt Supls iy 38 inerreion the sane whe ta th CT mak wih igh oe. aca CTs ‘opel and fort teomes fal anced hte reso cae andthe aan ‘meso iv th CT els. The iepetation of te CT is mre her at ‘eons ik] [nt Dae he ice tht be mar a), Th, Ipwure yb: [mailer bess she ii, "Bing wer than ch inthe prague sale Thee ian cust conlson bere imaon sad imepreton, an incon maybe anol ob compotion ‘Alle cope laos inoling guntifer-epton snd REASON gst dep on whut th sence gution five inherently Cove Prete Taps, ‘ad ote pes dacurse cone ht he ce the snes mst ake ‘idescpenepaton, withthe Come Pedte Tp fel anoint wih the ‘eleyct quate REASON cine or sumer, Tur viewed, sine big at preset Coen eptin sb eaves Conse rae Te tei later Big fly ssn with he ler consents even sons (Cs waa aegion may cme om pedi par (Le i eparion), 3. he Bslsve mon “Only i Sealer a Well as Lapel bt Unie “Eve? snd-ean (CT) alte eensnd-mun be CT maker weber enema‘ my be login he ese hae Gaal flea strates ie mall niet frm ony in aglsh inthe sense that pil is the agen’ tno! oF contol meanings atu aa meatng ted by obi Engh pa in fee exrsions in Koren and Snes. Onlin English i ieee xual a nts sear in the edt deere On he eran, “non io Koran sisted fen i exhaiviy a in sealant to ‘gional acing numer and pei) cnt Thingy eee Epanes alfa ome resting ewes betwen Kan Elis ny ns), 1s), and 25) are sel cuter in Kee a2 (22) Lon ako oa sey pct py ap heimet hyn ot exe screay.with regal ot dd «pie bakoonan yay [exes (23) only jumped 130m,‘ean-nun 90 mpobey_mortniesin aut 190m marten [ng Stato, nt high on ump clon epee) (20) Lamenly sere "np punta 170? sca be PrN PPWUN DEC (25) Tbecane cays: ‘smempisela ys peur n man pie pabeey morte ‘The Koran coupe of 22) is 220, In 22), a8 exepion ps pbley ‘etch en employed nse with an ait modliynguon marr mot ‘nt thie th” (220), man cat nly dete eka Apa selon bos ‘erveen 2s) and (20). (23) wih el ts exhaust or excson netting, can ony be sed in arming sation feito because we can hay as gh re am. Hone, mont Keni lo pled anwar eet in inbeen ses of umes, qm nd edits nt highest or bp lene on), 27) tea 28): (26) Yunnan sal seykaysmin maken TOP aple-ACC te CL-anly ex PAST-DEC “Yantony etree ‘+ Yumiounsabva-lyeky-mn messin "TOP ape-ACC ten CL-only eat PAST-DEC Yan oy ten pl’ en he le] (27) Yaniaun sso pwn puny. 2am men “TOP eple-ACC sea'23ontyate "Ya only tesa the apes" (28) "Yunus atnateypmpin man meee TOP ppleACC alma only ak “Yael tlio ot mes” 7 Yetaunlthond mbt inp {TOP -ACC posh NNN oly do PAST-DEC "Yun oly pase no nahi rede sue shu comes pen Supa ty 37 1 papa “ent ne (28), fn pa by man the ince comes geal nah wh the mpc f ot ll” The att typ ‘mont in Kos, o heer had, es ows ie postive lity and cs to Mock the atacnent of mum, hich othr rues exclson of « ihe, leat “al” (29) shows tat man, ppd oa predess, deniestonger oe teat "imi mei ws bdo. Honan eK ‘Scalar de teem inal eons ‘Ste gaifenonl oper hed my be posted 0h precession vith te mera snl ber maybe expand (YL 23 nd Sond 209) Ba clr ating ved are seater imporat 4 Conan ‘The conceive mh eoke ls sei o make «gto nodal series, whee te Consive Topi wae un le eke scales to camey comesona inpleues of dou The two schisms ae ‘ysemataly vee via meaty and eocsiviy. The Esl maker mn ‘ho sear with nha clr questi epson, The el foe in -man Isetade seonger tan in he ter marker. S199) The Si ene ro Mrs pa ES, Ben D.200 “Ob. Ban mt Bact" ngs an Porgy 26 SHS, ‘ren L988. Came de Aphis dt, Rsl Dae ‘hecho 202 "Se pire, Pty Phenom, ie Syma (ot, theme 198. pm Sa CaaS ad Imation Sac: hs, Hat 2) On he Sy nd Sri Sv Caen Cin E84, oe Fit X19, Reet on user Daman, Une of Masih, Arr ‘Mom, Vn an Nh Nope 1992 "On he Soc Pgs ke! a "eo" SALT le Ch eran Da Deny 2508de Nay 22.“ Pay of Cae Tp a Foe Sen gi te "Wirkp ennemaeSecurin Cone, Uo Sse ‘tke 572 Som ean Gena Grr Ci: MT amp Ht 204 “bran Saco + Dye Thy of Mew” Ta te Tpit oc ofa, i, M109, °A het ne nr e's tie Ie Te Sani Prem “ec fom feos Po Pw I. Ther) 2791, Looe Heit an, on “Titel aged i we a an” Nepton ‘Par oman oe Ke On Ox r Lah U1 “cs and Nee Pty ld anal Lampe Somes 615 Changin. 1986 -Nepe Play aga and Keri” Langue Ste 8 simanPragmatcr nef Det Pas of Fw 1, Tae 374 Le, Cnn 1999 “Tes of Ms ed mmrencaity in Koes te gm UC ng Page Lng, 3: Sa a S36 Sa), 9632 Dg ‘ings, UCLA Changin 28, “Contie peer nce” CLS 2827 {mChngi Gen)“ Reel Conan Tad Cnnae Fc (came aed GF Are es) 173, natin of Clg ag 2 Lend a ‘topcoats ein Communion, Cae, 1 Mer, 8 tik), 27131. Cage MI Pr. enh, M. 1996 Fok” The Hal f Coen Sma hoy, 8. Lagi oR Rabe 208, Choon sl Rel NASSLLEA UCLA hand ‘Stata, Mu Framing “Yatton Se Seni Ei non Le Gaon an. Bag) Tc nd Foc Meng nt ain om pling Peet oe ‘We ue Kan 197, "San an pga Container Eg Imperfeetive Modality in Turkish ‘Nethan Ozmen “Ankara Universiy Cotngsiscly, ke expressions of tempor pcr and mol tnt in uy laguna are closely related (Coie, 1976; Bybee Paps, 1984 Pale, 201) Epes the teeny toast npertie pet wa reais ‘aye ded in tal inte wak of lech (199) niet, Tuksh 1s to inert sie nd mK which erin tems ofthe ai and incl sista they exes. The pete Sli prs hundred orm impareive apt Tukih apd seca sve spc hr imprene ‘eeanng (Unedimedi, 202) Therefore i ty il aes hemp opis of the two eines wich ao dif inthe fay depres and hen al propo a west of mE on te bss of pce sx ory and pose eed count of ty mean of aig Kr (1981) mtn of pole me. Soy atc aS ns cos shor cB 2. The ston testy Fecaiy wich anton ropes by hanson (197%, 20) cones te fee af the pchologil inte on te staan caning st © ohn, 200: #9) TO Joann inperenescn show higher ot lowe dere Foray. Taree ay Isnsealar not ante dee of focal i deena on he eave rage vision ‘The ge of von determined By “oun ret wd” which ake he 188 tien Somerset as Hing rosin the doe enero fm er perigee Ie Saas’ ough chs, the rang of evn, words the clacton ‘of resnes costs ( now, i expanded i) pe son. Nao vision fs ‘p events basal onic the seme pony of © ad sch even ae ‘uly peromedaO. Expune vise feta epoca ves wh ‘scot confine themed roxio , bt thy are actly permed tO. ‘Open vison tf toa or plr-cectial eve» and thy ae oot aha ‘eed at O. (ns, 2038). A ths pager anes inpetive aes “Tush ad scoelation wi als nd ela diction in he mol man flowing section ofthe paper wl fu on he ealiy dees of impertecivsin Imperttive Aspect in Turkish Reguinginpersive asst in Tish Tush has hs inperecte suis, tats -mERE war which et inter oe deg of ly yee. ‘he bh cal mE whichis made op th five sia mB aed he ove case mirkr “whch te eagle, ees “he peste wo ighy and sol ozo. Th events exes by tis sic wre ai ep ‘eng imme provi to th inary dei center . The lwo For in cos be ih calm de st ony fs he cine “present ‘el ay peso evns fom an expanded perpen. The fel ~A on te cher ed ecoes «gee oF ope resents ad can eprom nis Wien far is omar he ihc sami whch he ine ‘Sm of his pape we wil ev tt wie igs fe a ah sin ents whch not the se with igh -mERE. To Johnson, igh el Heme ‘code he mpetion of internal yams of suns den only ens dae ‘sion gun oa he core prt worl Repaing i ton ith a ‘Ne See tat Takk gfe mR cao eau with turns deeing Sesion ~or a, sista (1): (1) Onde ok lanmata hese: (Ste) aga very ch iit ie tL) opt aye ah 44 1m isp he ihc me carerponde 9 Enlsh ogee maker ing mich canon ecu wih ative ston Rega neacion wit titan (peste see accompli and senate, he bg eel mE the lobar we can cour nh hese statins witht ay retin ach cass the speakers coke fr the hii -mEle inseam for ross th speaker's ryehlogal inert o th uae of an event Hone, we Too ris teraction with ackereent ats, we th high cl “mE ‘ae oc with susan whos he focal a, a dn 2) (2) Meme mat * banat! ular Mie ey once * Gn) ng) Mee dig his key AS 1s soni he example 2, the owe cn se ih chives sitions ai he imeracion let he Bessie phe of «sie Such an cecernce repel ssn nara cote for Sing hin res with Pevecve mening eg Mote anata lr ve som ap cor Meh 5 ing hs hey ae te end he opening he dor However, th Bh cl "MELE sugesing» ous on th cote fees en aot fein ae of ‘tuton Tr a camo cur with th pus ine adr i "yer a owes i ps rence In court mE, "ie dn yon armen ‘lie din le rayon’. Wel. *yeserdy Tam walling onthe al" an ‘ly oecar nih he pst ti veil “yess eonclaen, wee soe ‘tthe igh orl mB rps ice émamisiy whee compare ter wh is compa win save ston: As ts abo eve ome empha ake ‘op. Br uf laste whole eve oh eo he pee! wor y meas a "pest fron th core ofa eet cab nid es wih achive sitasions ie the Begining pe of = stun nr Insists wi ps ‘efece Tete th et see af he ty, Iwi ute te asta sd ‘enor apr f hehiph eal ERE i compsion te low cl tem or seco cae ithe or ie po tear try4. Axpecta and temporal proper of mkt aber tn terms of ei aspect popes epg duron we seta there ae 0 signi ieee beer he ifr “mE adi low clo 08 hey an th aca wi he Grave avril sch eat, nator “0 Ala" te, stdin) (9) Mehmet strata de alma ager ete fr no hous soe stay as study Sg) ‘Meet is been sing hy” Mehmet ll yn” However, i he example above, the speaker's coe forthe ih en) mB insu fc! semen exe by tina whch wil be cused in te ner sen Repang scene wit in pect ivr expesng aalty, eqmsy oes, me abo See st oth “MEK andor me onpale with thse sevens and they cam be coed id sch mein 3 hated ie (4) Metter omanimadn drs glymatingaiyer Mette! awayeegay aly sy aay np) “Mtet s aays stalying een ‘Telfer n eos mB can osu wth cate tine adveials Inking pre ine sadn sch es, he oneal nerd o make 4 te ‘efgcoce The hghfe -mENE ot her hand, ent oc wih ich deri ‘ih ue etree inating nein wil plan ue opal ate, a ‘ssenin 8: (50) Sot 3 yn Anka y* gmekyigdpor. Ar} o'eackeomarow Aakaradat* 9 mp eon) Tam ging Ana a 59 locktomarow" (50) Simdvhone* elmer (wing now * care mp com mg) caning nag nw” pte ody nat ‘The owes -oris abo comple wih momenta bers ch dot, ren, aien azn enya of soe’. Especial in rave cane, ‘sercon with semefctve stone inate te ial pot of an ose, ted (6) Homever-mEME als mc etre cn a ake tia Pein a staoa ve de a hg-baates itis aboseen in (0 Yas adam yl inion * gm or ‘Thelma odie suddenly fase inp ll The dealing on he od anal fee” Reguting i iercin wih the dvs of sppnination mich ax mrs, at atin a dhe aos, sprosinatl he ofa or: wih pst marker tnd semetictve sats express bantu, Wc so he ae eh be "Spocal me elated 7) (7) Reb nee hla doa* pata tipterta ‘The bombs pomp tle ini The how lot xpdig” Wen bor oscars with he complete adver nha some he nd nlc conveys a ingen mening, mich exe nen ete ih (eel -mELE and cant cor wi hese ve enn (9 Nhe /smnda atin eometozeor lly te end claps an" pss mpl) pug) “Mes using hs as ali on™ ‘In conclon,-mER i tee rogrenive maker a cana nn costes wih ote pat aed tue eee It alc ation and canoe come) a Ingesive essing In canst thor mB camel ove pale es of ‘mer de 0 hol nate ad heh conan wih eli itn,ce en Lge ‘Am acount f-mERE within Pose Words nd Speech At They et sexi, ropone assum fm win posible orn in wih he ‘wok of lvrs(1997) a als within pec et hey ts teporlspeieson ‘own Et pres tents oling the pein wm aarow perpen, ‘de event ert 0 be asceuayhling at Uta tine: Pt doe ‘olymatia Als sodyiag athe moet) nese tl (e &= 0 Repating Ss corelon inthe meal doo, inte mol te we ely ve speaker Know aboot station olin nove a tance tine and the Popsioos whch wee re ens y the ring ou. So, # popston ‘tors by -MEKE nes ue wi spect hs mal he nd ores ace: mata = (© lows from and) J. Modal Bse= fi) ‘ew of what we now “hee and no” ad eich i mip ote hc cmt, Oring sure a): reer hl promt) af se et “pons ar innate then op 6 88 fmt a mcrae x ovr of tne at pc of) and) The Mos -mEE cca 0 ‘prs opti eel af mening A pape cn rape t= "MELE ssa lcsionwy oii hick mae siete onions ras ‘roger anertn compan bor Opp: Ave doseage] Arye glnimatal wes suing” “Ans stig” TLL Ase) ass (28) Sie (Bebeve(2)) Si: (Ko Seng: 0 Seng +1 Wien EE is wel i an uaa aero, ses hte phe ner eve iver steer being sgt ar bce th nthe eres fhe Seg of te acura fc sce In hi pet ae he expe ser which make stlehirvard mtn of fy hie i ne He “now” which i known to be ase pred, a saw blow he depres of smh ira higher an =r wih sly bees ke believe editor The st obo eis coms nterastion wi th bl ir Tie lc ‘to functon over a ein fe hy cal to hyena ca tow kn {ages ofcrainy depending 0 th lingutc it peas (Ast Koy, 1997) ELE ‘wih the cop -cr inns the peaks bei seaward the tal as Inge Noy ein 8 of be prpeson and he degre ofthe seen fd increas ek of itersoe with-mRE (00) Aye der agai dil “Aye lesion say. copa “Is mesa ue Aye sting a he mont Age ds agmatine), Si Kan (See: However bor nat bused a fr fl sons wt te cop a, and Aegrsof ergo his pla deren eel ft action wih Fo, C1 Asyedes gaged (0) Tisai bt Aye staying at be moment ("Rison a Ape stdin athe manent” Aye des ego LL: Asser), Sse: (Koo (9p), Steg ‘Arai evidence th sneered by BRE cnt agp he ‘complement belive pe vee whee er a= (42) (Metis * ama! aor st, ‘Mehmetae son stam) sys) ele past "5 “Teeeved Mehmet be