Pharmaceutics I (Pharm351)

05 Solubility & distribution phenomena

Introduction

Definitions

Solubility expressions

Solubility expressions (Contd)

Solvent-solute interactions

Solvent-solute interactions
1. Polar solvents

Solvent-solute interactions
1. Polar solvents (Contd)

Solvent-solute interactions
1. Polar solvents (Contd)

Solvent-solute interactions
2. Non-polar solvents

Solvent-solute interactions
3. Semi-polar solvents

Solubility of gases in liquids

Solubility of gases in liquids

Introduction

Solubility of gases in liquids

Factors that affect the solubility of gases in liquids

Solubility of gases in liquids

Factors that affect the solubility of gases in liquids (Contd)

Solubility of gases in liquids

Factors that affect the solubility of gases in liquids (Contd)

Solubility of gases in liquids

Factors that affect the solubility of gases in liquids (Contd)

Solubility of gases in liquids

Solubility calculations

Example 1

Example 1 (Contd)

Solubility of liquids in liquids

Introduction

Ideal vs. real solutions

Example 2

Effect of internal pressure on miscibility

Complete vs. partial miscibility

Phase equilibria & the phase (Gibbs) rule

Examples on phase rule

Single component system (C=1)

Phase rule:
1. Single component system (Contd)

Phase rule:
1. Single component system (Contd)

Phase rule:
1. Single component system

Two components system (C=2)

Two components system (C=2)

Condensed systems

Water-phenol partially miscible condensed system

Water-phenol partially miscible condensed system (Contd)

Example 3: Water-phenol system

Example 4: Water-Phenol
system

Factors that affect miscibility of

two component liquid-liquid
systems

Factors that affect miscibility:

1. Temperature

Some systems are always partially

miscible as a function of temperature
They do not show neither upper nor lower
critical temperature points

Factors that affect miscibility:

2. Presence of foreign substances

Three components system (C=3)

Phase rule in three component system

Rules in dealing with triangular systems

Rules in dealing with triangular systems

(Contd)

Ternary Systems with One Pair of Partially Miscible

.Liquids

Ternary Systems with One Pair of Partially Miscible

Liquids (Contd).
Effect of temperature

Ternary Systems with Two Pairs of Partially Miscible

.Liquids

Ternary Systems with Three Pairs of Partially Miscible

.Liquids