Professional Documents
Culture Documents
აშშ-ბრიტანეთის სპეცსამსახურები PDF
აშშ-ბრიტანეთის სპეცსამსახურები PDF
Tbilisi
2013
redaqtori:
recenzentebi:
Temur SurRulaia
iuristi, policiis vice-polkovniki
avTandil sonRulaSvili
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori
gela caava
iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis, humanitarul
mecnierebaTa fakultetis doqtoranti,
policiis kapitani
teqnikuri redaqtori:
nugzar sotkilava
Jurnalisti
ISBN
Tornike SurRulaia, Tbilisi 2013.
sarCevi
geosivrciTi
specsamsaxurebis anbani
dazvervis
qveynis
prezidentisTvis,
erovnuli
uSiSroebis
sabWosTvis,
saxelmwifo mdivnisTvis, Tavdacvis mdivnisa da sxva aRmasrulebeli
xelisuflebis liderebisaTvis faseuli informaciis mopoveba da
drouli miwodeba qveynis strategiuli kursis gasatareblad.
dazvervis ganviTareba da organizeba.
faseuli
informaciis
mopoveba
saerTaSoriso
teroristuli
organizaciebis, mtruli saxelmwifoebis dazvervis samsaxurebis da
narko-sindikatebis moqmedebis da gegmebis Sesaxeb SemdgomSi maT
winaaRmdeg winaswari prevenciuli specaqciebis droulad Catarebis da
safrTxis aRmofxvris mizniT.
specialuri RonisZiebebi aSS-s sagareo politikuri miznebis da
interesebis farulad mxardaWera ucxoeTis qveynebSi, RonisZiebis tipi
dazvervis
16
saagentodan
centraluri
sadazvervo
saagento
damoukidebel
organos
warmoadgens,
sxva
danarCeni
15
elementi,
sammarTvelo, saagento Tu biuro imyofebian federaluri aRmasrulebeli
uwyebebis SemadgenlobaSi. aSS-s dazvervis sistemas xelmZRvanelobs
erovnuli dazvervis direqtori, presidentis mrCeveli dazvervis da
usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi, romelic uSualod amerikis prezidentis winaSea
pasuxismgebeli.
dazvervis
ZiriTadi
saagentoebis
garda
arseboben
sxvadasxva uwyebis samsaxurebi, romlebic ZiriTadi dazvervis saagentoebis
saqmianobis dublirebas axdenen, Tumca es saqmianoba efeqturia da
informaciis gadamowmebis erTgvar saSualebas warmoadgens. aSS-s dazvervis
sistemis elementebia:
aSS-s centraluri sadazvervo saagento
aSS-s Tavdacvis departamenti:
- samxedro sahaero Zalebis dazvervis saagento, dakvirveba da dazverva
- amerikis armiis dazverva da usafrTxoebis sardloba
- Tavdacvis departamentis dazvervis saagento
- sazRvao qveiTi korpusis dazverva
- geo-sivrciTi dazvervis erovnuli saagento
- samxedro-kosmosuri dazvervis erovnuli ofisi
- erovnuli usafrTxoebis saagento
- samxedro-sazRvao dazvervis ofisi
aSS-s energetikis departamenti
- dazvervisa da kontrdazvervis ofisi
aSS-s erovnuli usafrTxoebis departamenti
- dazvervisa da analizis ofisi
- sanapiro dacvis dazverva
oTxi TanaSemwe:
-
TanaSemwe
teqnikuri
saSualebebiT
informaciis
mopovebis
kibersivrcis marTvis sakiTxebSi
TanaSemwe agenturuli dazvervis sakiTxebSi
TanaSemwe Ria wyaroebidan monacemTa mopovebis sakiTxebSi
TanaSemwe teqnikur sakiTxebSi
da
Semdegi
da
RonisZiebebis
gamarTulad
warmoebas.
2005
wels
Tavdacvis
departamentma warmoadgina samxedro da strategiuli dazvervis
erToblivi moRvaweobis, programa, Tumca aris situaciebi, rodesac
praqtikaSi erToblivi programiT moqmedeba
xSirad
Tavdacvis
departamentis mxridan garTulebebiT mimdinareobda, radgan Tavdacvis
departamenti iSviaTad midis daTmobebze, surs mtkice poziciebis da
ambiciebis gamyareba da SenarCuneba.
aSS-is dazvervis biujeti aTwleulebis manZilze:
FISCAL YEAR
fiskaluri weli
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
1998
1997
NIP BUDGET
erovnuli dazvervis
programebis biujeti
53.9 miliardi $
54.6 miliardi $
53.1 miliardi $
49.8 miliardi $
47.5 miliardi $
43.5 miliardi $
40.9 miliardi $
44.0 miliardi $
39.8 miliardi $
26.7 miliardi $
26.6 miliardi $
MIP BUDGET
samxedro dazvervis
programebis biujeti
21.5 miliardi $
24 miliardi $
27 miliardi $
26.4 miliardi $
22.9 miliardi $
20 miliardi $
TOTAL
saerTo jami
75.4 miliardi
78.6 miliardi
80.1 miliardi
76.2 miliardi
70.4 miliardi
63.5 miliardi
strategiuli
dazvervis
organoebisTvis
biujetis
gazrdis
rCeva
xelisuflebas 9/11-is specialurma komisiam misca, rac maTi azriT ufro
nayofier Sedegebs moutanda qveynis interesebs da dazvervis saqmianobac
metad efeqturi iqneboda. is Tu rogor nawildeba Tanxebi dazvervis
samsaxurebs Soris gasaidumloebulia, Tumca cnobilia is rom biujeti
ixarjeba mraval miliardiani satelituri proeqtebis, safreni teqnikis da
aparatebis, specialuri SeiaraRebisTvis, eleqtronuli sensorebisTvis,
sadazvervo analizisTvis, specialuri aRWurvilobisTvis, SpionaJisTvis,
kompiuteruli teqnikisa da misi programuli uzrunvelyofisTvis.