ug” ‘Toe epiteni avers sch sel “maybe, hp, herale mabegliba proaiy, which rete an ie scope over the popes in whch te oa, tno tan ies peor the proposes with mE bt wit for ty ‘a. The ih ea “mE reserves eighty ee (13 (13) Mohn elt deere Asha ya gine dbo. ‘Metec mybe ob Arndt going po =) “Mestpobay Memes gg Anka” 5 ay ate in in Yrs top iva eon reign step etm ems se ei der ey roemasen ICKL 20810 api Lest ‘Ac shown in eon (0 ER cat ao aca wih ego ff eres inating pl tention wlan courtly which lng 9 re ooain nd tir examples wll tbe repeated ere. The Righee mB entat 1 bor cannot td 1 mike judges he creme fh vet Soe atone 1848) (040) Meme Anka’ y gol sir labile “Mahmet Anaad * goin ome be poss Met mayb ogo Aka (13 Mee Anla'y mete! gilyor oma Malet Anaradt* apn oop (Lbs Menem be oie Aa” “The hgh cl cama ko be di th constaton verb gi it | which exes dus, posit whereas fren sated (5) (15) etme unalone Mee se ney. it ower conten in which mE can ot cer sitions wich covey & pte mening adm nce with ype expressions sch at tarde balan “sein dein Tt yin 6) (26) Bede atm din hb yr * vcore. “Assuming iel hs sane * ary mp) ary Asami sy you re mating ts ume” “The hgh oc mR ca nat so crn he morta saes of condone wih re presente coerce eas or ann (17) (07 er i edonceekipor ole, ard ur EY pase aint wating be coo pas ee be ingens Ite hl becn wang me he wold ave be Be” epee Miyata The express whi come he pests wi hope ae lo ur spe a ‘ai a they fr evens which at a elie Teer mE an not ale be ‘sed inconsrctons which expres these’ Wie hopes ead i wih cna ‘courte hora shown ie (8 (1a alah Una bw ya Anaya’ * hei gira pei Tope his ame Aa at po pg LP) Holy Thape we ae gong oA me” (1 epee de a alate sam Th ing. a ee * werk mp) woe pL Bong. ‘To Gin (1997), ondeamtive clas, is maniuive lace which ae own command nisin» exons ae ineny urine spe eomse thy re fate projecting aol hey inole ahatve deo subode of ‘ralnn the fllovng cpl, we teat —mEKE cnet ale be wed in nor ‘etre se which expres corm, et -hr canbe (19) (09): Ben pipes. B: Haye sn de * sence geyran. 2 Leomeneg i 5B: No youn. * come perme) Act wll come B: No you te i coming” ‘The hehe ml ca lo be we in non-dcanive ces which spl ‘avon, exhort, guts een in pte ene which somey re ‘ovars command, be ules of whch wel ot Be preset in det Be wer the owfoa —for an widely be wed in suck ones he apt sl hat conan with eal aay 6 conasion eons ht mE ch ee rgrenive apt rn Tish D1 ts goa ana in-peact wo” ite oly bee i ein ones Howe, te lowe “for can ened ove possible wel and can exes poly te epson: ane imperetive and reli rine eign ae demi by spect veri ye ngs contextREFERENCES, Agog A 198 Sm come ates pe md oy Ti Pee Mao esa, Vln Ban, ne Hgibton a Mao Stn (Tener rere ep and ati, vl. Seniesa preti. Ton ye HL, RPeckim, ed W. Papi. 1994 Te lion of prom: oe pet Tmo he ogg ft wr Chip: Uinta ag Pe on 1976 Aga Cane, Cant Unive Pes (Ga, 192 read nce Lectin econ. gb. ein, S199. petee sl ire, a. Bybee), Moly ema and dome, eri on Bri PC, ee 97. Te pre ete ep od Proce of SALT 7, Saft onan, 171, pi Tce, pa: Angst We Semon E200, Vent eee ee lnnge O,Di (8) on nd "Spc Beopen guage eri Mex e eye Kener, 191, Mey, Yon Stow end Wan, D (a), San: dn ‘strain hn fons ah i: Mae eG Par, P20 Mendon! may cc, Can Une Pr, Cie ‘ew vk Z 22 Tle Ariba ve asin ps ne Pago 10 Ratna Conoco Ph gist My IRDA tee Unive Inversion and Personal Pronouns ‘in Nominal Copular Sentences N. Engin zum Aare Unters Nomi cope sees costo 8 nom aes a a cor eet The pr curt in emilee tenes might be eel i fet ae Poses crs. For example, the tase werd er, the eagle flows he enon pres Tuk wrt is ype of eb ces neve ‘eo mcun pts in Enh However, te rin pl seen which oe emul ced fet the tence) son he ole ané 2 exenpliin then (NP, NP, Cap okt) P.Cop NP sia) (CopNP, NP, sh) (2) Alok (The opr ements nce’) Ise Seda dckie Avot ecliaiy fsomia caplet hey ce lai et 0 pe hed smn poperts of the secnry NP. Tie poopy vipat dsincion, wich dies cial cap Sete etme es bt and ogni, at ben considered i ing for along tie "The aoa cpa ienece whose Bt oun pave dort at ecco nou pirate is idefintconreetaliclled “te attve copula eau ne Korean ingest 028g Uascree’. The cap snece hoe bith su pte ate defect ‘lod "te again caplet”) shows ths rons (0) Atte Copalr Senco Equaie Cop Seence NNR, NR, Gefeu) odetronee) Gefet) dete) In bie cour sens, te Ssoy NP oni # ui with be copuae emancipate NP In mach ees, he end on rae ‘tes, ses felis Be is oun pe ute ope mneces, ffi sources bth noun prs oe oui nde rate emetic ‘cel emer The ain dcve between uve cops sence nd ative oar hat tho fomercanot ener (ya ot isa tetera) ‘eA shri on (5) Joss adn) However quietness ner (6) stmt earn) 1 Thetaheri tn Turkish, whee he copula clement verb an svt appa when he ‘ene mood and nese Ses we ede, he pe the tae ie Enh 3 ‘at oo, ect tan opto emphe noe marker (EMI) sealed othe cpu vr ot the rate NP hich noma esd poston, The ‘amples it (7), 8) and (9) Show the aecepatty ofthe iver forme oF pal lori mt Pl reining Stes 84 (a Aibiropemente) ‘nda ence rir pete Ae) ‘nda echer A @ a Abdicate) ‘Aine > eDareatia toes A ( watocgreinents) ‘ltteer "Aletta So sgremes Ks) ‘tata A “Thatcher A Now tare copa verb i bet when he bjt i te hid pero so he ae 1 pres Takk. We wie th epon!empaie mod maker 4 mak the eee NP (nthe ther hand he i coer ote prence of penal pout a spat semen ace sisson betwen Eng td Tis arrest pose {olny cop snc a Engl when he int nan pre peel posu (00) eTbeteher am ome this type of sees easly inven fr stance ia Hain tos by Maro 1995 and 1997, (1) oso dt Fre 1 be or personsingul ating gn France“tami king of Fase ‘redlsPrania oo, ‘The conjugated farm he ople ve for zeent in 18) shows that the second out pst ot the fist oe, mast beth set Bese the mompbaoey of te Copter lange ate Et pene ot othe doe “Turkish ke an bre agi allows verso oni copula sentences hose bets pena ono. (02). 00prmen beni ‘hte Cpr person singular) or shor Cop) 0 sbremensensia tte 00-Cop? © Oaprmer oc) tater be At ie pin, plese nt gin tht he copula verb ct ese! (126) soe Turk arene sor he i pre gu ‘As we ein (12), Tuk plays eet propa fot Engh wn ices tw meron inthe on cop sexes hick bavee prea pronoun te ison, Moreover, author dire ako appre it the expe 0 (3)(10) Inher eco pins dbo le hs roan, except te hd poe ont, Invenio lok (a benseni 1 yourCop! yout- Cop! (0s) Senbeesin you bop? ene ee Pan Nein CaS 58 (ne oterhand aan,vesin is Hoke whenever he aj = pera reno ining the hi pein 17 aso hebeptt a Tish impose to comaact tence with the i eon oan ‘te js poston when th sr end peo prna tpeiaive. (8) 0.20 tenn b Osan) eyo (ver rogue NPs ao Pekve sil the Red pen pons in Soar sees hi ep. (09) "0s bot ie) "0 gen see) hat sade yo0+ nin Kam gst ‘he pcr th same in tis wh tone NP. nerson i i agua census the san ovat NP inthe bjt poses ands prooun inthe eds pasion ain 2 (2p stredeta Fanci me rt hing go Face e Cop me ‘one ang "Te king of Face sme? However tonne ee posto sens to caste no rb a gl (21) Tteacer ie ‘Tuk copuartemenes hav bn examine fe vr sees sie Robt es” compecensve devise (we Leer 1972, Kilt 1986, GSkel 201 and elie 2012) bu the estan betwen ative aed univ sence, and ‘avesion pss fr thse to pes of emtences were not emp Ie se ‘dis Only Tun 1986 obsened tht Tush at two types of otal ipl ‘sence nd veo psa nxn awe sain) Ba ng 0 ‘Un 2005, foil cps exami fom seman pepe, he ce slbeiters, used en the Trish dase rust eal te cour sence whose end plein th bse oder i wt ae atte series and hey ifr fm Ente ones whose second phase of any othe pe. He als clans that the mit fiero ue ox seman itchy ot ek of eng pac coat this pronttin Sllonng Us 20,1 wil sow how he ea emchy plies pray some uxt iverson ané Ning fit imsoal ple ‘evened fre or mes nw sifestin of premarin sme sg 2: mere of te previ states The fine sacl ante of nominal ipl sense within he gnere Stowe 1978 an thn 1984 ke he copa Yb aig vera verb os ot assign any tele and case bute smal Senco i cmplement. The int ‘hu rane tks the enteral ro om the eon oe nd mis oe il psi ote sence shown in 2) nd 23), (22) be oh totes (23) os [4 he tnd “Ti aporoach, owcver, dsb ty dsinton woe tine od eave ese io scout So i nal, te Sn pre of te ete sel ie ftom te subj psn ote sete ial postion me enn 2), (24) Toten Jah) egpe 1987, sceping te psec equiv sence, ike Jon hat och, say dt cate he othr Cha aoa into renig pire mist have ben mised fm the peice positon of an stibuve nia ‘opal see Accotng ter, ndfnichon refereeing pole ely with phase gilly late nh rates poson The mort onal evden of Hei 1987 is ht the foun the bse oder an et othe Hao te second ou prs ‘whereas inh need strc the foes an yb nthe Sead nen pre 08 seein 5, (25) 0H wa te toc {49 The TEACHER was Joh (vit te nn-eentl eing of the cher) sed op sme tte in eae’ wok ich wont et it der, he ‘echo 2) dws sho a fxs of a argue cae oily et Willams who ace at cap stences ce die int Ho ps A ex and egies, ter ee Wills 197) claims at tae ely 20 ‘eave serene, He snes tht thee i an epistemic ifn, oan rym‘xween th to noun phe. coding o Wiis 1997, he ea th the ajo i ‘eft bathe pete at le andthe piv prs shoud ely be ‘Consort refenl tha he jet te In fc twas ote by Hegge in 198, og bet Willams 197, at sere sa symmery between the 70 tout phrer of sonia copula sentences and ‘Senate the nun phases cn ee be sect alee o he Scud oo Tower poson in semanie Nerchy tat she proposed for English in 20. Denotes ig at ep fh at ae flowed by oper nuts, Sofie ous ‘imc sd nly indefaenon pte rape. (28 demonseatier> ropersone> eine desis > nti weave ore ek tthe vein (256) of Hep, we ez at be me referee af the ist nun pase cn ol be posible whe open ed {she mend aoe pase trie se rset hi etna 27) ie ‘dig wl asap (27) Teter its wom ‘Vm 2013, lowing Wiliams Hes in 1997, popes to putative or suas ll nomial cop eters, dere sae aya nil cps ty coming aly aletil copa sentences ax abaives, Accra f Bt Hops er at po abe nomial copa serene. And lowe Hegge's erry 196, Unun 203 cast whether sri copulate comb vere trie by & soni ery wich ome sd defined be 0 ema ropes of un pss (hw deiseen, speicy gery) He a a ‘nly thee garmatalywel-frmed ens tha ite this By sod be ‘ose at vere There, eject te airy Tors 1986 wich tte proposes a vernal eon btwn hs mdb etme a) md (28) Bsn Deka Att Dla) ene “Ove dois A.D: Abe: Dama bin dann) mer de Pe NC Se 5 Thee sexier notin ti ae wor ore bu nde fom cookin haya et deed fom on and nar ‘Now following he icy in Uri 203, as ht semi ery Sr sou pans nepal snc ar coslingialy enol The pay ‘of aguge sch a presots of artes ed emontntvese he sbisntion of enna alt lion with debonsaves nay vary te hci earn oun prs herr, cs tha hs chy may ft he eee ‘lass btmee Psd cops diereny er angus ‘etre singin he examples fom dfee langge, f' so he semantic clonienton of son pee Turke sumed by Uni 209 an hry fo Teri ase proposed by Un 203, (09) Assamese of NPs sumed by Uz 2005 ‘inte spec generis. TNE ype + 7 NP pe + PNP ape f (60) Acasa Un 203 1 and? esl ponwn(ersen)> (ching proper nut 3 pel pron) Infetinte sponte NPs ‘efit eerie NPs> The casiteton in (9) ad he hes in 0) imply a esol, when ype ina setae, ager withthe tous phase atte tp of te honky ndependaty of potion te Seece fhe vo tous passa vo onc ve diet pecs exes, bene pas whose es ger each ermine he zee Now, Jo chek th nee with Takis expe: (31) Beno einenint)$8 pin or Lice 1 ater Cops 0 greener tein tata -Cops "Oem ets) In Gn, bso on he bse wor adr ft a Tuk he fa enn poman ic esi te ft num pre pston i the svi of he sexes aod the puis a eine wit eit pasos maple However ie the moun pra in ened ot, 31), we se ts ine he copula ‘es wt the nan pre in he seco postion soe his ved ae ti the ‘ject Again we see a the fp sot lament detemios te agreement. The imcepaliy of he foes on th ft pra i TP) shows that hi sees ier (2180 basemen RENIM *0.OGRETMEN, besin(i) ‘Ad te sentence in (eae te unacepaityof ehidpnen agreement nepolgy ‘The ft in 3) ate at, nic i tional coir a ei enon rotou, cas ab bea ewan pron pronoun. Tere, en ht peal ono oe divie into to a nd 2" personal posts and hee i hid Heyeock snd Krach 197 exp Iw te copula va nin gre with he sous pein the scond poston in Mors exams by pining te srabing ‘es ofthis nguge Ty sea ecmnecon Reson the fit hat he NP ine second postin inset of pulser and tet ath abet of see ‘naan comer ter be ve ul pa, “This pei counston could lobe made Soe Tush, whic hae serambing ferns ar well However, Heyeok nd Kroch 197 wold eight only ie wher ‘Seunges at aver srt bd av pal seri oe ei en Re Posi Cet Bess, tbe srmbling eae not ine, Some agus alow seaming fey ke Tekh ome ters ie Hain are le roe sd et El shows hi fexre ‘ery pony ow mach rain wl be slice for esi? ‘hen we del wh veson which as moy languages fees, we ae forced oy Bat he ce mnt eta hy el acs of gages, tthe poi, ik we can expan unexpected seins spect of ngage tough te fonfguron fiscal