COURSE

IN
GENERAL
LINGUISTICS
(1919)

Charles Ballyand
Albert Sechehayeon
the basis of notes
taken
from
Saussure's lectures
in Geneva.

Albert
Sechehaye

Charles Bally

THE
OBJECT
OF
STUDY

FERDINAND DE
SAUSSURE

 Born26 November 1857

Geneva,Switzerland
Died22 February 1913(aged55)
Vufflens-le-Chteau,Vaud, Switzerland
AlmamaterLeipzig University
Era19th-century philosophy
Region : Western philosophy
School Structuralism,semiotics
InstitutionsEPHE
University of Geneva
Main interests
Linguistics
Notable ideas
Semiology,langue and parole,synchronic analysis,
arbitrariness of the linguistic sign

INFLUNCES:
Bharthari
( 5TH CENT BC)

SOUND OF A
SPEAKER
VOCAL ORGANS

PHONETIC DUALITY
ORAL
ACTIVITY/AUDITOR
Y IMPRESSION

SOUND GIVES US
IDEA:
A PSYCHOLOGICAL
CONCEPT

LANGUAGE IS
INDIVIDUAL/SO
CIAL

LANGUAGE AS
DIACHRONIC
( HISTORICAL)
SYNCHRONIC
( THE PRESENT

IN
REALITY,
THE
CONNECTION BETWEEN
THE TWO ( DIACHRONIC
AND SYNCHRONIC) IS
SO CLOSE THAT IT IS
HARD
TO
SEPARATE
THEM (03)

 WE ARE
SIMULTANEOUSLY
AWARE OF THE NEED
TO DEAL WITH OTHER
SUBJECTS SUCH AS
PSYCHOLOGY,
ANTHROPOLOGY,
PHILOSOPHY,
PRESPECTIVE

ONLY STRUCTURAL
APPROACH
CAN
SOLVE
THE
PROBLEM

FROM
THE
CENTRE OF
LANGUAGE
TO
THE
OTHER

WHETHER
OUR SPEECH
ORGANS ARE
NATURAL TO

THE
STRUCTURE
OF LANGUAGE IS A
SOCIAL
PRODUCT
OF OUR LANGUAGE
FACULTY

HE QUOTES WILLIAM
DWIGHT WHITNEY ( A
SANSKRIT SCHOLAR)
THAT
IT IS MERE
ACCIDENT
THAT
VOCAL
ACCARATUS
HAS COME TO BE

WHITNEY WROTE 24
VOL
DICTIONARY
The
Century
Dictionary
and
Cyclopedia (1891)

SAUSSURE
AND
BROCAS
DISCOVERY

BROCAS
SPOT

PAUL
BROCA
DISCOVERED
BRAIN
AREA
( THIRD FRONTAL
OF
THE
LEFT

Broca's work also

contributed to
the development
of
physical anthrop
ology
, advancing the

APHASIA: Aphasia
is a combination
of a speech and
language
disorder

SAUSSURES SPEECH
CIRCUIT

SPEECH CIRCUIT
1.WAVES FROM MOUTH.
2.INTERNAL PART WHICH
CREATES IT.
3.PSYCHOLOGICAL/NONPSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT.
4.ACTIVE AND PASSIVE PART

LANGUAGE
IS A SOCIAL
ACTIVITY

SPEECH/LANGU
AGE

STRUCTURE/LANGUA
GE
STRUCTURE/FRENCH
, GERMAN, HINDI
ETC

Langue :encompasses the

abstract,
systematic
rules and conventions of
asignifying system.
Paroletypically when it is
translated
means
speech.

AN
INDIVIDUAL
ISPOWERLESS
EITHER
TO
CREATE OR THE
MODIFY

LANGUAGE
SYSTEM
SIGNS.
SPEECH
INDIVIDUAL

IS
OF
IS

PART III
LANGUAGES AND
THEIR PLACE IN
HUMAN AFFAIRS,
SEMIOLOGY

JONATHAN
CULLER:
WHEN
SAUSSURE
POSTULATED
A
SCIENCE
OF
SEMIOLOGY, OR THE
SCIENCE OF SIGNS,
HE SAID THAT IF ONE
CONSIDERS
RITES

THIS PAVED WAY TO

LEVI STRAUSS:
STRUCTURE IN
ANTHROPOLOGY.
ROLAND BARTHES.
CHOMSKY: IN GRAMMAR