dazvervis
sistemaze
zedamxedvelobas
anxorcielebs,
rogorc
aRmasrulebeli ise sakanonmdeblo Sto. uSualo kontrols aRmasrulebeli
xelisuflebidan awarmoeben:
-
$
$
$
$
$
$
generali
mailsi
da
gamoZiebis
federaluri
biuros
direqtori
konkurenciis
SiSiT
Sepyrobilni
axali
specsamsaxuris
Seqmnis
kategoriulad winaaRmdegni iyvnen. donovans didi Zalisxmeva dasWirda
daerwmunebina
kongresis
izolacionisti
deputatebi
da
konkurenti
specsamsaxurebi, Tu ramdenad didi mniSvneloba hqonda strategiuli
dazvervis axali struqturis Seqmnas da mis globalur maStabebze
moqmedebas.
1941 wlis 11 ivliss franklin delano ruzveltis brZanebiT Seiqmna
informaciis koordinaciis biuro, romlis koordinatorad dainiSna viliam
donovani. biuros ZiriTadi amocana iyo erovnuli usafrTxoebis sakiTxebTan
dakavSirebuli informaciis mopoveba, damuSaveba da prezidentisTvis
miwodeba. sawyis etapze biuroSi 92 TanamSromeli msaxurobda, xolo ukve
1941 wlis dekemberSi biuro ukve 500-ze met TanamSromels iTvlida. axali
specsamsaxuris struqturis modeli ZiriTadad britaneTis specialuri
operaciebis sammarTvelos magaliTze iyo formirebuli. biuroSi Sedioda
sami
ganyofileba:
kvlevebis
da
analizis
ganyofileba,
romelic
axorcielebda Ria wyaroebidan miRebuli informaciis ganzogadebas,
ganyofileba
ZiriTadad
kompleqtdeboda
elituri
universitetebis
mecnierebiT. danarCeni ori ganyofileba pasuxismgebeli iyo propagandis,
fsiqologiuri omis, agenturuli dazvervis da specialuri operaciebis
warmoebaze. Servudis xelmZRvanelobiT muSaobda ucxoeTis informaciuli
samsaxuri, romelic RerZis qveynebis dafarvis zonaze avrcelebda
propagandistul radio gadacemebs.
axali specsamsaxuris arsebobas mkacrad akritikebdnen samxedro wreebSi,
Tumca situacia maleve Seicvala donovanis sasargeblod, mas mxardaWera
gamoucxada brigadis generalma smitma. smiti aRniSnavda, rom SeiZleboda
arsebuli specsamsaxuris saqmianobis armiis sasargeblod Semotrialeba, is
amtkicebda, rom mxari unda daeWiraT da ara winaaRmdegoba gaewiaT viliam
donovanisTvis, prezidentTan daaxloebuli pirisTvis, romelic uSualod
prezidentis winaSe iyo angariSvaldebuli. generli smitis mxardaWeris
faqti gamoiyena franklin delano ruzveltma da 1942 wlis 13 ivniss
informaciis koordinaciis biuros bazaze Seiqmna ori organizacia:
samxedro informaciis sammarTvelo da strategiuli samsaxurebis ofisi,
romlebic manamde emorCileboda gaerTianebuli Stabis xelmZRvanelTa
komitets.
strategiuli samsaxurebis ofisi struqturulad centraluri aparatis
qvedanayofebisgan da ucxoeTis misiebisgan Sedgeboda, ucxoeTis misiebs
Soris yvelaze mniSvnelovani da mravalricxovani
londonis misia iyo.
strategiuli samsaxurebis ofisis aparatSi Sedioda samdivno, uSiSroebis
ganyofileba, strategiuli samsaxurebis ofisis mTavari sabWo, kvleviTi
ganyofileba da proeqtirebis da kavSiris ganyofilebebi. dagegmarebis
jgufi uSualod ofisis direqtors emorCileboda. ofisis direqtoris erTerTi moadgile akontrolebda xuT ganyofilebas, saidumlo dazvervis
ganyofileba, romelic Sedgeboda: afrikis, evropis, axlo da Soreuli
aRmosavleTis
qveganyofilebebisgan,
aRniSnuli
rgoli
awarmoebda
direqtoratis struqtura:
-
sagareo
dazvervis
sammarTvelo,
akontrolebs
regionaluri
ganyofilebebis operatiul saqmianobas, afasebs informaciis wyaroebis
saimedoobas. SeimuSavebs praqtikul rekomendaciebs operatiuli
qvedanayofebisTvis.
sagareo kontrdazvervis sammarTvelo, uzrunvelyofs centraluri
sadazvervo
saagentos
rezidenturebis
sadazvervo
saqmianobis
usafrTxoebas.
axorcielebs
agenturis
ucxo
qveynebis
specsamsaxurebSi SeRwevas da aqtiurad TanamSromlobs ucxo qveynis
specsamsaxurebidan gamoqceul yofil oficrebTan.
saidumlo operaciebis da teqnikuri samsaxurebis sammarTvelo,
pasuxismgebelia saidumlo operaciebis teqnikur uzrunvelyofaze.
kontrteroristuli
centri,
koordinirebas
uwevs
centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos saerTaSoriso terorizmis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli
qvedanayofebis saqmianobas.
antinarkotikuli centri, aanalizebs narkotikebTan dakavSirebul
informacias,
SeimuSavebs
da
axorcielebs
narko-sindikatebis
saqmianobis aRmkveT RonisZiebebs.
sammarTvelos
gankargulebaSia
centraluri
sadazvervo
saagentos
operatiuli
centri,
romelic
24
saaTis
ganmavlobaSi
aanalizebs
msoflioSi mimdinare movlenebs, raTa droulad iqnas aRmoCenili
krizisuli situaciebi, romlebic momavalSi SesaZlebelia daemuqros aSS-s
erovnuli usafrTxoebis interesebs.