categories io etc Mey. ‘Let's bave a fok at Sri showing pull bhair with Ian and Ud with “urn especto th pean rotoun irc. nai, peso pono a vied int oe ws fr “yous fore and the oplr ve conjgated in dhe ies fers wih se dae snl seo: Jno fr It peso ing, fr 2nd peso singular ad fo ‘he person sae ene cr Ge) hi Chey (23) son (ef pean ingle) Se (he fr pn nga) © che fr pon ie) ‘And the pean pogo wich came it inca ao he pron pronoun, ermine te agree nai You se (3), 69a wweote “ayo elainete inme Ie invert exanpes is (34) th pone the end poston wich wil eis the i pion afer he version dos alow the cpu verb gee wie ‘ronoun which wien he cod pon ar he verso ny he a a a ey aos ths type o catia with he ven NPs awe mw (18). Onan betas team 1 aa Ine, personal pronase vied ho into te af fr" foro nk omfor"be" md he copra x cnn acing te peel ron, com cr i Ge) om Che) (27)30m Ce" oe 1 eon iglan) {1 (be foe2n pean sie) Je (te e3" pono nel) ‘Ad inthis Ing, he personal ponan whic ames Se caig ae the 3° enon poson deinen apt a ii. (28) Jasam bts Ones ia Aan pea ponun in Sri low he copula vib to are with te pronoun te eon posto, afer veins wen 9) Howser, Serbia ju ie ln xy alow the eoplr vs o age wth he reson pon inthe eon poston whe the fist posto ie by an overt NP weserin 0) (40) Doctors Doct et) on ‘These examples ind tst bs eo ameuges neal pasonl proce tee asia he era: (Oe he te ad a Und tough dion thar ae tse pal rots ‘mon fo a for oad we feeb, subject agaement ft ae oe Sones in ain nd Sein, (apace cry tum Ceo") vo chester) (42) (fr pr sng) ho efor psa snl) hee" for 3 eon sings) ‘ed, jt ke Takis pt te hit eon ooo in ifientplie ot ter enol penne Agrees ci pmlc snes ae Ge sane a a “Turkish in every spectasin 8) (yen tn taentmbo Tyan 1 youre “tamyou" btummenbo ‘Tunmenbun Yousiris Kien Soin ain, Urs has oly mo pen rou fo th ta wood ernst ronan () at be sane sos with te ober Pons oe ‘ery Ud as wo so Tui ice cent oem om eet ‘patil posts. One of hse pronouns unied nao persona gests vot nda nd Tek se on ofthe densontie prea thei penn pono, Athi ping an ince comes om th enooteclasifitons ate angunges decd he Thee ae sei denon pronons depen fo he id peor prooun in in i Srbn (@s)quee hie” cade tha gull Sa ain 4A problema cae Kaen m Konan we fn demonsttive pronoun indpodet of peronl one, 9 we es ht the stet NP be vari nat igh on he rate NP Inet erry. Dut he pci ot le ‘at ete pro pronouns in Kee ft wm en) mo (you) sh Chest) mi Cae) dinptie (on) dl (ey) ‘Ad i ngugs depend demons ons, ou in 7) enim nin Cpe 8 ant aie) eo Cat) ‘But Kora hss penal agement syste ed on pie elements So, here no way tre he vein eats ete th om aes in nin cou secs (48) NosaNeo sau ka oar ayant semen Dowie WerYouilyTey ther Cop [As you sce in (8), the copa elemet (ha) never changes ie eet pronouns in he set postion, o po green lin sy thing bon SSvemsn. At this pint eine fr lesion may cme fon ange ae of 1m Koro, whon be abject Honore suai ad a he rte plrue pecan the soplr clone 80, i & caper sence caring ths Imre maf, we an sy at hr iverson fe se hoi le ‘skein be seed pion ad no hora ement nips 1 9, te mbit eno Roar hn he pl dos it ee wir ooo There he aseacal se aks (3) sri (49) Daag n--daldnshina SietNOM yoo Cop DEC The thitinyo" Dadogd “nsdn dang But if me Bol dodo le la he Ht psion and we pte Hoar wort songing “pee in he wed pore, we sr tha the nil sls my ene bef te pla een you ee ou compare th eters in (0), (60), Soong dodo sha ofenar NOM hip (han. DEC "Te peor the the+ neti Koa gat 2 Dalog samen). (he NOM pts Caphon)DECL “Thetis the pros” (ous, the sete (0) wil sound mae naa fe chge te cope tenet with he amen of exlmatn yo sen 1 (61) Dadopsoeeng ai) odo soe Dodo sonseng 4) gum Alison olen cae apes when the sentences in (8) and (30) ae ut teptiee The ences in (5) stow os ta Keren seo xg ia tems of Inversion involving te pena rons and hs lagu us ts eon posts ‘sling te tid pono m a igh peo han the NP in the chy Bate Sensei (50) wengeely sow us hat Kaen i si Tekh Rainn tems of agement fics inolving bonoraieal NPs and is Ingsge dos’ ook ‘srenon when the opal setences have onorcl NPs ‘nthe ote bod hs poblemae cse fires wo conde tat Korean ps honor NP in he irc as prereset oly a eet 0 ttooment bat in pert ven, Conan “This ppe spp te ci at ves ft copula sentence ee tein by a seam ery. Maeve, ims hat enepeed bev of pel ‘prosumer of even canbe explo on how anges rank ir Tex eapvis i 6 semantic Hear, at ted on ning eter se langnges Tiss where crossings vations ei evel, Kron it ted to omer is xpi sign since it smth ate tthe nel exaining engage meni tt Fa omen ein Gr Ses 8 (itl, 201, Taiyo te moot ya ec: Te Fark eae ono sae ue Prk aed Et Tsao Bains. eg 7, Unie pees Cpr Secs ei 185, Te yt ef Cpr Sacer wpb otra he, Soh Cais Hoye © A Kinch 197, lesion an auc in Cop Sess: Prose ‘ero on eke, 245 Paper ngs MB 1-78 tgs N20, Oa YOK ¥e a paper psn he Nn Cones chk Lingus VD, Mace Unie, hrs 196, On opr chime Ti 245 Paes gis 6, ied by ae LB 972, The Tush Cpl: The Fs Bad Sr 5, ied by In Wan, Dac lid 6.7. Mor, A185, Sl! Git Pave Noi: Sand Soar 2 Small Mer, A197, Phe Rating of Peat Prete Nan Pte nd th Tey of Ce Sree, Canig ner Pre Co, Sm 17% Ww Th ee Te WTC Lp Se Sowell 186, Sic Ass Cais. Me Ling Rove 2.27.28. Tun SS. 186, Deis a Rfeminy i Tks Noo See Sa hes Lin, on Boni 165.194. Une, NE 208, Tapes Koy Tome Onin, paper pol in Nao Ceneree nTtis Linger OVI, An ner Ee ‘winany 197, Anema af pio: Proceso te 197 Ter Linge Scie Che, lb Big Rv M. Mona, ea igi Fee 3, 32-93.Periphrastic Modal Expressions in Korean and Japanese: ‘A Cognitive and Socio-cultural Perspective ‘Ttsuhara Moriya Kaoru Horie ana Univesity Toho Univer ead "has een pon out at Korean and Japanese how female pris isthe ama of expen of epee and dene modes Namely he m0 langage ‘ae pce mid expression in common at stows in (I) and) (one 03.205. (0) pte edatiy “wen psi (Koren) to) mau (NOM) kw) 2 Coun neonate ta mote pis ay g 1 Kowa yet (Upanse| —ta ma ie na (Ql now-NEG) THUMG-TOP act year Koweo go my FOL may goo Kee et yur * Tie cat euch pj tr ply gyre ye Gril fe See ur fo eine Sy fhe ann of So On S239 aby ‘ets Usery $1 Cay Come of cls (C08 Pog Games “Ree ‘nt Bn Coot meg Apc Lange od Caps” ip Pre ‘Rta he elt yarca ef a ope mas reste eel ag Se ‘sell fA ans Pog inten shih wa eg ean 88 Ea eed Sahil cen y ot me Ko dP Inguiene Kee Linge 20806 Tenens Mont Rao Harte(2) Deo mdi “prision” [Koren] yells ecm wd) A Yaise amps alpine tnt? ‘ts pce-LOC eiguete ACC smoke CONT my POL “May Toke (i eOR eT mate bet) (pues temo (GER ond) DKolode tabalog arte medidenka Wirplace LOC demete ACCmhe-GER "may POLO? The purse of this paper to explore cogiive Hingis and sored impicstono his paral tion of mol expenses Korn and 2. Dircetonsy of ranmateaton an ambiguity Modal exeesions, whch ed to wee fom verbs or maint we genely considera be profs of gammnnizatn nthe eae om gaia, ite pera arent tat epee rida exes we ily Sr fom fete mode For example Engh dal many can which oval eto ‘now ata main vt, fist end ot posi, an then aed he rig of pst psy Tease 197), Bybee (198195) sess th weal eof he change cos guages: (0) 1s clew hat te epee sete develop Inter tan, sou oy te sentir he Blah dal, where he ee et ‘Ten sey me that ier mages acta proposed by Sweet (199) or coventonliaon of impeare s roped by Tra md Konig (191) i oposieorthis usdeetnaly “Ate eraceitie conser to be aly utr & petal of anbigty "Me flowing sbi ae wal a te pa ACC; ADN alam (ONiemjaete CSbecmece mi DEC cee Fay mod mer [Govt Gita MAb; LOCsineie, NOMI Era PEnipercePbSepsm wor FOL™ pansn Qheuon” SCSEmenese ‘cehlg TOP tps UPS pad ema sh ee, Yerwee det an epee ofthe moda expeson min (4)Sonomst te mai (mean ter “itis ees fr Joh be maemo erin at ‘cn sais). Sch big ismtully expected epistemic oda age (gat) prow otf dest mle 8: Developm of Modal Assasin anguges tke Jopanese, Hower, do aot neccurly flow this upposcly iver edecy. AS dense by Here (997, cathe eofime ta Siganse moda aes vl it a sn mater, i pte of he peticton of ‘Byes eta (98) in Ol ons, te were seve alas whi ede bo ‘pistenic al ote medi shown aS ° Deoic ———pisemie ste Optom, Inetion"Caaity enn Protbley ai (Courrier Ho997-40) Abou hs sitions supercilysimi the onemanifetedn Madr Els itis vey fica ide whe thepisemic meting was derived fo the den Icing or ie vers: bts deo sl pst eet Ba aad Ds ety ‘ein hole ext wn documents wae made (Hone 1997-81 I act de pies meaning seems ¥ hve ben fn dominate cv syn of Od Japan aed by scholar of OU panes Talay (20211). "Aoi haces ofthe develop! of spanner a oly & few of Ol Joante valves survived int Maden apne Eve toe at sve ch at dab), spacey underwent sean nonin ta of Semantic een. otis Modem Japnee ised aly a4 dene el ‘arson of gn. Koed (200 ois et a et us ecm ee Hagen ‘eas a sexes peite bt more fen we onsen that jo dana whch deed fe: Ol apne mu ton a ene eal tee expres istic modi70 pier a Ligier From rund te St cmt, ew yripatie dal exesons such a a mo sient (posi, of -nolore be naanl (obec) Dean 0 ppt a8 Compleat he decesing Old Jpaene uren Tog tat proces, psec {done moa egress became gene dict. Caney, in Moder Sipunes,thre ae few francer of moa tans ebbing deamon ‘ebigay, Fabermore i ooo nooperiini aures Eng,deaie ‘poten epee aaa apase an co-ceurin esaeelns (6) Karena ase gation damakrea nara Se Toptomanow stota goat amo ena. “Hema hve ote seal tomar” lack of lar ination of wid develapnen rm deanie w episi day in apne an he seeingly predominant mature of epsteie mnaltyin (it preset dss on he ality ee pokes of wdc semac change om cote malty Yo episen ly Lck of tm aig is Pied meaning a Moder anes alo ler fom the pases xen noth ngage ‘We wil sei he folowing Soon ta hese characteris re ao fun in Korean Tis paalllisn is aguly instumeal in tbe developmen of pummaticalznbon ory eer 4 Paratim beneen Korean and Japanese ‘As shor in (1) and), Koreas shor realest o Janse i be ‘oding of oly, Hore 203) oats ut wo sj sats bee te 0 langage) aia encoding epistemic malty we formally ste fo hse seeing dente ly, an (i) he joy of miei ae he psc ositucties. The inventory of modal ates on the bs of whch Hose 203) ropes sch generalizations as flows et a Epa ne 71 shad dro aaa] Fem Masi caw cme pss wes a a silty (ong) i es | oss (ong) ur essai Aget vested modality age] om Maing ers oe daira | hi alerebe mara | obliga ol de eblignion mei peomision 2 fo adn | eos fi evan /naronss | eae of prin [Korea Lewis72 ia a ie [somone] aepnion af peta | tion tbiion ph ese re (2003208 pay modish Concerning the st point (Le. () main cling epistemic malty are ‘ory sine fom toe ending dees nay), Wyma (1996) ges at Korean dos hve mda ure owing deetosptn igty on (Dt © te balun tym sre beceallen' ADNPRES Republi Korce NOM re soe _pchunie eome-CStx no LOC roustndig ADV oi hevipaies Destine ADNFUT thie UFSIND SCS 1) "Am even ee excl Repbli of Kore wil rie a sie hin be srs) 1) “am even mae exelent ROK mst ait nd shine fh nthe wos (Gents) Wyman 956 116) ‘fc, car trans ct he dens edn (which spr th ei hat "ai la ages it uch dl bgt exis in Jane: (©) Got no anoint ohrige aster itor GEN tt Com-LOC HgSeNOM manent the Ui of (rom ot) te fh Nori tamed on, bee) mast be alec yi (200059) ‘ate a xeon ite 72 ji 2000) ues hat he md aig), which ply ned om can ener seis sine the it al tbe eens pete te ‘idence foresee judgment. Ths judge! eens gi dubious wo us But even if ‘wht ate syn comet such acne ck ee egen han in Engh oer ‘Eaopen npg Conceming the second poit Ge i) he majority of mola ures ae the espa contract) thre a ome cate bth in apnea Korean, whe ‘ss pepe ods expen cools wi © mere pergrac one whch ‘ores te sano Ried of oll. But « Sigh dies exits Rete oe ‘resin as stad by pas of priate oes obigasn Sipura Karen, 1s) 2d ie more pera oun (18 1 60)4 Kono tegumio_ yombede 1 Kono deganio. yomenatercemaranat this letecOB tead-mstDECT “mst a sete. (a ipo tl eye bea 2 tpdpencil lebant-umjon an teyzeie ‘ister OB! read CONT mae DECLPOL le) mt ed i ee” (000) ypialy exes more sbjive aie tan (10). For example, te ‘peer wants tos smcoe oe ie ete, wills) On tet andi ‘One exter ie comps somo od he ead he speaker marly eps te ston, he wl we (10). Ths, 1) s more colo and conveys soon ronie modal resnng hn (109) The sane ital re fo (11), Aso 5 Kn (9K pins ot at a ie Sec xt Bee ea a At tn chad exes tnt 0 Beee tor camrsorie © TimeuctO® eneccon OMe ane 9011 se toe 8 ce it tsp ey ie es i oe7 pen a Lies ‘Wyrm (1961089), chonbumgon an tort i i es feet and judg 0 “tzove ese ere of singe of etn” tan ear. Ou iaformans {ndgneos on (1) abe scar wih Wyman eatin. Astdsbve, poe perpratc modal irr ch amare naa trestle thn thei es pvp coats Sth bd. The ‘iting depos of garmacslaton bewoon the two gigs of alae ‘eft ne eel dere of oma ein ap the acon ema toc, ne wih eines of ganar proposed By Byte ea (09%) Ssesinifar nea exist Reet, a ted in (11), Bt 90 ‘aresoabe fame tat more pete ml aii Karan ah ‘lanhamjon ar