Grammar Review

4 Types of Sentences:

Asking (Interrogative): Did the dog run down the street?

Telling/Statement (Declarative): The dog ran down the street.
Commanding (Imperative): Watch the dog run down the street.
Exclaiming (Exclamatory): Look out for the dog running down the street!

Noun:

Person, Place, or Thing

Common nouns: dog, teacher, zoo
Proper nouns: Rover, Ms. Franzen, Atlanta Zoo

Subject / Predicate:

The subject tells the "who or what" in the sentence; the predicate tells you what the subject did:
Example: The dog and cat ran down the street.
Subject: The dog and cat
Predicate: ran down the street.

Adjective: An adjective describes (modifies) a noun.

Example: The shaggy dog and the furry cat ran down the winding road.
Adverb: An adverb describes (modifies) the verb.
Example: The shaggy dog and the furry cat ran quickly down the winding road.
Contractions:
do + not = don't
won't = will + not

Articles:

Articles are "special" adjectives that describe a noun - they imply that the number is one (and a number is an
adjective).
Articles are: a, an, the
Examples:

a tree. ( the word 'a' implies one tree).

Do you see the dog? (the word 'the' implies one dog).
An elephant waded in the river. (the word 'an' implies one elephant).
Pronoun:A pronoun replaces a noun in a sentence.
I see

Pronouns: he, she, it, they, we, I, you, us, we, our, ours, their, theirs, him, his, her, hers, them, its, mine, my,
your, yours

THEY went to a movie

Homophone/homonym/homograph: Words that often sound the same, but have different meanings,
Example: The girl and boy went to a movie.

different sounds, and/or usually different spellings. We will focus mainly on homophones.

Homophones

are words that are spelled different and have different meanings, but they sound the same.
Examples: ate/eight; by/buy/bye; to/too/two; your/you're; their/there/they're

Homographs

are words that sound the same, have the same spelling, but sound different:
Example: wound/wound. I wound a bandage around his wound.

Homonyms
Examples:

are words that are spelled the same, sound the same, but have different meanings:

die (as in death) and die (as in a template used to cut things)
bow (to bend at the waist) and bow (the front of a boat)
bow (like a ribbon) and bow (used with an arrow)

Verb:A verb is a word that shows the action in a sentence - it shows what someone or something is being or
doing. A verb is usually the first word in the predicate:

ran down the street and jumped on the curb.

Irregular verbs do not show action but are still the predicate. We also call them "Linking Verbs" because
The dog

they link the subject and predicate together:

Examples: are, is, was, has, have, do, does, want, were, being, been, am, will
We are here. She

will wait

for me.

Synonyms:

Synonyms are words that are similar in meaning:

Antonyms:

Antonyms are words that are opposites:

Examples:
small, little, tiny
big, huge, large, enormous, gigantic
Examples:
hot, cold
inside, outside
wide, narrow
short, tall
under, over