-
kadrebis marTvis
kadrebis momzadebisa da gadamzadebis
uSiSroebis
finansuri
informaciis Zebnis da Senaxvis
kompiuteruli teqnikis
kavSiris marTvis
medicinis da sayofacxovrebo erTeulebis
iTvleboda.
nugzar
sajaiam
mokle
droSi
SeZlo
axladSeqmnili
struqturisaTvis iseTi impulsebis micema, imgvari Ria da faruli
administraciuli berketebis Tavis xelSi moqceva da saWiro momentSi
amoqmedeba, rac sxvebisaTvis warmoudgenel sirTules warmoadgenda.
2002 w. batoni nugzar sajaias gardacvalebis dRidan daiwyo eus-os
struqturaSi cvlilebebi. muSaobis stili da ZiriTadi prioritetebi
Seicvala. daikarga samarTaldamcavi da Zalovani uwyebebis muSaobis
Tundac formaluri koordinaciis moTxovnileba, rac mTel msoflioSi
miRebuli praqtikaa. eus-os aparati ukve aRar iyo is avtoritetuli organo,
romelsac sakadro politika mihyavda da mis rekomendaciebs wona hqonda.
samwuxarod unda iTqvas, rom XXI-e saukunis dasawyiss saqarTvelo, romelic
msoflios erT-erT urTules geopolitikur regionSi mdebareobs, policiis
uzarmazari kadrebiT da msoflioSi, albaT yvelaze susti jariTa da
specsamsaxurebiT Sexvda.
vfiqrob prezidentis uflebamosilebis Sesaxeb 2013 wlis 21 martis
sakonstitucio cvlilebebis Semdeg eus-om funqcia dakarga, Tumca
aRniSnuli struqtura arc manamde gamoirCeoda prognozirebisa da
prevenciis didi SesaZleblobebiT, rac samwuxarod daamtkica 2008 wlis
agvistos
tragikulma
movlenebma.
Cemi
azriT
qveynis
erovnuli
usafrTxoebis gaZlierebis mizniT aucilebelia erovnuli uSiSroebis
sabWos
nacvlad,
Seiqmnas
specialuri
gaerTianebuli
komiteti.
saxelmwifom unda Camoayalibos 21-e saukunis gamowvevebis da safrTxeebis
winaaRmdeg efeqturad mebrZoli, mudmivi mzadyofnis reJimSi moqmedi
prognozirebis da prevenciuli RonisZiebebis efeqturad gamtarebeli
struqtura, romelic erovnuli usafrTxoebis fari iqneba. vfiqrob
saqarTvelos erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWo faqtiurad ufunqcio da susti
rgolia, man amowura Tavisi resursi da marTlac mxolod formaluri
statusiTRa
Semoifargleba.
specialuri
gaerTianebuli
komiteti
saqarTvelos
mTavrobis
SemadgenlobaSi
unda
Sevides.
specialuri
gaerTianebuli komiteti koordinirebas gauwevs Zalovani struqturebis da
sxva da sxva strategiuli mniSvnelobis saministroebis saqmianobas
(ganusazRvravs
qveynisaTvis
prioritetul
sakiTxebs).
specialuri
gaerTianebuli komiteti mTavrobis meTaurisTvis prioritetuli da
efeqturi kontrolis rgoli iqneba, romelic parlamentis Tavdacvisa da
uSiSroebis komitetis winaSe iqneba angariSvaldebuli. specialuri
gaerTianebuli komitets uxelmZRvanelebs direqtori, igive premieris
mrCeveli erovnuli usafrTxoebisa da globaluri politikis sakiTxebSi.
specialuri komitetis aparatSi Seva Sefasebebis 5 sammarTvelo da
administracia. Sefasebebis sammarTveloebi dakompleqtdeba kvalificiuri
analitikosebiT, romlebic kvlevebs Caatareben specialuri komitetis mier
dasmul konkretul da qveynisTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis sferosa da
sakiTxebze.
gansakuTrebul
SemTxvevebSi
specialuri
gaerTianebuli
komiteti Seqmnis sagangebo Stabs, romelSic specifikidan gamomdinare
Sevlen saqarTvelos Zalovani ministrebi da specsamsaxurebis direqtorebi,
da
premieris
mrCevlebi
6. administracia
komitetis saqmianobas warmarTavs direqtori da misi sami moadgile:
-
mis
pragmatikas.Aam
mxaris
zogierTi
aspeqtis
mokle
mimoxilvamde
sasurvelia SeiniSnos, rom megehis mtkicebaSi fraza faruli qmedeba
farTo mniSvnelobiTaa gamoyenebuli da moicavs saidumlo operaciis
(Clandestine Operation) cnebasac. rogorc wesi am or cnebas ansxvaveben, farul
qmedebaSi arsebiTia TviTon qmedebis da ara misi Sedegis faruloba,
rodesac specoperaciis Sedegi saxezea, magaliTad obieqtis likvidaciis
faqti, magram ucnobia Semsrulebeli da damkveTi mxare. saidumlo
operacia gansxvavdeba specoperaciaSi miRweuli Sedegebis farulobiT. amis
magaliTia gavlenis agentis gadmobireba, romelSic mosyiduli agentis
Ralatis ucnoboba operaciis warmatebis kriteriumia.