tora isoacly never nls prac mol aun ttanegwtoa Th, fact hat Ken nd epee she hese periph dl ara presented nha (18) ery nrg rte flowing earns Filth {te developer of Kran langue ot acne ery melded hat of Jigar te say nthe inventor of oll egos in bth anges, ‘tin not wcenomle io sme that moda airs I ot langaages ve gone hough in pts of elope I hat te cane, the Koreans pans ta can be sd 1 show (tt he develop puta of mod exes i mre ‘able thn Bas ee evap by previ poop werk on nataliztion ‘ck a Dybee ea (1990), snd (i dat i rtreneseeny ow rae the “aivelst chim of uiiecbonlty i the domain modi. Secon te ‘eae simi in he iver of th eit ol expen oud e ‘ringed tp some common sociocuiunl cs) erwoot he fo. Eapstc commu eying esearch question ‘ne posible vee of he commonly isthe inane exe by Cis Chines cn te lee punta! sien of Keven nd lps, As pened eu by ‘Yra( 1935, curer expen in aan, such au Caen) rer (sos), K-dome atop) ae how have evel fom Cla Chitese ‘hough natin Olt Keen own have eelped sma ay of rang Sita cn i it gh ocr, mnt ew ne iis ens (hy gh mascots yo (a) Sagar cnet by n ‘ntsc chip tly hepa: Oe hr Dan) ing thse ‘sl ch ym ge er ce ak ate Peep en en rrr recaee t o from Chas Chins, ws evese bythe excaaton of Od Kerns tari les, Tei hr git pote tat te simile way of tang Casal Chin lo rll evelopment of pias mol xeon not Kore Jeane. ‘hs conjecture is prove o Be onthe Hel Wok can bed Light 6) ROW societal the wy grmmuteizaton proces, and (3) why Koren an pues have at of pera modal exes in cman 5 Contuson We fave shows Set ta. coneay 16 she aie chion of nina eclpment of moll exes (Cg. Bybee et al 1988), Janse sows 20 ‘cite sgn of ach econ and nt pte ml errs cm tive ten more pennant tan done exits, Seon, jing fom te al isbn of epee mol exremion i paar and Kee, we be ‘ped tht mod expssions i Koa se mst ly to hve falowed sia ‘eral patsy t that in apa and thar the moval soir inthe two langues ire very part forthe developmen! af a mae compete thy of ipemtealznn. Thy, the sme of perphate mca sie nthe ‘mo Imguger seg 3 omnon rcoclsal ctr infin both Koran and ‘pase One cnt fr sck ter Chl Chis, ich fii Kocan ‘sn apace og sin, tha aati ths pots in ou net agen ‘ye 184, Sem dace ve a the ep fmm ening ‘Pocnlg of te Fl CKL2O4 af! proses dal Mees of Berga Se 27-264 yh Rai, ad Wubi 19M, The io of Gromer Towed ond Mol hangar of he Worl Cage Te Une Chg en Homan ME 19 The meng te oda peed -mean Englh The Hage « Pa Keno mae te tes rey oe cn Ker Fay sed Eat 2 tr ny os par ye nage pee [tofprpnte val egrenom orang op gosal, S208, Ms mdty w sn hi oe He — po, tai 0 ar ar pens eal ad a phere: Eline os et ‘sf gamacaon od pny) Kort Kags Knkyin (Tbe Natal Ince fi pe Lag) Bich ody oe oor - ado ‘hg haf Mody ad Reason Te Cues pe, Flan Tete ona, 271 ‘Sep $12 “From det aes: ms moi ey fi roles an gue ton "In A. ANG Paper me aoa forenoon Hua Lingus, Ato Beanie 316.2% aie, K 197 Formnaing nso Dry. h Cae Sty en Dent” ilo Ling 2849 i 2008 "Die! Manfrns of “Moti” bere pte nd Kee A "yoga Pepe Clb Sj tale) (01) Bnpea and Thr Icons Ino Langoge A Powe fr Maem Kaa 20526, Ta ends, ¥. 200. Mongo Ho Bape Aran (Ee Tay of Jpn Doce Gram Tbe Stn ao, 5 1985 Sin on Auge Kk (A New Say af pene Gram). Tay: ‘ayama,¥ 200, Mog Mme Sha Kan (A Mie Sty of Mota apne) Toy: i Sho “en, 197 iy Gn tn Te Keka conf ali eyo). eye Kesyeta ‘enges C_ and. Hoh 1991 Apache Gramma 2 vl, Asta ‘Bevan, "ge EC a, Kini 91, he seman pgm of gamit vse” nego eon. vol 189218. yma, AT 196 The grain f May xR. Ph eran ey loa on te flown wetter neat dep Yas, 1935 Kanon hn pr mineraeto gat (Une ed ar te apmete way feng ca Ch) Tye Het Lexical Aspect of Child and Adult Language in Turkish ‘and Korean Seda Galstm Gokmen ‘Atra Unies Stanion spect going be coma with what Smith (191) cl wot spect Sian asec isan inet pop of a verb and is azunest. nd ‘resus tote fir VanerDowty vb css, The station apc of ve eis pic elusd om tee fone stv sighing sts Ue Tove, wat nko rom proce ike Ki gah nd ik) aay singing nctin eves ite Key, np td ch he op en Sst ced in ie Ui ‘hin, ite sol in mou) ad ety singusing evens ih ata ompsive ei Ike win toe and make «sandwich fa he which sing ‘emit ie al sind) Wye (2001) Ka (1989) ao Ten (194) pins eu ‘athe ate dsinon tego he sec of (Sunde) tral agement ‘meson ow the even, Fale, a esate seal clase poring an nd tothe ver. smrenananece‘Ths fares ae ways of desig the apc prope have pase as by ve of wt eae ae a cae i rv ee proces (celine) rei, bean ides on vet Gt ares «pov at er «ei outa ens a al completion pit (he tek ae) “The Aspecual Hyper presmpos orcas fsa ant of verbs, ich a eed inten fhe empl proper of he suaton wich he Yb Fire deren Ths clinton i tel onthe work of schlock at Vent (0967, Dowty (197), Moura (98), Sait (1989, 186, 1991. The eens ‘ne defied flow: Sis ae ste stato al at whic hae a0 dye, nd cots without aint et being pli. Sits pois ot ht eer sd abil pedatons te ema sane (199139) The basi amples ae love, ee “Aces ae posse tht which has dato, bt witout + necemry endo. ‘hemos impor eso ty ves tt hs bier dps Soe Yl ety vee, al plying "Te accompli sation pe canst of proces nd ote, change of st The cane ithe completion af he proces Type! camp ae make cba ail « tse ple of alt. When a process with «natal al pit reaches it come, he process comple nd cet eon, excep wi 2 Tecra pce isaac nd edb 1 singe poi i tine Sih pin otha ima sages ae associated withthe cng ine, ey tarde conceal for event elf (Sith 199130, The sampler a reece sus waa 2 "Tenor anes cmhne sh tem pei he ton of son nine. ‘of tenpor advtlscan be shown a below (rah 191155, — = acting adel conto the pcioion of Rene tine aon tine ‘he soncoge whch ha owe Tening hci the aera peal spss Reteence Tine, Losing vrai ae ok frome aed urn vi conte othe ton of aio in ie Sih episse tht thse Kn faders re compatible wh ate sentences and od its ats (Sm 191150) (Compete advil lets an event as ner, ding whch the eee opie. They se tec in aspect stem. Sith eaplasies a they ae ompale wi ic eet tn od with ae (Sm, 1991157), Sith als pois at tht fs complete aerial fas ely an ingress Sterpreaon i» pen ‘ote, he ton yp of hat see achive Sith, 1991158). Treucncy aes ie ior tht oes othe empleo of sition. They ae wed nde the roaretpters of ert sts ta he pcs of gues ave mais steely aan “The ai of hi sy i eal the role played by engraadriein & serene mit dein he lee ast feb cap ta oie fom dierent ge goup. And futher fora a rototype of combined wage of temporal adver ‘eth ston type. There, 08 oe had Ge purpose 0 ely inet Topsanose of ning set, md on he oi nd Sle the intercon twa te votre riz on child ed al ngage oman, ‘AbseKoy (9805) gre hal nave tex th Bld of Ing, & ‘naive pe nich el wih epovndingbskroding amcgemec and ray of ngsae sates in ping tempore nna, eve follow ech bth scotng to a ie pate an the nsec of ifr, nl be made Wiis the fmework of he tae. In he achieve! of sat of tanec, veal veo pat le in incing ine nl sae arangeven ad ae ved fs text eer nton The aves nag tine srangeme! wl be mle a temo marae ten, he spe of beg adverbs al so ed gage ‘hare futon pes an into, wl be esd within he is ‘fis. The sy sree ro acc queton [is here» Ged ptm of sequence he sequen or wage of tempor ti in Tish guage? 2 Consdering alt Inpsge, thee ay conection between emp velo tation Sper? ‘ate: The preset su lee the loving dam fo hee diet ae soups speaking Tush hf grap, arate esau i lyre aed “derad ie re tand fom chien of 25-40 ages in escent ero on sien of 7-12 ages and in he dint ep fom adults of 18-24 ages. Wit he ‘pono 25-49 yur od ein, he ter no groupe nee ak omasi a gt fatale vet in th ie, The bined es of al the ver nd hi pet sucte ae te in Es an ere subjected te ay compare. Nantes of ‘sbeets oenh gosp cn be shown Below 2. The Turis Lexie Aspect Uages ‘The rol of the da consing alt Innguage in toe 16 the statist! rations in Pel re handle in Your exo Te epns ae, wes of tempor! verbs wags of tation pe, inercions of Staton pe empra voi eel aratos dees of emp adhere 23,Age 1624 tau age 4 The mst uc ed tempor arbi in at ngage aie ext are eeing adverbs wih 30%, The ek conning loeing aval fad [nngang eran a cle ares th age crachy seh Tae Fen aia [selene | n Te mt quent employed etry in stmsion pes sae Howeve, itis ley obvi ta uaa dt i tei beeen consent an ste ‘Ate king pit uate inthe Tale eh low peng in he ge | sciviy,shuton yy Level act wage Hemchy ex flows se > ‘eonplsieot> achievement ay, Ee), ool Ameo ho A Lng ai aE (mie ipe_[ foe Sata sagt | a0 = [rane ia 2 = 8 o ‘Te asi pgs ne «The intron bon engrave andi enn te frm of msching seen in Table 3 Te feqeney of wae of daratn, compete ae lcsing dea with ate situation ype ene, wheres ony qty dvr Ie wed wily wih aenmplshmen Te et at compete avril Dave ev een sed wih acy sturion Qe is ter evoke 0 iy. On lager as ong atria re ed mare feuet etapa wi her pe nd copia eel is abril pe bows gh mf wage wih al ation pe Tepe [Sashes engney [Winey [at] es Ate [Se fee iis ‘eompiamer |e [za ae [een a lan Acomginen_|1 [ws lon Acct [iat [sta]12 gee Kor iin “able 3 ses he at eves Hang whch he ih ati in the sind sage of lating adverbals ad sua tps. Accmplshnent xa ate sion ‘pps ae commocly tnt with lcxing adver The age Geqeny of thee eras with acconpiimet and sate ves ar Mgr tha tbe aes. The ‘eto hows pra te wih ta nei ngs “d Tabe tr ttn 1 spl of cori eating ade bie fm, Jats bn on mart fet. Taking no accor ety of vocbu, the tbe ‘brows ight upon te ote ta oing aval wen compe wit ob yes show » are vary of ug. The long neti ck a, dn "ys" sa fxen ome as eat ed wth al santos ype Tf was sve {fn ada hive wed thee alerts with all nds of saton pes. Ti sees tow slow mires witha of wage langage ee ens A | eee hig a i'r a Cage [et ot name aga eave | cing Ant a nt 22, Age 25-40(Cn19 Use ‘Ts evahtions sn ts onl Ings ave ben det wih i fr iat cates. ‘The mos garter ci by iene 25-40 i ating deal with igh prentage of 16 Ths re fring tte age op of 2:5- 4 indies ht cing aden ae agar and se italy opened oor ‘pps Table 5) The teapot advil uege Mt of cid Healng > Irguency > ton > eomlctve [respare ate canto ti : Lena fn A Langer ed Ratn 2 Accomplishment i the most commonly wed eter in chil wages. This igh pecenige es us 1 sake the follwing ssanpen, cen we sell omnplhnent vere Turth bed on his uy dat, ion, we ou cumplhent nd achivenent verb to oe clas onsen the ty Ws swept 75, “These esl sows sine wih Gen 200, Ged e200), knee (2 and Sh Andes (1995) fncing tot Turki, Keven angio (semen and Les Kevan dt we ce mar schisvement verbs tan compe eth, even though Ge difeence ino o0 sign However, i Sina and ‘Andersen's (199) sats, th peeage of achive! vos fi bight at facconpie! verb The cere itingsahing ween he 9 eb ass tight fave ten » lite irene Koren chthen nigh tive med re toomplahment ve, Achieve vee nd aenplihness ver, bowers, ave Epos rely coon even nah frm ate pt rian tte ater ave he pacn pt in ton. Ths sme cls rp tem nt one Chas. Towle sf we mee te, We et the 89% fe Kates Hower Tats Sane sth ieee in espe fhe ess In Tks a, copie ‘er cla tae predomi tan he ter cle. And alo in Tih te vy ston pe nage prenge rel are same. The sage ach ‘is etgiy i acoaplsbnett>achivenent > iy > sat abe) “alec peepee on pa TAD 5 The meson betwen temper adele and station types Jed 0 the falowng cat (Table 7) All tempol avers indente egunt ge withga ang complet station eso, purl tat npg, ‘sun types alot vere wf cnletve ave, However Be interaon between nog advan acorn tation ‘ype pom he ight eunecy rate with LS ated nt Thea oie om ke hs ts sty, roves Ban nape eration which cn pve he ‘wy fr ss om bid ngage seuston bierrchy and ad ngage Comesacy, hs wae rile eingshld Inge sity ovis «pro ‘ype ara lngugeA pol ek coer alguns, my enue i ac onan can ily become ret p= ‘tof tempor ari mere ae whch vs, Ti ry ‘phe. Sit and actly setence mere ako bad tel kl ep verb. This stows saan o Gent's 202) ress asi a ee ee = ee ee oman (Es a aoe ae oe eee iss 4. When Begun supe of npr! aves with sution type ae aie ecru oa ous, we eouterterening enone Tale 8). Chie ne '9e group 2:40 ase leno nivel as heh gute a oppred © Be oer seria is category aber re mot cmon wed wih complet sition pe ads thee res he ue of chive shows ere hil ows pan twa tered ht he rate ton type wis wed with mre es sme Sequences. The as wo fins ae very oe © Glen (2012) Sings [ements —[Ssoe ye [assa [3095 [asap Prasad | ie feontecasly ami [7 [Spans iors Sine Tea nfs fia] {et Dna PE a «The eqn ge navel chi lngag roves tobe cating aes Bai amples can eso a Table 9s se hat yn a, or “he's a ‘tomerw” lcing srr have company wet usage. Ther, an be bse in dle, wa tered ht chen at wl the ae wll Lids of station ype. Seon, eqeey avert wich conn Tend sept keh te fof ine ii ee oro eso al exe sas pending o he ston tp Hower, hes indo ers have edo gs ‘eth and ahve(i a et esa Ape Aang Tekh al Kor 87 eg As [Sn lo aw pe [uy At eer hm, etre [ene [xt ‘be giles eos [ple A [a tet “Tie ea NSN SA 28,Ao07-12 Usage 2 Te mative tts peaing to 7-12 age gop, he mot tony employ ‘eee ave be eating veri (0%), Usge ere i aranged ac: Ieeing > comleive> age > eraon panos aeeTare ts 4. aig ri hs omen ee Sper can bese Tal 1. ‘Te mst commonly el itaton peat, Ug rch a Be sd . st scompnineet > eehlevemea> ay. pani eee ont Nai {oer apes a peg aoe ©, The imecon btnen tort ati sd ston ype somes an Pen Ni ‘ntreingotome. With he exception of raion veri empl ave ae ‘el wits scupstne station yen Th stato pr wih ange [cme nv An htt peas8 itn a Lit tn al marae tet af afl (16.24 yar age 7-12 age eo, a 25-40 eu he mat equ enplyed empl neta! nels specs ong ‘svetins: Da signifies ht hres os pr Sevees sequin aod wage Dierks Tie Sing gies at sigan ct about she mace of Tuk. The nl ine Beveue aa ngage and cid langape appre urgent, wich abe conse oto fr hid anguge 2. The st commonly usd tution ype in alt Inuage nd 7-2 age op sate es, ese, Whees in id ngage, accom eas aa ad ta, We Know tat cilden ae wives serie to eves wih eo gos Regain be ry fay the word ch the ft hat cornet ‘tsa nloed move commonly than te oes al ote Conse. ‘heat of Tush ile’ sg of sao ps es tan a's. Tis cn Be ecb a shies tc wage geting dered dpedig om owt, Prods, fmeoping the Inuage exalt pale to powth cats thie spc ao 5, When thes cific dt are nals ly tm of ton pete set th chart low cree. Acorn hi char, ey, comme and ocing areal are enployed with scompinknn verti al stein “4 Thea employment af ivi sasion type and complete ave coves a sll peerage inal da In oder o make 4 fur comelon repute ‘een, we ed dao ger ele Losing tom the pepectve of lel dvi, he st comenonly wd setae reso alent ar a nomen’, 6 Dette commen eee of esa pect and ome neil of argument snc wil eghen ser uaeatn (an sos), The tno pore of he Gicuon bien te comme rage of veal ast nosing adhere ‘een he eicpesolangnge aeuson sn ge ablsing lswing adverts fil i ch Tagua may Ted o cra atl hens Chen sue pet races in ngage wii a ocr and Lesa Ap Chan Aa angie Tish Ron 82 mot fel avons abot pops as ws do. Ao tis rea in chiens len tn simple mao. The inference aware pyre ccs enes eo Acer the fnetons of ings sractues (neh ar arbi) tne wot ty icy, Sees erie! ca lg, wil amit the een te int Iingage very fing cncering te conto af he eect of beet lea apes of weiss lating aera, wl sequel be pli sts ‘ad gigs The rts eid in seen Sed o rem gute, ay lead to sonsess of oinon onthe wg of ney "We aed more srolinguinie dt Dard eh ooking tthe emer, a subsoqent deeopment fees mology 5 wel sa ip the ch, ‘wing simier tog) to make ou compan a pnd one Tht wl lp ‘mcve the niveals an parca flange seston. eam, $200. ack Dae Tr Sion Tp nid Lang, Lape Dec Dsratin, Anan Ute, Aaa "rn Kr Greene Zan eel Te Cine iin asin, Migs Pa, nb 8297. tne, Le C202 pect aso fs de) pectin “tisk snd Kr Lage Ree Vl 3806 SNe ery Kia, A 19, Na efor, a coon a ane a en ema 2 Bech ve ie) emote nag 7 115 Dobe Fi Moline. AP- 18. ren, rcs, od ten Ten and ec Sa Sma 6 Str Yan W Ann 95. Teague pec mag A pepe ecu Langage 718-12 Sth 1985 Toth fps i agg 8), 790 19 A tre of pect I Cae a8 RE Gy Ling a ony Val 9, 7.18 1991 The Parmeter pect Dore Kier Acen Pah “Tey 19% dpa nian msec mee, Dene Kons Wye GV. 201 Meg eet: Lange 7 (1 6-90. ‘esd 2197 Lingus Pilvpy Col Camel Useiy Ps.‘A Puzzle on the Distribution of Polarity Items Triggered by Inherently Negative Predicates and Some Possible Explanations” ache Chung Hanyang Universi 1. tntrodecton [As dace inthe rte, some area neve dts INP), ede sia ec ease negative polity ems (NPI) that we embed une her ‘omega tat NPI dat ews by INP bate ose by a tems oper ithe conpleentize pion ofthe complement eas. ‘Thi paper, weve sara cze in Karan where IN my sn nial NPs inthe cane ate ajc pstioe when hy eet caval open. This peaing ‘ase cao be kes ca oft he Heesng mde meno stove, ere ee #0 ‘complete poston walle th nominal raj. Thi paper cesses ee 2. Peso Studies on NPI ink tan INP As oburved inthe Herat and exemple belon, cri INPs Heme NPI sabe under hr compleen se bt oo thir cle rte NP Soe Kia 196, Linear 1980, Proc 1988, Lata 1990 be Elk ané Son 198,208, eam pty eed fem haf te canines Uae st fvowr Senn Ch Ton og, htn Rae Ran keane opin, Egna UenYoupee Notl ang to Yon or her oka ssn ad ‘sesso Thea Some ot nue nte Koen ing uence ChangLee 1996, Cho 1993, Le, Chango Nam 2002 fr Kees) (2) 2 The wins denies anybody lett oom bef net 13h rf obs hat th det nod ay ena. (2) 2 The wine do anyting ‘The prfenr oiay explain () “lotwusamvut sbeeta(Sahn 1954, (S60) Top anyoce dike FeO (4) snr (esa manna silent (Se 1995; 42,8 (578) SeTop mone meet dhe Pee DE “Toe NP tibutioneiyd in) and 2 some ings ihe Popova (1988, 1993) an Lak (199) tsa hat NP re ot ly ese by IN bt y sepve opera in the complete porn he eed CP sed by the INP, as schema iste below ©) gone POE Trio’ Ceonmindice oder hs ane, he NPs (1) wl We e and ca, <> te ater ing tonal sine vr, 1 @) th NPs se quia ean

, © pes th ret of he ‘ype <= =>. Ths, they camel combine du ta hee mamas, expling be ‘nga of he etn in (2), cons he NPs) ae diate, sce tp, with verb ran inten pede, == <>> fe, Now ‘te sominal egession si the tenon! pst ay combine ype smach "he semantic approach jt menos sos he hid appr in ht the popes ofthe rd, expel the property of eer sleon, do mate in ‘he eesig of Ps 52, ching Anya? Sia (199,206) observes ht eatin QP supe ton hws pin he INP ents ota inthe cote overt eption Conse he on ete: (22) a.meaunmabnan sayngceyiey! wont) Rael Tap many sume Dat hi pipe Ace ten KL ic There art stents io teach he ic to (QP> Neg) 2: ah is price ot of ste (QP) ‘bmmun moa hksayngtleykey amwu wlio Sale fap many stk PHDat any principle TO Kt ro att DE le Thee ar ot often ts tach hs icp to (QP> Neg) ‘ht ech hs prin oa lot of tae (QP-Neg) ‘When threo NP aud in 28) he ume may ave ape ovo der (Gaping. Ts may be ened in is yr ot foowe When the QP semble over th nea epee, th he a ing inc When (F reri inst, to tsSepe unr negation, Wen hr i an NP around 3 scope cing ef shows wp ah at QP the lft NPL have spe on eon, whe QPs ots ight have cope under meation. A his is apa yb [NPiceming mechan which the NPI ns to he SPEC of te eed CP and ‘sam ome phat pn pe cea Anster pie of eves fr the ccting apron is inthe ft that be NPL ces in he INP cone sls sujet these lse ate eondin: NP tc be ne eomplemet cae ofa INP bat mot ft eee. Conder the wing camp which ar hed Eo Sd 200). (23) a “tunanameokeso means manne seh “Het to meet nwo at sting ‘shun amene Manyay ep isstek0 saya ate ree DE "He nts ink tnt anyon yt May's pic. ‘The nay requement shou in 23) Is also well somo under She's checking posh Since te movement fe NPI he poping sion,1 ai i gt te SFEC of he CP cet de toh existe of cine ud. ‘The predetetypeappouh i empatle wi sampler vein of the ehckng ‘proach fo whch tee i 89 neo! to psuae te tepve openiae = te ‘implement f we txt on ke plementation of te eens, ‘rove. Suppone dt Vl and INP cn loenseeck NPs only wien ey form 8 ‘onplex prone: The sing becomes song cough i weve fe cl when ‘hey om a ool pete: Then be NPI ato in Koen iil 0 a escola asc (28) 4 The src in) i ut Decree i no predite nese cough 12 Tbe struct in (23) sot de to the scaled ase mate condo it NPL ssn, hick can be inated um he checking try ‘Theseus (0 it (The clearer comin id) {Toe secre (1) ele (Nace tere ie ab abject emmy it NPL eesingbecking in Koes) Th ope fc (2) me expect ju ain ipl sees with vet eptoe, ‘That se compo pete mason ita prague fr NP essing in tie INP conten eb vec nth contain th allowing ena, (25) amo ko malsiey Kong stl syne mck wenerat sud KI beer DE No be eso sty i Sch west” ‘bio masey—ongpwuh-k enw sie, ck weet std anyone Mate Pee DE ‘The sabjet NPI in (23) isnot Ukesodebched tease the complement use repent pouty of foi comle pre ck, REFERENCES (Ch 1-7 199. The itn and mating fhe NP an: Wi es on id ‘Neptv Pte MA Se, So Nl Unie rina Ka ApaseonteDaebe oy as 04 ary 8-1 197. Comer eg NP leon, Bl fh Rh sie of oped Poi, essen aH lem 1995 Nepal Th Apmis Lng a erin X20, Mee 4 Miia hoy of ou hl pbs lm 86. Neaon i Engh 1 Fo a). Ka) he act of Eng enc pend li ita, M995, The ser and pgm f play He, Linge Aa 25 ala, M1 M199. Nept tt noe spe tin, PD. rin, rey ami 991 On tens itn sod, Rae Fe (Pieler and Parnes Compre Canmar The MTPr Cay Md, 728 C1996 Neg ply Hem a aah and Ken Language nd ee 18 es, C.D- Chang a Nam 200 Te etic of am a aKa: ia tee ence Langa an! Mra 1713, nrg, Ms 987. Nese platy ant ganna epee and Php 32538 Miyga S202 Catv: Nao Tai (The Honk Spa ini "Bickel ister 258.236. ogo 88 A Wig prec Ply ey. PD. rn Unni of SestrmCalfnia La nel C Pop, L198 Nepean nd ig Linger and Pgh 6, Soa KW 195 Nate py ns, ee em: PD dt, The ‘Use of Cost CF Sot KW. 2OD On eer oF Kas NP Aun 193 44,‘Object Shift and its Foealization Effects in Korean ‘Double Object Constructions! ect Unvry 1 tntradacton The mail (dub) objet constuction (and the mui bjt constr) has been on te ot ono nes n Keren sain rh as copied, Theconsracion sows some thors pears cht the mali ccc of the aecmtne marked mous pase, the fess neprewion of te ast aceuse med ou pase, ad 50. The pups ofthis subi sa pape 0 hk of * possi om he foainain efecto he a marked deve nous prs ne ‘lp (ul) bjt consracton Kersh soba witin te amen be Minsnalst Progam. During te lat one or two deeds, muy Ungus ave ‘uccenily sugested why and bw he cosacn showy mich eal tat and ‘erat oper within emer fhe erative amma iit oz we Ki 1987, Yan 187, 1989, 2003, Le 194 wd 0 ee) However the onstruction al pois wih taste resrch rjects wih ea othe ey fe mr a the eainson eet be ontcion aw | Wessel Peles Chenin La tor Hg Yr, PofoerKone Senin, Pron emg ote a Pest Duns Cag Plea mg Lal mary tr prc the 1 TCR Iwo! Confers w Keen [inp er ue een apne tt we doe a {idee un ae atm oie he nem ps nd ‘Sisco de mend tn cr ce et pep ep ‘lon crs pe aon re Specs fe Madre ee {nde Kan pe age it i eh ae sun pe We pte et srcionercnee1 spp, wil pgs hat efoto of he make dive oan aes sth ipl objet corsets ree om te obec i operon tnd te marr ofthe ot shied dive noun pies ot case mse bat ecu mare, adopting sd extending he Objet Shit proach propor in Lee & Cho 2003 ad Le 208, Ou dissin i th paper wil bet the ie vers ack { cca gv sac by Soin or samen’ sd 0a, oh ne Snow hat email bet cansrcion esl may fun ces in Korn, Te flowing sens popes the pil dave constcon ad he utile cj conseoton (atm Marys chal ceeet ol gave a ook May ohm! Man eb chess ‘att May ht Job aren book In (0, ne in (1) he fet ou pase Mary gee marker ne na ire Mary hi ela he po sows, Stee wt Give nom pe pt (Ge Ta mare, the snence sem o have fo ascii med ou ae, ace, (1b) pe senses have been propo Belong the sald up et consracon in Korea. Seemingly, the two seeces in (1) ook Tie unter of the English date contrasts wate NP-NP, aid NPP, ey Sem Howeve, shown ix 2) Selo, the dave mod non prea te cnotve marked noun pase ein sich shee postions, proving a exe ‘mucin fr te acute mh wn pss ck? The wo ei sre ‘8 2) ot aloned in gis exp in (3) nh sens he Koen pe ‘bjt cnsctan etempi i (1) emt be wih he ae vei fe ‘stomsion of he ag ve contaton nd hola cnsrton (2) Joe ehaeea Mar-ake choca (G)aeha pe the bok to May. ta ant May he ok ob ete book May. 5 rae Kn peu th et etn cen il ei! wi Maye tea of or been ne tied AF sh ve cae shed NE Fay ort sarc co segrony ace 2.The Objet Si Operation aad he Foeatznton Ect The qusion eHow te accuse marked oun pa aves coming the dive ‘mre non prs nw the repo ou peg oi eres (2) Recent inthe iim eemework sth ben speed the uae ede of he wo moun phase can be ofan tough the wel-ioown setae operate abject (05) (Lexa Co 2003) In La al Cho's O5 apron ac 1 comin thedosin of VP my oe oti he VP bythe OS apron a penton gare by he pity fhe ous pate Tht i cdi ech 8 ‘oui hte rend hfe inpretan of persed sempre Te compare (Ia) with (2) vey cary a eye oie th tet berm tbe wo Seazces with espe 10 the oe neti of hae pes ‘kcal m2) he maker tens alk about pce tng. in hi ae ook, hh tn gave to Mary However 1a) i te 0 get ih apes intron, Buse ths rao, nt aa poe ht hrc eof thet ous pres ley wid othe espe inecaton the scene marked no psf ans i ou prs ot os inepeton, tae ped tne objet Th ment he det abt ‘nse san isatiton 00S the ic ere of (2) esl es OS a th moved mu prac get fous, we an that OS leper alton fet So, flowing ze nd Cho 203, we slo sgae ht (2) el OS, Thc, ow and why 8 OS repoble fr teflon effet in Kota? To anor is question, apg aod exon Lee ad Cho 2003 and Lee 204, we Spt hat OS in Koran i a epnal movement of tn pate to he es Postion, We asume, flowing Chomsly 199, 2001 a Yoo 200, ht he es ostion ithe sete poston of he ell Pees by he nee compen INT of the onal catpery 1. We farther ase th i wall vy are ‘peer postion ely ft oni as EPP Sears ante EP-otu ehendby the speclety the dale objet coset * The small v may fave at etna arts Seager rae ene Bakes ov outanttm meas ioe ey er reese Se