A sprain, also known as a torn

ligament, is damage to one or

more ligaments in a joint, often
caused by trauma or the joint
being taken beyond its
functional range of motion.
The severity of sprain ranges
from a minor injury which
resolves in a few days to a
major rupture of one or more
ligaments requiring surgical
fixation and a period of
immobilization. Sprains can
occur in any joint but are most
common in the ankle and
wrist.

Signs and symptoms

Pain
Swelling
Bruising
Decreased ability to move
the limb
If a ligament ruptures, one
may hear a popping sound
Difficulty using the
affected extremity

loosen the joint, increases blood

flow and makes the joint more
flexible.

Classification
First degree sprain the fibers
of the ligament are stretched
but intact.
Second degree sprain is a
tear of part of a ligament, from
a third to almost all its fibers.
Third degree sprain is a
complete rupture of the
ligament,
sometimes avulsing a piece of
bone.
Joints involved
Although any joint can
experience a sprain, some of
the more common include:

common, and has been said

that sprains such as serious
ankle sprains are more
painful and take longer to
heal than actually breaking
the bones in that area.

Causes
Sprains typically occur when the
joint is taken beyond its functional
range of motion.
There are certain factors which
increase risk of sprains. Fatigue of
muscles generally leads to sprains.
When one suddenly starts to
exercise after a sedentary lifestyle,
sprains are quite common. While
scientific studies are lacking, it is
often thought that not warming-up
is a common cause of sprains in
athletes. Warming-up is thought to

The ankle. It is the most

See sprained ankle for

more details.
[3]

The knee. One of the more

talked about sprains is that
to the anterior cruciate
ligament (ACL) of the knee.
This is a disabling sprain
common to athletes,
especially in American
football, football

(soccer), basketball, pole

vaulting, softball, baseball a
nd some styles of martial
arts. See anterior cruciate
ligament injury.

Ligaments between the

spinal vertebrae

The fingers.

The wrist.

The toes.

Submitted by:
MAPEH Teacher

Submitted to: Sir Adrian Diaz