filip barnet franklin eiji (Philip Burnett Franklin Agee) dazvervis
centraluri saagentos yofili oficeri, am organizaciis ufro didi
kritikosia vidre megehi. man bevri ram gaakeTa imisTvis, rom sajarod
cnobili gamxdariyo is saSualebebi, romlebic SeaZlebinebda konkretul
sazogadoebas, Tu jgufs nawilobriv mainc SeezRuda amerikuli dazvervis
agentTa an amerikis dazvervis oficerTa SesaZlo ukanono qmedebebi maT
qveyanaSi, misi TqmiT erT-erTi aucilebeli nabiji amerikeli mzveravebis
mier gadabirebuli agentebis vinaobis gamJRavneba gaxldaT. filip eijis
mier 1975 wels gamoqveynebulma wignma Inside The Company: CIA Diary (kompaniis
SigniT: dazvervis centraluri saagentos dRiuri) didwilad ganapiroba is,
rom 1982 wels amerikis kongresma miiRo mzveravTa vinaobis dacvis aqti
(Intelligence Identities Protection Act) romlis Tanaxmad amerikuli dazvervis
faruli agentis vinaobis gamxela vinmes mier federalur danaSauls
warmoadgens, magram aRniSnuli aqti mxolod aSS-s teritoriaze an mis
moqalaqeebze vrceldeba. eijim 250 faruli agentis vinaoba daasaxela, ris
Semdegac igi iZulebuli gaxda daetovebina aSS da sicocxlis bolomde
erTi qveynidan meoreSi gadasaxlebuliyo, sanam 2008 wlis 9 ianvars kubaSi
ar dalia suli.
zogadad cnobilia, rom amerikeli mzveravebi ucxo qveyanaSi ZiriTadad
ori saxis legendiT miemgzavrebian: erT-erTia diplomatiuri korpusis
TanamSromlis legendiT, romliTac mzveravi ucxo qveyanaSi amerikis
saelCos TanamSromlad gvevlineba. meore legendaa biznesmenis amplua, es
ar niSnavs, rom mocemuli mzveravis biznesi ararealuria, es mxolod erTerTi SesaZleblobaa. legendis mqone mzveravi SeiZleba eweodes realur
biznes-saqmianobas da aTavsebdes mas mis mTavar sadazvervo saqmesTan. xSir
SemTxvevaSi, es SeTavseba sakmaod nayofieria misTvis da xels uwyobs
samizne sazogadoebaSi myari kavSirisa da ndobis mopovebas. mzveravis am
ori legendis garda, dazvervis muSaks SeiZleba aseve SexvdeT rogorc
erTjerad stumars qveyanaSi, iqneba es gacvliTi programis studenti,
mowveuli maswavlebeli, religiuri muSaki, politikuri eqsperti, saarCevno
meTvalyure Tu mravali sxva.
dazvervis centraluri saagentos specaqciebis realuri profilis
dasanaxad aucilebelia specialuri operaciebis sammarTvelos (Special
Activities Division) saqmianobis codna. specialuri operaciebis sammarTvelo
gamarjveba. erT-erTi mTavari mizezi gaxldaT is, rom meore msoflio omis
Semdeg
Seqmnili
bloki
NATO socialisturi
varSavis
blokisagan
gansxvavebiT warmodgenili iyo rogorc erTiani gundi. NATO-s Seqmnis
pirveli dReebidanve sabWoTa komunizmisagan Tavdacvis mizniT dasavleT
evropis saxelmwifoebi Zal-Rones ar iSurebdnen, raTa aSS-s samxedro
kontingenti evropaSi gazrdili yofiliyo. amitomac iyo, rom NATO-s
evropeli mokavSireebis teritoriaze 200-ze meti aSS-is samxedro bazisa da
samxedro obieqtis ganTavseba ganxorcielda nebayoflobiT safuZvelze,
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis da misi evropeli mokavSireebis interesebis
urTierTgaTvaliswinebiT. amave dros, evropis qveynebis mosaxleobis
umravlesoba, acnobierebda ra sabWoTa kavSiridan mosalodnel safrTxes,
ar iyo negatiurad ganwyobili aSS-is politikuri istebliSmentis da misi
samxedro bazebis mimarT.
komunisturi banakis daSlis Sedegad msoflioSi Seiqmna sruliad axali
geopolitikuri realobebi. zemoaRniSnulma faqtma Seqmna imis myari
safuZveli, rom momxdariyo Crdiloatlantikuri aliansis transformacia.
`civi omis~ dasrulebis periodSi NATO-s ZiriTad mizans warmoadgenda
aRmosavleTTan
konfrontaciis
politikidan
partniorobisa
da
TanamSromlobis politikaze gadasvla. aliansisaTvis erT-erT umTavres
prioritets warmoadgenda da warmoadgens evropis uSiSroebis axali
arqiteqturis mSenebloba, romlis mTavari safuZveli unda iyos dasavluri
demokratiuli faseulobebi.
NATO-s saqmianobisas ZiriTadi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia usafrTxoebis
sakiTxebze da maRali donis diplomatiaze, rac dakavSirebulia samxedropolitikuri
blokis
samitebTan
da
am
RonisZiebebze
miRebul
gadawyvetilebebze. globaluri xasiaTis sakiTxebis gadaWrasTan erTad
NATO yoveldRiurad aqtiuradaa CarTuli mravalricxovani proeqtebis
ganxorcielebaSi, romlebic mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs evroatlantikur
regionSi usafrTxoebis kuTxiT mdgomareobis gaumjobesebaSi.