Spor Se vocnyusertmameonararue seeinere pei] eae apna. The ister fee of he smal» ‘eds ob chested and dle byte [apes] ofthe on pa, ek incl. So, it Q) ‘cha? wich coins an itereeble [ape] fase ‘move wo the specifier pon of tbe small »P and checks the wae [perf] fn of he econ cegry». The mover fe specie moar ‘ewe tthe SPEC poston ofthe al VP OS; seotingy the OS resi te Feelin ff? 3. The Double Objet Construction “ic, ow cn weg th mil ole) jective costo stn (197 In (ib) mt anv Koen spake aretha eit mun se make wi a gs ees nerretion Wi hs constuction tas eo Gusons ais. i ow ‘ste int on pri NP ge fc tepestin? Send Baw dos ‘Ge ft oun pis tive te iF) gt tea marke in 19? That {the mater a cl ihr or what? To ser the Sn orem, aig sd ‘cling te OS ibn developed in Le and Cho 209 apd e200, we ke o ‘ge tat he ative ous ps undergoes OS. The date nou ras merged with ‘V(t ne oun pre od he sel ead Vesa he aps pstoa of he sal Pine the solv cons an winerpeble peie) fen andthe miner etre lems i specie oon (cf Chamsky 200, Yeo 2013, Falling Choma 200, we ase ha huis tr as be eek "ie pe ope ee tt te SPEC oti of halo wich ears ‘Eeip ten pe es ea dos pce TS ae SEER Sr oh a VB amin od ali aa aon es io head eo ok ‘stu rea rag dose eo two ings ug er pe, ist winh eal nt np SP te cnt we re ‘ew on anc te pon nt ith om es a eee gh ‘hte ot etna at mua unt cn ne es ie ct pon, Hower Roan wh ea nee SPEC fe ‘als sth fe pntc hsb Vane te kin then ‘par oto of gb ue rt fa ape Th might be as meng inte eye te rm ew reel hc a aca pr oo etter agen fe ann ot te ee cms, "a wih ne enn egal ae et art bc ‘ute tonason ad ete be ee wa Ver may on nd etd va Agree We ter ase hat ef oe prs in (1) ona lserebe pee] fee’ whon i inode Yo the computation fom umeron adit undegoes he Agee epson wih the small» which bas the ‘sine [pei ete Te bt wma oc at ok ts ‘intra fc th ie nun pre moves into the SPEC of Pte Objet Si ven tngh he movementOS lnk vacuous sete movement does make any ‘nace on he ae oder, we cai hh ces OS, ince te operation vs the faa ite tbe had ive oun pre 1). 4 Aecuatie Cate marker Foes marker Forth sod quent Seton 3, te gg hat the a mark ei bu pao tan acu ate mrkr bt fru mr Yoon 2003) Oe ‘useton x band wpe the ely of eee mrt a Keen. As stows a) Che nccete cv marker en be etd i Koren, (a km pops "fino tek ‘olmak per? <.Ppalmelioses? “Are ou eng? Papel sai? "ae you eng” 1m 4b he jst nom pres on ave he acc eae mk, a be sescacs ae sil geno, Howe, whan the jr hk coms, a star mate delet ato iS) (6). Jt Manske hack cats etm cacl Mary te cesta oes Marys each cies a oe Ee Me em pr my be ied hem "Syn Yo) sn many ce, ha mike er ta Ben ea108 nin ie Ko ni 4 otc Make cesta {shot Mary taka eae 1 For Marl ae dest “The ungnmailty of (88. impish al maker i no far ocean st thea marker blip when the an ae bet sti 1 the maker i ae mur st cn edt. The wetencs in 6) ase ey shown ot tht cane markers Koen in bel cue tte ene ket may opoly de ice entice However if fue rake, hich mere, cao eel. The ta) hha he bet ‘fed oun parr mat Kp the Wl cr fv en me Gost ve Sy opal marker, how ean te phase get fe interetton? These 4 ‘mal oes 0 the ety of a mer n he Objet Sed on pases ‘would eth he a meri ese er "Theremin se repsng te consucon e cate relation of he num pase Wel ke spat tate cave maker of te fai mon pe Subsite by the fue mks“ We hve ley shown wit) dha in Koren ene markers ae dell sine tye nines Thiet 0 ‘uc slab o gst Ht fr te fe oun pein (8) theese marker (Got he dive ese er) subse ude th oes mar gt Be ‘stable tt smtines e sbsme cs (ve) marker coappes with he ous ‘ahr a ited in (0720 May-skehanteachiscal chess, "ao Mary hat Jn pete bk ‘Sez (6 nt pre in ts realy, bt i tpi a or se spre i dct ai ny pannatalty ples. S.Summry “To sum up, is sat sh we hve sed ta the ead ft of te edged ave NP in Kaen dol bjt constuction te * Font mie Kr kn, (Se ae nt er thy el mae oe wt (so) i ese ah oe sy pean Object Shit The I in eso sist NP ie acl foes ‘kr, ot ese her. Wee notte ta our caret mgs can be gel pplabl for alps alia onstacon sis oon ha be ‘mtd aly ke aa elated ive vers, Homeve we tik at the bse es of ‘spp cn ewan aang th maple cjetv ed abeineconrnons | Kore in eer ich lst fom same movement pets, lon X 99 Mini ieee me ‘Chom 1988, Dry Pe MA nal Paper Ling 8 ‘Chon 2001 Bend spar Adee in M3, 197 A Au Sa Kan iti LAG sy, Lge ome of ee, Cin 198, Defers an Cre Maing in Ki Theta es rein by Yn ey Kin Ren CSL ‘Lee DW 2008 Wht eth wae Sern ener Grammar Vl 1 ee WB and'S Ch 208 Agu Seambing Oho Sh. So Gena ‘You, aes 197 Same Ques conering ee of ema mat on Kern Haar San era ing Yor 1.198 On he Maple ana Canton a Kae. Haran Slr oreo ng Yous 1'¥. 200 The Fcinon Et in Mie Stith Cntacone ‘pleat Kaen Lane on ings‘An Error Analysis inthe Usage of English Articles Minyoung Lee Seven Women's Colege 1. Intredacton Koren fer fin ngs rcs be vt a ange to we, Heese re iso such gamma sete in conespodene wih Koren langage. This cases any peopl seth tout owing how tet cr, een tae with ‘ny Sern tying Enlah Alig oe etl ge your mesage sees wit the acute ue fail, sch mie wl ncn f be act! replat wich oul be vf bb Ths hes inverse fe corm evr a ‘eof igi acer Kare ‘Fn it wil examin the gmat cote a acs an fd out Soe of he os ae sage by et sue. The survey at 2 questions ll of which nosis wont a he eh pide ee fhe posassndry cool sytem Subj gaup of te ‘etre il wo as gad fom yeu ge vis snd WHO Ms ‘gua demu forth we of xls nee ie “The pps fhe iy 9 coca anatase eos, dcver te rouse of ‘soul hen stares ha caus, ops to pve asst n reventing enor wel as pti them comet "Thi tous fit ss wth a svesgaton ca he den fe aces ts ‘her! acrmd, he eu fo uch el vegan wl he a et sre dete casos nthe caper, of whi me wl ear abot te aice’s tra, eon of ange, and tere by lending scan fom cack {epee of easel, rca! and Watton gamma, For the tion panna, Crstopecn uses the Usge ofthe aes upes How the ster ssicsapicineeders the see ht explain es ioe is - epi cots ‘sis, imptiet omexnal bas, ml stool tas. Jepsen ineprats Cetaphoncetconcp af hearty in dcusig the wae the ales Fs, tote dace inte sacral rena, fabs nh fom he te ad aes {explain str In th reli formed witha lcd et her wort ‘The thon by Radfr, wom ne pint cus he aslo pm Saenger wane of determiner he per of which cain eet fot f he ous the nun pre, 24, Tar Gear Cersopeson (1959) and espn (1989), thf whom set the ory hat welds mil inte meig ofthe pour nthe sty conde i 989, esperen ines ‘he cone of ema ranks th noun ee fl Bye dere of ait fortes. expan dies he dette artis nt the ale of compe detersination of hic ts denote eject in own, ad th aise of ntl eters He also eaegned the ois into thing wor, maser? sal oper wot fe hic the define aces are eed wh hg-nod, whee a the eine oF 22 Borowing he cece of nian fam Chiba, Jen explains the ea of eine aries lows Fut vie io 3 eves, whee he fest leveled he evel of compete nfsay hat wes he nine rile fe ‘ng nord aglaw sing ee arte fr te mand nd hiner pa (There camea solr marching son he igh ad, 6 Festorngs ry sab Asinte ago Eg Ae 983 a) ia example fan inf tse we wih 'a let, hing ing, a Sri oly inns oe slr whos ety not Eons. (8) mae ‘hod wt at indefinite aril ao nt nating he Wey fhe milk specie, ower eer mening of whch emi dunk by hit every orig Silat wth te eater two es, tig-vod pl of anger is wed in (1) ao ao scale sei ong Te evel of ape ti” deft aie is ot ed slice he non oes notte ayn pce shes min gee ems, “Teed lel the eve of ely falas, acne wh, epending pn econo cio, the date ale" i edn atom. (2) atgsta took The hook i Bag ona auld youspen the doar? 1 he level of scrty nity’ is psi use te define aes when semen i mattoad repel or demonsaie cnt is Anown By te "Teh vel eel of amp fii” whee the ais ent eee ‘cae the degre fiat na i pret el Sch ce ner the name of ‘hel cous wis propos praesent, Proper soa ed be 0) a Waiter, cn hve sane st? on ing tole {The ithe Faber oer, he soul of robles wis try, staring wit the wagons ‘the mpect of fir. Asaier probien refers oe we of he ei ais ‘nko he neers wt the Spake nats, This ao mena ht he speaker ‘an wether by seeing he seer knows what the deer without 5) Sevan, wll the fata chance at mars canbe dere othe iste er she may ave tfc engi the sect. ‘Sec ings daring 19501950 ave ot asd on he mean of 3 nn as16 tain ne pe ‘hoe in eatin gamma ate, bat have fcaed moro em ad he ‘lasomtip etl with other wot by the aril loon the Sacral respecte ries (1982 leading Scholar in stu gamma, cins he anes as "anton 2.9. Ttomtonal amma West ow sar tat be alsin the ona amare bn sre perth urs, eile he fra ad eorex sense son he sentece argent as ‘een focus i the sucha! grammar, The aes in he tasermatnal rast Sve bee pied more wan elonet wii fh nen pce ha que feet ‘en tena, ‘Wah the basis fst eraicsion of he wasn rma, Rad (09H) eta he rte i on pre (NP) ad tings hem for he ben ‘vin he NP sore yt evel of mine in ot fhe 0, her wed, Th and hat wed or of mans long with Te, ate rexet as lens comping te NP us ied nh Fewing sagan. ® we a Alte tries Wi ndfteaces ,a i aumal manly lsc oly sigur coumabe nou, of whic i aan iso nthe tule blow 1985145) (6) Dernier Cis a Noon Class Desrine] tcmableous | pane on ooh eps | — ugh wl Ts) | *menipnen | ants 1 Alo the ails Too in ont of ums He aon, ranma! saGine Amin ng tg An 18 retin exiting ewe te rte the no fant ent forte Prapnaic reseicon teween te ajcive sal te noun Ter example, me he ‘einer, nt bd y he ter esiton wef he ee ‘angwaton can be ed in font of ny noun ncn 0 tens whe at ews perthe no ng or nl om Uae of Arte This caper wil examinee dee ails, endef ails at ars inmore pct ne. Sie 4 ile a ot every ech eo a teaches sleet caper wil fi ote of he levels hae wed oe [poet tn ters. An eration woot ofthe rly as een bed oa oe ries dessa ths cape Hef tag wit ana et reve seo ‘Gers in sing te rie. (Ose ofthe commen wage of define aces, treads oun Haas tem peviowiy mentned In ar words, we generally we he if head ont is ce, Hae some of other we 0 th shows with example SLL Specie Use Dirt Anapbori Rees (tee you bat stot Ton? The ayn ie don est, 1 Indirect Ansphre Refonce (1) My pres bough apn bt don ike he hing When asm hier andy ha sme an i the ust even ght (8) Whe ee open my car, cu the ey toh ck 4. When the cle isetin ofthe bo 3 pron per erin ois,(yan test (i. estat) « Sieve (0) Tamont Boul hing We a experience my my stein 3:12. Genae Use “het eerie rfl oa fhe asco by «sina fom of 2 on eden objet orig bj of Single. Dei res ~Sieglarcoumabe nn (01) The oor ca wll be 8 mse cosy Ue the machines in Fcon liovensons) (03) Youcn teach nb iinet) Deine ricer + Adecve (13) The poor my therick «fie arti + lami oan (04) Te dmaricans were apy wa te wo. ‘Dein aie + Cleve oun (03) The mae ae pa in 2 hos ano 10 make tual for ving ot seria in Ovo Adraeed Lares icon 1998381} (16) Going te uns ade bosses to ge it cy. 2.13. Oe wap of a 1. Dison (nice (G8) The plan cot 85 pent le Ant Amin te Ugg i 17 «Definite aries + Proper 008 (09) Ste The we a) (20) te Mayor (2iyte Bas Moseum (22) The New Yor Times (23) secon, inthe fae, ishe wok 32, ect ete tie “The mow Bac fen of hindi ales off hat he eee indfteOterese ily be estea) 3.2. Spee Use Indes Arles ae wed when we re meting some Sethi ar he (20). pit main he cle yet. 1 Nonetring cana bth rine ton 3122. Geneie Use (26) dogs hin 323. ter mayo Coby inde ale Inte Arle be mea‘ wit ing singular coal oun, cas be sects et wth come SU (27) Theiss cea i eh.18 npn in aga Tobe mesa coe (28).ay Tae an apple «Dissbive (29) stoping vee wes inden ame (0 ind of eter ok as, (G1) Araboy twas very ne ese iste aly f eae fat Nimert (62) fow necks, ite wate «est many 439, Usnot zoo ste Zeal canbe wed wih lara bute noun, cea ous an Ope *tnsions (83) They nett ota ». Ways tanspraton nd comemiion (60) pa, ye By lea (05) What er Discs (36 coer ADs .Usgu profeson (31) Me Kim wa etd direct Aatne Anant gel les 18 +. Plral coma on (98) Tiger ean be danger (G9) Men geri women. ‘Singur ncoanlemu(consrete ou, bn Pun) 40) Ware st be part be dk 333. oMhermaysot use 4 Link wit Contin asus o Prapsions Meera bby ae oi wel, (2) facet ce side se When tise woth poate 0 (3) om calig you. ate) Veet (44) arcane a coe? Langs Spore (45) py om athena (4oyatnon anit beer Anat 4. Typs ot res Along heme many yes of ee, we will herve the pes elie by ltrs He ides the onthe pes interac rr ingle “evel emr(1974360) res eased by the mote gue nein ot ‘decing the Tag anguae ae cla serereee eos, whe a te ili ‘sos deine eral malin ase y compen fe Tare langage‘ue in oer word, oergeberizatin nthe appa of Top ngage es, Dovopmenal eros ae cued by mites teal 10 repent Me ENE ‘pina he Tet innings peal du omit ning express by the Kemer fom chisooms or tens. Among thse defined, ear wii he Tannen by he mplenty ofthe Target ge el eather vie ino trermncalinton nd singleton pawn "Ts tess wl ca on neve eo camel by te mer tng anive tagnge) a verging betcha a Tart ngage ‘To sr, en msn iets the ates by te pacts of he mesher tongue inte procs of amin the sgn Ingugs, whee erin systematic ‘nies ete the wo gangs wold rte pose” alee bythe ‘utc me fhe ater ong I comma, rg suc erences betwen te ‘eo langaner nol erent nererece esti cle neptive st, "Won te pono who length foi Ingage tempo exes something its ms ey at he pron wl wie oer poi et of ings knows be fie has it der fo dalver he mesage If he pason deer 20 ve oon? wig fr sch ozo, he oe wll mney ow te knowlege 0 is ort ave language. Sopose ha the pean could at find the comerpondng Sinise the otome ascmpanie by te wrongaplatio, hese woud ‘become opie ane hs reer Prone tha the pacing cnn ar the sane eee to ngs, a> ‘corsa ctl wre thre alas rca fies ta tei smal een ‘Tas bce te leer tee oa cst unger posible ae te Teming pone es ce ice ares irene Deon evo ages “Sicod,ovegeeaation rts 1 my ee fo maga he mplcsicn of the sate! ann ls rac are even forth ks hare a fe oe wi tomeguet i, therefore peri sues. The te simplifies, Simo cvrgneraizaon, sa pe of oandncy redactions which he ine ‘Sytem fe subject ngage pe in sage rus al odd i age ange bythe wer, rie geen i le, Exp of ovrgeneriztin and ‘iopifcation ae low: (4) a+ 1gpda Sou yest. 1 Stn svi 6. 