XXI saukuneSi, rogorc sxva erebs, aseve amerikas mouwevs, iswavlos
lavireba xist aucileblobasa da moqnil arCevans Soris, saerTaSoriso
urTierTobebis ucvlel principebsa da elementebs Soris.
aSS-s sagareo politika ganisazRvreba ara imdenad sakuTari nebasurviliT,
aramed
aucileblobiT,
rac
imperiisagan
gansxvavebiT,
respublikis damaxasiaTebeli jansaRi tendenciaa. 21-e saukuneSi aSS-s
warmateba yvelaze metad damokidebulia momavlis sworad ganWvretis
unarze da amerikuli xasiaTis fenomenze. amerikelebi darwmunebulni arian,
rom msoflio srulyofili ver gaxdeba, magram mas SeuZlia gacilebiT
ukeTesi gaxdes, vidre es bevrs hgonia.
amitomac
zedmeti
xmauris
gareSe
moxda
hovardis
gaTavisufleba
samsaxuridan da Semdeg cdilobdnen daeviwyebiaT aRniSnuli faqti, anu
uxeSad rom vTqvaT surdaT mieCqmalaT es ambavi.
samsaxuridan ganTavisuflebis Semdeg hovardi meuRlesTan erTad niumeqsikoSi gaemgzavra da qalaq santafeSi dasaxlda. aRniSnul periodSi
hovardi metad rTul finansur mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda. am rTul
periodSi mas SeeZina vaJi da materialuri sirTuleebi ufro metad daawva
kiserze. hovardi ganawyenebuli iyo dazvervidan ganTavisuflebis faqtiT.
misi azriT samsaxuridan umizezod ganTavisuflebam daangria mis mier
warmatebulad dawyebuli dazvervis oficris brwyinvale kariera. aRniSnuli
ganwyobiT hovardma SurisZiebis mizniT gadawyvita sabWoTa dazvervasTan
dakavSireba da TanamSromlobis SeTavazeba. am mizniT 1985 wels gaemgzavra
avstriaSi da mimarTa sabWoTa saelCos. hovardTan urTierTobas kurirebas
uwevda saxelmwifo uSiSroebis komitetis pirveli mTavari sammarTvelos
xelmZRvaneli vladimer kruCkovi. hovards mieniWa operatiuli fsevdonimi
roberti. fuladi anazRaurebis sanacvlod man detalurad uambo sabWoTa
dazvervis oficrebs centraluri sadazvervo saagentos mier sabWoTa
kavSiris winaaRmdeg dagegmili specoperaciebis, operatiuli meTodebis da
teqnikuri dazvervis saSvalebebis Sesaxeb. hovardma daasaxela centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos mier ssrk-Si gadmobirebuli mniSvnelovani agentebis
vinaoba da maTi kavSiris saSvalebebi. aRniSnuli monacemebis gadacemis
Semdeg man Sveicariis bankis erT-erT angariSze 150 aTasi dolari dado.
hovardisgan miRebuli informaciis wyalobiT ssrk-s mier aRkveTil iqna
aSS-s dazvervis mier dagegmili ramdenime specoperacia. sabWoTa kavSiris
dazvervis yvelaze did warmatebad iTvleba adolf tolkaCovis dapatimreba.
tolkaCovi moskovis radio mSeneblobis wamyvani konstruqtori iyo.
tolkaCovma Tavad SesTavaza Tavisi momsaxureba centralur sadazvervo
saagentos. tolkaCovi moskovSi moRvawe aSS-s saelCos diplomatebs
manqanebSi gamudmebiT ugdebda werilebs. lengli Tvlida, rom aRniSnuli
qmedeba saxelmwifo uSiSroebis komitetis xrikebi iyo da didixani ar
gadiodnen kontaqtze. 1978 wlis seqtembris TveSi gadawyda tolkaCovTan
kavSiris damyareba, ramac didi Sedegi gamoiRo. dapatimrebamde tolkaCovma
amerikelebs
gadasca
ssrk-s
samxedro
sahaero
Zalebis
stels-is
teqnologiebis
kvlevis
Sedegebi
da
monacemebi,
agreTve
mravali
strategiuli mniSvnelobis mqone teqnikuri progresis Semcveli informacia.
tolkaCovis mier miwodebuli saidumlo informaciis sanacvlod mas
lenglim gadasca 789 500 rubli, xolo aSS-s bankis angariSze hqonda 1 990
729 aSS dolari.
1985 wlis 9 ivniss tolkaCovi daapatimres, ramdenime dReSi centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos moskovis rezidenturis operatiuli muSaki pol
strombauxi daakaves, strombauxi moskovSi aSS-s saelCos meore mdivnis
legendiT imyofeboda. is im dros daakevs, rodesac tolkaCovTan midioda
Sesaxvedrad, tolkaCovis rols strombauxTan Sexvedrisas saxelmwifo
uSiSroebis komitetis TanamSromeli asrulebda. strombauxi persona non
gratad gamoacxades, xolo tolkaCovis qmedebebs sasamarTlom sasjelis
umaRlesi zoma Seufarda.
erTmaneTTan
formaluri
urTierTobebi
1938
wlamde
ar
hqondaT
damyarebuli. periodulad biuro Tu pasuxobda interpolis moTxovnebze,
romlis ZiriTad mizans im damnaSaveTa Sesaxeb informaciis mopoveba
warmoadgenda, romlebic evropis samarTaldamcavi organoebisagan Tavs
afareben aSS-s kontinents.
federaluri gamoZiebis biurosa da interpolis urTierTobebSi dadebiTi
gardatexa moaxdina 1933 w. aSS-s uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier eqstradaciis
ZiriTadi principebis dawesebam. saerTaSoriso kanoni aRiarebs eqstradaciis
uflebas
mxolod
urTierTSeTanxmebis
SemTxvevaSi.