1g my wore (2 My ater has vo baer, Ante agen le 21 (470 and (40) ace examples of oversnrition, whe (1s) and (18) epee sinew Far the example (478, mea veh is overgsemizd by ppying he pic raf tckng be pt tae ser he veh, awl fc (470) wt the eo Sh ae tyr oegres be hed pry rset ee api of which i ‘or cane am ot ck thatthe oil frm ss ae he Anny ‘2 an rept of pen patie ore) be ea ote om th comet te of Preset cna be + Vi whe (7) seats the mising of plu fc i expen he num fem 1 is amy, Mt ws ices te evs in Mae cescs of tsi rrgneraaon 42, Suet nd Meo The stuty bas ten coud with « jet soup of pepe who Bat leat rade with «table fm eae, ind wh as ‘en sing o racing Enh i ear ai song hm gh major, pope ‘ho died Engh vee, replays at ersg-sed compas. ‘sf ili qustions was compre of 26 questions ate subj grup as ke fil in an spree pe of erie, Dat the ily with alin oe Single cca fr the sarvey a al of hen ae waking poesia, eave Wa tan isl ough th ine Hewat, mast of them has Bisel Be ‘sey iin 2 mie 43, Papase glans of tee snce oat of bm dont ele how uy me ty re thames each day On eto prevet sch misfortune ke pace i replat, 44, mtn eget pcan feos nse ny Q2.Wetave( yaa at it O7-Thetiya mellof( Dag.122 inn Kon ge 210) Mi Brown came ee ou (This pase cla Ms. Brown.) 11. Therewas()fllmoninie sy. 14 (were te Hand each no eg O18 Wereedacarby( har. (920 Heisei fom (ome. Q21.¢ )peetand( doors dew A peson) (025 Hatter wasarespecnbleingof( man S.Comeaion or hie tt experimental sy, 26 sectnces were const in which a prorat be sed by theses The est was adie 10a, wo al pind fom Kors ives Tov onal percentage of er 44% To psf eos consid ob ‘st ncn Ten, th iene ft the er tons ee of ha cass forthe diy athe fin angus eae The ter verze of {hens ofthe wget nguge. The main erin mae of ois he 0 ails st iscame cane sume ob overenerizabon. By aon special where th or come to an having te owl of be aril with th mi wage err thn eersane wl grove Bs herp gh ail nthe fete, {wih tat ie stay coud crbte 1 teeome © feenton te or tree of perigee fondant slat Lng it gue in ea, uaon 1 howe he highest peeage of ors ith 90.75% in cot to oan 4 with he loves, bt recon 16.6% Fr invil searing, telomere cae wit the ero eof 7.07%, ase only 7 ot 26 queon comet The hgh coe ad? eat nse eal the enor ne of 7% Desi proton tht people who ewer he ey a ‘i evel Engh knw, he el tows sgt eee a hi ‘sore, This sae the fc ate had not ecogsie the obs nus te Iisa now, ence ad ice OF comet ny mika rr, which hy ‘ow aware ar he ivy sen fore oes om sah isa nd ws the arcs i coest wap, one ough 10 ecu iso er errs acs and comet hem, Aton gr i 12 Christopherson, P1939. The Ailes say of er They ad Use Blk Ieper, 0.1981 Exel of Gromer Land: Gorge Alle Urn Li. espero, 0 149.4 Moder glk Grammar on Histor Pacer. Copenhagen: ‘Munisguar. sing, 1852 4H of present Day English Pa Gries: Noor jr vanced Learner Distr 1998, Oxf: Oxo Unters Pr rs 1929. Grummar of Lane Modem Engh for he Use of Connena "ipcally Dc Soy, Pa ois Norio (iE Grcnaan, 5.1991 Ase Grammar of he Eglo Language, sx: LongsAppendix ‘The fing quis we ey 1 teem i he vgs aie. Fila ‘te bunts below withthe apopateatice fteoowing a, nro rie) [eHehas( mos beni pen 2-Wehave( Yeas atch 5. gosto te ey seven ies) ye 4 Morne plays (in very wa S.Westallay( day ort, (pine eeie say very tl 1 Thetoysure aoe age ‘.Hinway of kings bays hind ¢ ne Satmeony eatin wre 10. Ms Bows canetoaee you Thee was) fllipoon in he sy 12 Stecangh moby (am IC NewYork Tine 14-( insert sada Frenchie 15. Rich pope sul ot despise) yoo. 16 Youstonléerhavelet() sor open. 17 Hseampostion og(-—_ Wolsey M.Wereaedacardy Yow. W.Wehad (yt 20 Heisnlfrng fom eae 2L( )poctm(—)docoris ded (mene pene) 22 Peoplclecedbi( "shai, 2Thsis( ) Tonia, 2. Weplayed( ei ater tne 23.Misiberwasarespecblekiod of) man 26 ("eile as, be know ah, ‘The language-cultural educational methodology derived from ‘comparisons between German and Korean ‘Folk Tale Text" “A Carparaive Stay of German Grim’ Mace Ascent ‘wih Kee ol Tal ‘oni aw Jum-Choo! Role Changing Uaversiy “Te pupa hi iy it cates mtd of aching dts 9f Garman luapinge soi liens te Cidell pe Geman Mize , De Dromer Sudan”, in HM lar La Bela Bois drman>, whi and lnc an Getel> ve he ope in ae ropes Cina aie. ‘The origi of such stn is ot ety Kowal esp erence ote rie ei abet maintain is nig elements sch as chara is specie eis and he oval asap oneyed by each try Sechrest ‘fom the varying orl aes ered by he styles pone pn the sores don Yo folowing sonra, te prensa thre who res te ‘ovr sad the overall ens dig the pride in which fhe srs were aye ‘irough his proce, deals Become mie embed and tis bse see isi. At tine, he tal eames of erie tated a ode (tenes eee "Wii the Kea cde sen, si Garman ik nes hepa wi Son nyo, 200,202), Cho, Sek e986, 200) a Kam Cho ch99, 2001, 2002). xce rte wor f Son, Fanjoo (199%, 20), mes i work at ‘ee ined othe work fhe hr Grim. The io of Gem fk es ‘sales mtd of guage cat ecient Re, nto Kin, Som sami, Young 0203), Rie, coli, Young 000K, Soo-um(2003) ‘Kim, Sonar(2004). Conpars betwee Koes fuk es nd Gemma fk Iles gan wish Chang Desk son981, Kim Gyson og, J Hh Seog(897, Ca, Che e192, 195, 194, 195, 1996, 1997, 199, 199) and en ‘As sbown inthe lowing tube, Garman fk tet ich a , ci dts» Der Wold de seen angen Gee “tong pin “Ascengute™ Der Wel de sicben ungen Geii> ound cada> | yarns Dera Hae eter Das Waser des Leben Siajectinet> and ong patin> ‘The Cindi fk econ young woman tment by ber stepmother 2 esses, who evestaly becomes ines Approximately S10 suc es own touch th nal te mnt euro ich he Grin’ ‘od Perl's “Centos ou pte paul de yer With he Engh sein ‘wr teh ste ar rapeseed by Cid we Kars ti vemin “Songivi pw21.Ascerote ‘The plot ces te ite oti of teins ete he Sper ant the spate wii the anew anos apis ad cofetton Feces ted and el. Aon tefl et ou ip eng wimatakdneye, tes se fSotow sia oe tng pe ary The plat of te sary ated fom “Thema lemens ofthe tery inde 2) aly baked the tomen oft separ ihe reas a kn {sepsis en cu by the stepmother sos tearm ono tte ceo engi $e dom of he sept nd pa fide da of kong Sion spropeitcanying ot jute Telapapedinlstoutentoing. 128 3. A-compariso of he ls ofboth vanes (Gemany’s and Kare’ and ad ong p> ar ching in aii etal For ‘vamp, te eee seve formed of he dese ht the ane of he 2) Both and have 2 weak fh fie, ammon carter of folk tes, The vender odentnd athe end of “chest that he aber willie However, eps gest le (tania cating of al esther his tormented deh In og pj he br rly kes is psec fe dung mses wich he Steet stones is dager. 1) ath ak le contain the common ee of he spot ging tasks tnd ike apparnce of « smiac However, he sores main evel180 oi tar Lin etagnge cdl seit mtn 18 ee inthe pesentaton of i heme. In aks a » reas of Dyanna aly Dyanna fenly ‘Smpstion betwee het ser, ah Hogi ie the moe cali Remringef be er Ronan ft ter (eto ccunores. The ksi “Aacenput> a vases, eningess te hemp “Torment a be aeponbr 20d ‘hlge ch a colcting ty fall of pes iden bee he ate, ied thin one hor we the sin hong p> ela weil coder Tresprtofthe dnd moter | The pio te dad moter Tinian kd wo Keren aca isch collting wae in a Sadeoy vehi ve bra poet theese er «rock Inn felling mil -Arparnc ofsivoctoa bid | -Appenrase of svar ov bird Suis nd Wenig ary tte paca onchld | Paty tte Ques pale 5) Topsy ol he dead mote a dove sym fhe Cristina “Pronto ety ches and | eset of prey eles od uty lcd ns heaven in whist Bik ot escent on he | tial owe stoss ‘tes in hoi pavi> Low oan shoe ‘om afonethoe 16) Mens of punt forte eile ao ier eee he os. | Disney by pean ish ‘covery by ince “hachnpue>, th sept come Bd while te septs ces See ‘emi In ong atv, be mdr bral ile, wi the fh pe ee ae themes fondo heme. -Coepetson anon separ | Competition betwen wo 1 In-sAechnpte, he ice plas fre les of ne of he pviagni’s tau septs rhe se steps rte sive hows whl nosh a> te sen apeanone of» peson of ids scaprarks angel Senin ferpoagain “ior eames te lu of toe ofthe nes In-Aacheapate>, he peace Punta of he ever: ‘Pantene ese: rovers te lst shoe while In hong p> it the prion of Bik ‘tcaon of esis and eating | the dove locks atthe eof ‘bor who voderas ii tk. The cic sene in Ane eee eae eee tes lc ne are ote potagont wih he epi ao Win re rine, wl i chong p> a anlgous ene oc ign 4. Language anette edvation sehome throngh the fk te eosin pary a ales plete wih tects, abit, Haye, Ma od bef of our ‘A comparion ofthe sins a4 diereces of ad Longin eg ae oe eee aw canbe uae a ows: Tha on uy se ha fk asm pant pr caret ete Thee tassel tony neg stale, tt oi ing seins mo "alu Trogh te apres undesiendig a use of se fk aes ome erste me ay Bg icra inking sir at wll a igi ‘hl, whist ao ang ne peerston of outlet. "Te basic meals reid fo oe techn of 0K es lcd the et, images dvi Teaching thaliana ei flict The stp inte ching fk ter allows:1) fate ote plat ‘Asstion fase a ext penal ate the edo anc ain the prompt unestanding ofthe plot The ache boul be wary of wasted versions oF "Shehenp th ary seen om he ol pt 2) oduct ete aed verso othe extort iit eat ‘The tox een iota he sent 9 he fil pl ofthe le, The ‘ech shld andr he lee of i row fst and we oth ship ad rig! vies ofthe ex Abd viens maybe oun ough he net wile ‘he rg wero maybe sup nth Gri Bech’ KHM tin eal ses tat roe formatine concerning Geman Fk ales A rial f he ra txt ay be ‘ee in wing th etn of he loos nl inf sng ce te, oe bepaing a ei of tefl text te taker shal mods an ied ‘version 1 thes. The ss wil roby ithe ei et halen ‘sl protaly prove eee dice hie et ara nial encutr With sn edgdonc bs be mate 3) Faplanton ofthe amen an vcsbulary ‘he teacher sald sumtin part points comeing the vie aod gn oft ext nd shirts ings wit te det. The ein ext ate for bvng pass preset pect and pave tes of vrbe” NLes coer ‘mar maybe mare By the leach or he say ai wa er eosenng ‘Cen gra aug ypc 4) Lining to areca ofteteathy sive ype ‘The oe of aus pple sick CD per os pe corer othe eof he Inert wo hat stents may len A etre sper rel of the Hest wiht lations with za ine nd pn is ei grovige ngui sil of | ‘hese With repr Goma folk ly impor 6 campare he cl ‘rhe fet paying ate to penton nd maces, One may met CD ino ‘Rea Meda (EM of WMA le) apne Dt the et and evil is the see or lin asco. Vil aie ach at DVD and VHS a rs fine ther a )Ontne and tn projess ‘The teacher may pein tht fered prot ois own baie inane to apn saan mito, Boh n-ne nd fine cases may be Bld wing ‘aco misters concering Garman rege. We wee ale oid = iy of wed leaning proces touph our ans of web leaning projets comeing . Same ofthe ing projets ina pln the est wor inte ‘ak fad in on bie version ft (Licker), Sing the avr win 1 even pss sd pling ovr he caret ese, al he st ere ‘enema (Serle guesions conic rears fences 6 fom a cobsest pungtph, answering queioes coeeming te orga txt (Cesexeadn ab ite pares ht the ex Oe yao conser ‘ean sete, (Finding bec clement Discusion Dcnsins sould ste explanation of he isrcalbckrenl of te fk ‘as aed ilar and iene wih prs cla elements Above al, i Pact of he ection shams reque experiae on th culars of bth oat ote rf ether When node Goran fk oe may empase Ha one ‘iy emi or he journey though Mahestase, te bows ofthe fk le Conon Up aw,wehave agosto fk as sally hough he it aise eid Inte cet pa ge, eatin ila pole raphe nee. OF: {ine meted ave tation rh mpeg steer ti corey pals erate «meting of eatin ht coma both ore ad oie eens Regen one eon, npr ath teacher ints le a fdzato ender. The wae who esa he igi og st ay ateon ote ata vale of kl thy ae propa hough Ie mn be thie les rie ike and ey imation eceary fr eatin ood "he trict well a design andi ceiona wed document ht ompee ex, ‘sessed sound194 aii get rr em 982) Kind Hn, 2 Be ch 2 Aa von 189 eg lr rom (18D Knew mice, Aspe ater Hand den Orga mgr de Brier Gm 3 Bee. Hes Rall, Sega Rec. my, Dene (973) “Laipvinn CDELLAA, pagan, Sa: an ng, Deksoon (181 neu) anges opi tin gra Swen nenipomninon ‘aes Por (190 Since Machen (Hes cn mp pd aes de ‘Urn wd Racer vo Daisies ot Soko (19%) eo Grin dnwas age le eel Si, anpgedzgmaatoe. 08 Got Ssktse 20s grim Gin degen in sokpangensmmseepng ogc ep erkogemese 23-36 oj, Sethe Gopi ogame mes ajng ~ pin Crim dpa “gis hoxton jp ane 230.20 | a “aerinwa:Speronongeewaknvs, aga ochre op Keskin ‘Var guage a, Change (99: gags onium ot Gem ghee (son enon emg aoeoeg. eH gga tay i, Chg on (198: goin Soh Gri aghwene eng (2) ton enon Anema compen Wl 2 ange ‘hu, Cong 0 (19a dak ink Boyes 3 —eskineeitngen Da ances comtnpce ong. EL nga gyenmaapeonge 527 hu, Cheon (995) ued mines Seeoge (OV 16 Keskin Un comatagsnge 525. ha, Cheng on (199: ademas Npycongy = yoann De se (hu, Ghonyon (99> a iki eng (6) ~ erento ~ comutngnoncong YO 16 Kona Un sym. Tetmpagrcihalabetial mating. 18 Cm, Cag (19; Mad inka Doyen C= ems de o> a “nel Gre comaingnorng, Ve 17. pghinntpesemaeeon ‘om Cone (199% an mil gayngn () -esates Lampe eae (Gree Kole) eesti Ut commun 17 Chan yon (39): dogrinkseng Se nme (Om, Coneyee (00) mint egseok Hong WL 1, Konkin Ue ese Harner (985): Gnndspe nr Gets der Macs ten Sans, 4, Heino (997 opt mothe! je einen anak ienecns, ennui. WL, eng mite 4, Hesoog (999: fang jello anes aeok ~ gong ‘see paginas invinenecn 8 neering eae in Chomp! (999) ngeng dagen at ips nema pet rane dee ip nek: dgemunate 25.20, Kine Chopctel (995 opine somos geinhyope dong sc, ‘gins ip, psn psspmue 86103, i Chingshol 001 mek wares ton geuintysnca debs ‘ogicannikje Sip naga 2-7 Kim, Chong! 2h gewntyemge bngwann jones dca Beye see dpe ep hin yng aon 3293. ‘Kin, Gocang O97, gui indlinal Day cal oman eH, ‘alsomutugvangoe 15156 ine Gyeing (1987) hmpsans doin joanne ewan incon, megnnegranbaneins, 7, nena, Kin, SeeSum (4) pl min ele joe agin soem, oa conopvaareonee 2 comepwsie 25 ‘we, haere O90 ling sada pul gan, doy 2h, hegdapongmtayeyaaon 23-22 Le, Wem (195) hangin eo eng meg com Ioepasmonte ‘Wes (1957 ang eta yong, mage ne je 9, aaa 2, Winn ty ongnaviws

Baye sees ~ tem nontne wa bee pin sake ip tnggemeatoe Pak, Date (199) Osem Gogh Soe omnia wong, oth eb. tanghgsotnnmenaeaate 3197S en otinSrsae,Yug cn 20) dg dng eels pu ‘ep ang sup nga esngaigycegs je peep 3938 ‘ie meetin, Yong Ki Sova 201 onemankeg in Soph ina aos tpi = 10 ‘eka nb) | May | RED=CVC | Ma 0 fret | Ces : Sle vars = ‘Apis the tenplatc sppoach, Spc (197 ages ta a size seiton ea redoplints cn bd on pose minimis tht yale emp, oot ‘rtednes contin (7). ons ono na 163 ©) SveResrcr of rout 2 Poi nimi AL RHR AOR ‘ Liphotmplate Nada 6. Any makes const (sme 957.39) ‘Base nthe sume so fa, will apf he i ofthe ean in Korean pial eden i aoe sce of wenpate eesti, wich us om omer neacon. Not aly the size rican coon i), tao Oe ‘tuple ree ost, aoe ts alm 41, Atom epeston ‘Under an tel pecs te sw of he epic an be rie fan he iusacion of rnd costa (a cher Wor, ce wl be mo ene ick RED-CY, we defies suze or shape ofthe eupleat Wi se ey, i spi tat the we of reagan in Kern partal ein ree fom ros comtits the pose minnie Allo. sl ah tpl comer ‘Allo. gis tht the ur of myles i he poste words be a al 4s pombe and NoCoda pees no coda app Thee So ze ero ner wi {he fines connie Max BR, whch split fo geal Mae BR and Me, ‘These costal the iz of epics ob CV asus oe i euleion snd CVC in reticulation espe. ‘Wa pct 1 th size ofthe redhat, he conic een he ie mime od the minimum sie segaonet 1s soap by the itn of flowing (8) Ali Syl, LE, L, ll) “Ali ee edge sales wt he eg a prs wor eConple(°C0) ‘Do sot ave compet spent it onto cota poston, e NeCoin NC) Cod ise alowed anelM (irs, 2001) Morpenesia he npt se not alweda have alfa ne ap, Condit (0) cele he eri raking etaeen AL and Max ant106 sri een i present he upc om oping to mc om hee, Alo td by Cm Rel Wh le ot ads with wo sal upbeat #06, Rea M2 Allo. 2 Max eso [CC Real M | Ale: [Mac Sect 3[ 2 cage w sft] cca [WH Lifws dod woittw« ‘The sizeof he epi in pets rluplton vais fm CV 10 CVC. The esi are beste [otto led in pretixredipeion. IF Bee S63 ost ving od ber han) rfc dapion los cota consna {© app [wl es demons the ban on ann ec a bln (1) Wy ‘eT raking (40) Bano sg code in edie AED | Mae |p [i =a jut Tats pas wa] es cid [Woo[e el 43 ‘Asia sli ruption, Allo pls the le of se rnin pois Karel tit mt we wan to have are inept. ((2)Ranking Conic beeen AL ad NoCods eu an All [Noda Seamee [os] rae From ude aia in (128 we can sae ht herein & erin, Bue on he roel by Ker (199), geist ogg fo eet ‘ephemeral be based s We genes. This uments be ape Kovacs wh Mors cust (MeCarhy and Page, 1984: 6), (03) Moremi isjoimese “Martin > se 2M, rss of morpenes MM, a or pele segmental (atosgena token, “Din inane of rpms have dist stents, tskentie™ ‘The Moris consti shows tht he epic cent Be mer ato nein ‘ue of gems io Koran paral rlslion” MorkDs cecil donates ‘loa evens the cand) fom being opti (19 Maphe>> Alo > NaCoda es, uD) | Mohs TAL [Nota redyliton. AL erally mite MXR, and Mae, eral amines Noces in) and (ie) especie (21) allo >> sR, >> NeCode ‘Weil 0j [allo [iacR, [NE Segara [te | o fstab | Ws | 10 [2 eter eal s>woaie ‘he grammar we ot fom th apamet in seen 3.1L, However, produ an pried el ain (12). The ante in (12) bent vite te poo of Seale sf teije —[ wi [tit w 2 38, sum trig ‘Now, we san en ype aking for pil rduption ito one Wh he rete specie Max BR cota We can age the lene of he sie of ‘edopticet i pets and ste reduposion, The making tne! for sempic para reupload (12). “ac ei nt, ec ec met(MAIO *CC RELA Monae ae so Alt ~~ Nac, I .Conasion orem pial reduction diplays many intiging pts that have been tsa in previo het. negating previ sis, hav ud tat Korean aril edpeton iot jest 1 pei enlaces bt he ef an Inaction sone pcos Theis by dca te nate of he reupt he ons which target he setups. Retiplstin i is geenlfrm eration, een hugh te tern appears sometimes ani elation The dierent stro the epics Teas ote formaoe of refi eo which i psi in the inp Te Py pot ofa pe speedup ra he apap omar, which paint iene betwee pein inf) epetion, "The cont inh si of redaction eon he poste sa mine Aad te ital elt eons Noa sow te ze direte in sufi and pfx reste wo be an isn of ‘ntracton bres Noosa arficspetic ve. geneal Max BR ont REFERENCES (hs, Yeneee Yo 198 Opty Koran Ripon, Hanan Si Kae eps 8 (arg Chin Wan 19 Ratan Ki nin Une: PD Dir ‘ain Adan 19, tps peo Lng guy 2931827 et, Evi 1997 Gh OC nd he at of CON, ges Use PD. in, Jintyng 199. An Opioalty Thewee apc 6 ming Kee er Mato 416 arin, Ha. 2001 The Soy of mame atin, ney of afi, Set Sin in 200 Ken Pa Reatin, Mi, Now Bei NI Marty Jo J, mt Pc, Ala 19 Pre Mato 196 New Br gs Ue Cem Cote Since Vest 6. Mca, Jain 1 sd Pin, An 1985 Fehon and Redipve Lémy o ‘Uf Mechta! apse Lines 1, 1 Bk Lars Wats ay an ume Unc 20.98 Anan Mav GLA Pubs Mca, Jin I, and Pre, A956 Frende mepos Ie The Hada of Phone Thar ae Gn 18365, Cae, Ml On, UX: Pang 1996 An OT appa Koel lin end Page fom te 1 ero! Cnfree ova Lng, jn So oes ye Sak Sp Pip. 17, Dinnsos of Varn Mise Rd, Dene! of ing, Unive fae Sut Cra PD. Den ‘Utena, Sime 1996 Piteee et Redan Ie Tate, Uivesty of Lean, Seame 198. Acie reo i ei a The Pca of he He Cot Cafeeeron Fara Ling 7 Ky N Sin Sa) lkeKorean n-Insertion as Domaln-Fnitial Amplifier” Ponghyung Lee Dajon iiveriy 1. Introduction As ited below, repting misrion, Gyeongsng sd Sudd des show 3 pany o CGyempng Det Sted Disa? sink rafal) retail) tl ep thom) nes wae! feat} alway] Modiy? pin “tpi -ampopaiy” tesa) Sralefaia) lai oe ma Tee examples in (1) eet or cosiing of profs suc, wich we menbl omitscio the poste word fee a Gyeongeang dale. ote ‘tue with he compound (Ie wih depos farther mncifeton by aeration By conta ein ie dasliwed the consacion fpf lr sin) ‘wth lee The mecesny and sulle coos for mineon demand 3 Soe eae eee ee Se ee eas ete aan aeeen era Sacre gcase ane Sooner Sa SE me a tw pts ot nau nto Kren Linge 1OeeC Pongo eercengcosoant a el te owing ‘Smith 202, ch) adeses hr the pyebolngitlly seas potion way rests the netienon md ised, allws cay “svengtenag” 10 ad weed reogiton tthe hou Noubly, ake chim Qa the iene of aslainy ‘ostiion athe wot syble combat o word recon. Othe oe ‘nd te ponctaly nrg postin Ike sue ales od log vel ae ely scepblet oieaone Tis pp contends ht rinses in Korean pps as pr of senting © ‘onsale ge of ose exes: ale (holga! wor (PP, honolgial pnse (77H). ional pve UP), wternce (C) (See 188, ‘Nespr and Vogl 1986, fk 1989, Jun 1993 Ilo ust the slam soa ets lawer lee potty eis thse ae hgh ee wall wih the proposal by Jon (1993), Foun tad Keng (197), Cho sa Keating (201) Ti absentia gies wth the cent Tol yom in wich te eens of dine bate stems x encode bythe Br Index (U=aove 5 1P-3, PP, PW, Cho a Kesieg 2001) Ax wil be diced tr on, calgon of the phonetcseniheniag he poede eget dle specie a “This ype is rgmized i lows: Soon? etches te defnion of regis she pes! portion Im Seton 3 we defy the coon epee ployed Keren ant Enea dpm the ein of winston a ade wih Inmaiver to Engl ems of domi spenig Thi sion ects thie contoveny oe Korea ls, cused i secon 6 Seton & ek ovale he Kndanetal mtv th sna opens n Koran ad Eng in are of prepa vena Secon Seer pon poral consti asm fo te Sialechpecifearitions Seton 6 ceneene te pe ierion ar mehr ‘rain tial arenathening, Sting 7 ahi sy 2. Doman Srgatening Accoling to he phonic experiments by Bekins (199), Cho and Keating (2100, te ee of pac ante can he caactried a kind of ‘-aengihenngposon Wht hy itn to comey by stengieng bed 0 the eaemen of perp slene Ihe masaton (Kaa 183) ck of sirariybeveen he esd eosonat and he fliing vowel texporiblef {be ssomeat mst thr saigy might bevel the snot fhe owe at an ise Howey, the Inter eof ng ely ates oid by Bares 202286) 1 mes hat dino of he nial oat ‘snota mero ylable le 7 ite ht in quie a fw lnguge, the wows at he tl ale rent neatralzaton. Howser, according oh exemiaton by Bes ay) ley of te ‘ows srengtning at be al yal aes plc, owing othe pst ps es the poston AS fom the extent te cane ie ge os mod ds ‘urge the absolute i! emetic ot Senses, the cahinement of consicton tends 19 ct we wih ouch ‘engeing iu octed This mean tthe eget anew ‘svg oiton ot supa One thing stew eg and ier ne not ea Ct (2000 poo tele tenis salle stegtcing ty inreaingcoaricion of consonants or lenthning of vowel By ort he ges tl fr engthcing, What he rign ofthese? Un he ab ge et ge plays acc i the eopson cocened ane by Sih 20m) Thus engtsng conse exe te ares fhe at of ‘A ebeed ahve, soe i ended ty the deseo he snort of oni cece Le he nese of ingsplatl contin. Te md Ontinaiy Toy Pics and Sates 1995) fllwing akon (1962 Mes ‘he sengthning atte sylable level 4 mater of refernce flee tna (2) adel >> gu >> ema # > bare nis ppt, anu hat hele rfrence king wots st oly o sae ‘ee, but mt be ead her ihe pod vel (2) seer >> igi >> asa ob 2 sebaefPa>> lad o> anal Ph >> obama PP © SBP >> tgalP> rnaaP > sosevent 4 gid>>egilt>> onaallU>> bt ‘The ive Hissin 2) and) represent the preeene of es sont comenan tte ge ofeach rsd catguy Fr these of explanation Sel, et ws die the couple of proc cosines im Korat anslagal word andool! prs, which te cca to or argumentation, fling the eis Iota ie Ki (1992 Han (19) (4) Ponape Word Profi em, stems, ich element of compound cnc indent Poni wot a Korea, especie ' Phonolge Piase Deyn ba pl lies compre an indpentent toll hae ‘anda (5) (taal fn ter seks OBJECT bay PASTEL The Date Aso is (1) at thee ee etn shows dle-pesflevaisions. By Cntr serio a he ot lexi ive vary aps a art below (Oa Moaier+ Noun el ‘sim lt) ay: FUTURE propery tobe moved obec Vat ‘Feat jks ptf bar Haase) pu ACC dey PRES DEL foal pag softballs anol has) “ep TOMC MARKEE daly eva FRESE ‘The eps in (8) rors calito nthe ese oa receding ner amon. One ing ing (6) tht te pont eel eee = hwy, ie the lel eel is (2). On he ai fhe beating, He (1938 0) tines inser es (), mimetion ian 1984) 99 a/(ol Che flab bia te domain unter (7) tes eg Fist ofl be ‘sled aes ike (7) ok he ie of varity of here apleaon ‘Seung the dons: ah el ee sows sewed ale vations, while 1 the pls eve, snver fl ply. Mace, he le (7 ase sing ‘heen ik allowing: nat he ol the pean coment why hoes Woe exces of ei sonmn et 2 mich Rae bee ae! lr a # ‘lable nse? To pt out ofthe robles above ci team kes lace 2 doin! srengexing a rosie ous. The dala varions he lec lvls malt wes th Staying is ped by oer regiments on Koran phonics. “Athi poi wuld Be mdtry make lea why aeons bir the pt ve! evel in cot the eile. Fr te expan, am at lest of estat braised ape: (a thay >> rar > searro>iaen>> eet ¢ sii ag ia iP gl Sam a> a P> el E> al 2 {Coaett>> >be PE aa ‘Win Rear above means tht -

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