ucxo
qveynis
xelisuflebas SeuZlia, Tu es Seesabameba qveynis konstituciasa da qveynis
kanonebs, gadasces damnaSave im qveynis samarTaldamcav uwyebebs, romeli
qveynidanac is danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg gaiqca. kriminaluri samyaros
kavSirebis transatlantikur doneze gafarToebam federalur biuros
interpolTan TanamSromlobis aucilebloba daanaxa. 1936w. ianvarSi biurom
arsebobis manZilze pirvelad gamoaqveyna statia kidneperebis winaaRmdeg
brZolis Sesaxeb interpolis JurnalSi saxelwodebiT `saerTaSoriso
sazogadoebis usafrTxoeba. es gaxlavT operatiul-instruqciuli Jurnali,
romelic gankuTvnilia evropisa da ramdenime axlo aRmosavleTis qveynebis
policiis specialuri saerTaSoriso departamentisaTvis. 1936-1937 w.w
federalurma biurom interpolis yovelwliur generalur asambleaze
damkvirveblad sagangebod SerCeuli agentebi gaagzavna. delegatebi qveyanaSi
dadebiTi STabeWdilebebiT dabrundnen da organizaciis muSaobis Sesaxeb
metad pozitiuri Semajamebeli moxseneba gaakeTes. aRniSnul periodSi
saerTaSoriso
kriminaluri
policia
ukve
metad
seriozuli
profesionalebiT
dakompleqtebul
sistemas
warmoadgenda,
romlis
reputacia jer ar iyo Selaxuli germaniis nacional-socialisturi partiis
mier moxdenili zegavlenis gamo.
1938w. 10 ivniss aSS-s kongresma specialuri aqtiT daadgina, rom aSS-s
generaluri prokurori saerTaSoriso kriminaluri policiis komisiaSi
gawevrianebis Semdeg warmoadgenda aSS-s mxares da gamoxatavda qveynis
interesebs interpolSi. am aqtis erT-erT saidumlo punqts warmoadgenda
edgar guveris saerTaSoriso kriminaluri policiis komisiaSi specialur
warmomadgenlad daniSvnis oficialuri gadawyvetileba. yovelive amas
daemata metad mniSvnelovaniqvepunqti, romliTac federaluri gamoZiebis
biuro
aSS-s
erTaderTi
Zalovani
uwyeba
iqneboda,
romelic
iTanamSromlebda interpolis komisiasTan. am or organizacias Soris
TanamSromloba 1941w. bolomde grZeldeboda konkretulad, aSS-sa da
germanias Soris omis gamocxadebamde. interpoli am dros nacistebis sruli
kontrolis qveS aRmoCnda. organizaciis prezidentad dainiSna geidrixi,
romlis miTiTebiT interpolis Stab-bina berlinis gareubanSi (vanzeaSi)
gadavida. edgar guverma geidrixis qmedebis sapasuxod gasca gankarguleba,
rom biuros aRar gaegzavna operatiuli korespondenciebi interpolisaTvis,
radgan qveynebs Soris arsebuli daZabuli viTareba dRiTidRe radikalur
saxes iRebda. Seqmnili viTarebis gamo, uwyebebs Soris Sewyda urTierTobebi,
rac omis Semdgom periodSic ki xangrZlivi drois manZilze ar
ganaxlebula. Omis periodSi nacisturi mTavrobis mier modificirebuli
mdivnis
moadgiles
erovnuli
kvlevebis ganyofileba
tranziciis ganyofileba
inovaciebis ganyofileba
feTqebadi masalebis da ganaRmvis sakiTxebis ganyofileba
qimiuri da biologiuri ganyofileba
sasazRvro da sazRvao usafrTxoebis ganyofileba
sardlobis,
kontrolis
da
funqciuri
urTierTTavsebadobis
ganyofileba
adamianuri faqtorebis ganyofileba: aanalizebs socialur jgufebs da
Seiswavlian teroristuli organizaciebs da maT motivacias da qcevis
wesebs
infrastruqturisa da geofizikuri ganyofileba
prezidenti
vice-prezidenti
finansTa ministry
Tavdacvis ministry
iusticiis ministri
jandacvis ministry
transportis ministri
prezidentis
administraciis
xelmZRvanels,
vice-prezidents
da
prezidentis mrCevels erovnuli uSiSroebis sakiTxebSi ufleba aqvT
daeswrnon sabWos yvela sxdomas. saxelmwifo mdivans, soflis meurneobis
mdivans, Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs, energetikis, dasaqmebisa da vaWrobis
ministrebs, veteranTa saqmeebis mdivans, garemos dacvis saagentos
xelmZRvaneli, prezidentis TanaSemwe ekonomikuri politikis sakiTxebSi da
prezidentis TanaSemwe Sida politikur sakiTxebSi unda daeswron mxolod
maT kompetenciaSi Semavali sakiTxebis ganxilvisas. sabWos Tavjdomare da
uwyebis politikis ganmsazRvreli gaxlavT amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
prezidenti.
direqtori
kontrdazverviTi safrTxeebis Sefasebis gaerTianebuli sammarTvelo
kontrdazvervis gaerTianebuli analitikuri jgufi
samxedro kontrdazvervis informaciuli sistemis sammarTvelo
kontrdazvervis gaerTianebuli saswavlo akademia
samxedro kontrdazvervis operatiuli mxardaWeris jgufi
CIFA-s funqciebia:
-
kontrdazvervis
operatiuli
departamentis
programebi
mkacrad
gasaidumloebulia.
CIFA-s
saqmianobaze
warmodgena,
rom
Segveqmnas,
sakmarisia gavecnoT eqskluziur masalebs, romelic aSS-s qveiTi jarebis
dazvervis yofili analitikosis viliam arkinis gankargulebaSi aRmoCnda.
masalebis
mixedviT,
kontrdazvervis
qvedanayof
CIFA-s
yvela
samarTaldamcavi organoebis arqivebsa da dokumentebze miuwvdeba xeli,
metic, dazvervis samsaxurebis mier mopovebul informaciasac ki flobda.
arkini aRniSnavs, rom CIFA-s aseTi SesaZleblobebis Sedegad qvedanayofi
sammarTvelo,
mompovebeli
jgufi
dakompleqtebulia
geografiuli
dazverviT
TanamegobrobaSi
Semaval
telekomunikaciur sistemaTa qsels.
uwyebaTa
kompiuterul
da
teqnikis
ganyofileba
eleqtro-gamomTvleli
teqnikur
aseve
aSS-s
samxedro
sahaero
sakomunikacio kabelebze
informaciis damuSaveba.
mosasmeni
teqnikis
damontaJeba
da
miRebuli
kriptografiuli
heS-funqciebi
(teqstis
anabewdis
funqciebi)
warmoadgenen kriptografiuli algoriTmebis mniSvnelovan klass. isini
iReben sawyis mniSvnelobad teqsts da ukan abruneben fiqsirebuli sigrZis
heSs, romlis dakavSireba sawyis mniSvnelobasTan problemas warmoadgens.
aseT funqciebs calmxriv funqciebsac eZaxian. saukeTeso algoriTmebisaTvis
koliziebi (ori teqsti, romelTa heSi erTi da igivea) rTuli mosaZebni unda
iyos da amis albaToba minimumamde unda iyos dayvanili. heSirebis funqcia
emsaxureba imas rom ufro Cqara moxdes monacemis identificireba.
Setyobinebis
auTentifikaciis
kodebi
heS-funqciebis
msgavsia,
im
gansxvavebiT, rom heS-mniSvnelobis Sesamowmeblad gamoiyeneba saidumlo
gasaRebi.
simetriuli kriptografia iyenebs 1 gasaRebs SifraciisaTvis da
deSifraciisaTvis. am meTodis upirveles nakls gasaRebis marTvis
aucilebloba warmoadgens. qselSi yovel sxvadasxva wyvils uwevs iqonios
calke gasaRebi, rac wyvilTa raodenobis gazrdisas gasaRebebis raodenobis
kvadratuli proporciiT gazrdas iwvevs. or mokavSire mxares Soris
gasaRebis gacvla, maSin roca jer ar arsebobs daculi sakomunikacio arxi
(gasaRebis gacvla unda moxdes farulad, farulad gacvla iTxovs
daSifrvas, daSifrva Tavis mxriv Txoulobs gasaRebis gacvlas da Semdgom
amoqmedebas).
1976 wels uitfild difim da martin helmanma warmoadgines asimetriuli
kriptografia-kardinalurad gansxvavebuli koncefcia, romelSic gamoiyeneba
ori sxvadasxva, magram maTematikurad erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli gasaRebiRia da faruli gasaRebebi. amave dros faruli gasaRebis miReba Ria
gasaRebidan moiTxovs kolosalur gamoTvliT resursebs. asimetriul
kriptografiaSi Ria gasaRebi SeiZleba yvelasaTvis cnobili iyos, amave
dros faruli gasaRebi saidumlod unda darCes. tipiur SemTxvevaSi faruli
gasaRebi gamoiyeneba Sifraciis dros, xolo Ria gasaRebi deSifraciis
dros, difim da helmanma aseve warmoadgines difi-helmanis gasaRebis
gacvlis protokoli. 1978 wels kriptografebis jgufma ronald rivestis,
adi Samiris da len edlmanis SemadgenlobiT Seqmnes meore asimetriuli
kriptosistema RSA. difi-helmanis da RSA algoriTmebi dRes farTod aris
gavrcelebuli. arsebobs aseve ramdenime sxva kriptosistema, romelic Ria
gasaRebis konferencias iyenebs. Sifraciis garda asimetriuli kriptografia
cifruli xelmowerebisaTvisac gamoiyeneba. cifruli xelmowera Cveulebriv
xelmoweras imiT waagavs, rom misi mflobelisaTvis misi Seqmna da gankargva
martivia, xolo ucxo pirisaTvis misi dublireba SeuZlebeli.
cifruli xelmowerebi gamoiyeneba 2 algoriTmSi: 1) xelmowera, sadac
faruli gasaRebi gamoiyeneba teqstis an teqstis heSis SifraciisaTvis. 2)
Semowmeba, sadac Ria gasaRebis meSveobiT xdeba deSifracia, mowmdeba
teqstis heSi da amdenad teqstis mTlianoba da xelmoweris namdviloba. RSA
da
DSA warmoadgenen cifruli
xelmoweris
yvelaze gavrcelebul
algoriTmebs da farTod gamoiyeneba iseT protokolebSi, rogorebicaa:
SSL/TSL, VPN da sxva. Ria gasaRebis kriptosistemebi dafuZnebulia Zneli
damxmare direqtoratebia:
-
finansuri direqtorati
sakadro resursebis direqtorati
sainformacio samsxurebis direqtorati
Sida usafrTxoebisa da dadgenili operaciebis direqtorati
saswavlo-Teoriuli direqtorati
dazvervis
ofisis
direqtoris
uSualo
Tanabari
samsaxureobrivi
SesaZleblobebis
uzrunvelyofis
ganyofileba: iseve, rogorc aSS-s sxva uwyebebSi akontrolebs, rom
kontrdazvervis ganyofileba
Sida usafrTxoebis ganyofileba
kontraqtebis ganyofileba
istoriuli kvlevebis ganyofileba
politikuri ganyofileba
protokolis ganyofileba
saerTo komunikaciebis ganyofileba
kosmosSi gamSvebi proeqtebis ganyofileba
mmarTveli
samsaxurebis
da
specoperaciebis
ganyofileba:
pasuxismgebelia samxedro-kosmosuri dazvervis erovnuli ofisis
elementebis centralizirebuli saqmianobis koordinaciaze
saerTo operaciebis ganyofileba: pasuxismgebelia samxedro-kosmosuri
dazvervis operaciebis teqnikur uzrunvelyofaze: satelitebis gaSveba,
diagnostika da sainformacio teqnologiebze zedamxedveloba
operatiuli mxardaWeris ganyofileba: pasuxismgebelia ofisis mier
mopovebuli
sadazvervo
informaciis
momxmareblebTan
TanamSromlobaze
sardlobis
organizaciuli
struqtura
meTauri
meTauris moadgile
meTauris moadgile mobilizaciisa da rezervebis sakiTxebSi
Stabis ufrosi
meTauris mxardaWeris centri
specialuri operaciebis centri
sainformacio qselebisa da komunikaciebis centri
specialur
operaciaTa
sardlobas
aqvs
`erToblivi
specialuri
operaciebis
universiteti~,
romelic
gaxlavT
umaRlesi
saswavlo
centraluri dawesebuleba da aSS-s specoperaciebis sardlobis mTavari
komponenti. igi uzrunvelyofs sxvadasxva donis samxedro da samoqalaqo
specialistebis momzadebas, agreTve aRniSnul umaRles saswavlebelSi
specialuri programiT swavlebas gadian umaRlesi rangis oficrebi da
sardlebi. universiteti daarsda 2000 wels, amJamad ganlagebulia sahaero
qvedanayofi
alpieli msrolelebi Seiqmna 1830 wels. samTo divizia
aqtiur monawileobas iRebda meore msoflio omis dros, xolo 2001 wels
avRaneTSi ZiriTadad damrtymel Zalas warmoadgenda . am diviziis meomrebi
Tavisuflad
floben
alpinistur
da
saTxilamuro
saqmes,
aseve
gamoqvabulebSi brZolis meTodebs.
aSS-s sanapiros dacvis specialuri qvedanayofi/US Coast Guard Special
Operations Seiqmna 1915 wels da gamoiyeneboda samaSvelo operaciebis
Casatareblad,
sazRvao
portebis
dasacavad
da
kontrabandistebTan
sabrZolvelad. amave davalebis Sesasruleblad isini imyofebodnen yofil
iugoslaviaSi da omis dros sparseTis yureSi 1991 wels. maTi momzadebis
done saSualebas iZleva Caataron samaSvelo operaciebi mRelvare zRvaSi
mxolod akvalangebis daxmarebiT.
ladenis kurieri iyo vinme pirovneba saxelad maulavi abd al-haliki ian,
romelmac uaryo al-quveiTTan raime tipis kavSiri. Seih muhamedis da faraj
al-libis mier al-quveiTis mniSvnelobis dakninebis faqti centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos gamomZieblebs umZafrebda im eWvebs, rom al-quveiTi
bin-ladenis erTguli da daaxloebuli piri gaxldaT.
xangrZlivi operatiuli muSaobis miuxedavad centralurma sadazvervo
saagentom ver moiZia informacia pirovnebaze saxelad maulavi ianze da
mividnen daskvnamde, rom al-libim centraluri sadazvervo saagentos
gamoZiebis procesis xelis SeSlis mizniT gamoigona pirobiTi saxeli. 2010
wels erT-erTi eWvmitanilis saidumlo satelefono mosmenis Sedegad
dadginda, rom terorizmSi eWvmitanilTan mosaubre meore pirovneba alquveiTi iyo. Tavdapirvelad centralurma sadazvervo saagentom daadgina
al-quveiTis adgilmdebareoba, Semdeg al-quveiTis aqtiuri TvalTvalis
ganxorcielebis
Sedegad
aRmoaCines
bin
ladenis
konspiraciuli
TavSesafari. kosmosuri dazvervis saSualebebiT gadaRebulma fotoebma da
dazvervis angariSebma centralur sadazvervo saagentos saSualeba misca
daedgina abotabadSi mdebare saxlis macxovreblebis da vizitiT misuli
pirebis vinaoba, eseni iyvnen `al-qaidas~ qselis warmomadgenlebi. analizis
Sedegad saagentoSi ganacxades, rom yvela faqti miuTiTebda imaze, rom
viwro quCis boloSi ganlagebuli sam sarTuliani saxli specialurad iyo
aSenebuli mniSvnelovani piris gadasamalad. guglis dedamiwis eleqtronul
rukaze Cans, rom 2001 wels aRniSnul adgilze saxli ar idga, magram ukve
2005 wels gadaRebul fotoebze axali Senobaa aRmarTuli. saxli
ganlagebuli
iyo
abotabadis
centridan
4
kilometrSi.
abotabadi
mdebareobs avRaneTis sazRvridan daaxloebiT 160 kilometrSi, xolo
pakistanis
samxedro
akademiidan
1.5
kilometrSi.
bin-ladenis
mier
TavSesafrad gamoyenebuli saxli mezobeli saxlebisgan gansxvavebiT vrcel
miwis nakveTze iyo agebuli da betonis maRal galavanze sagangebod iyo
Semortymuli
ekliani
mavTulxlarTebi.
saxlSi
ar
iyo
internet,
stacionaruli telefonis kavSiri, xolo saxlSi mcxovrebni mezoblebisgan
gansxvavebiT nagavs bunkerSi ki ar yridnen, aramed ezoSi wvavdnen, rac
raTqmaunda did eWvebs badebda.
sadazvervo
informaciis
Segrovebas
da
saxlze
TvalTvals
anxorcielebda centraluri sadazvervo saagento, romelic umniSvnelovanes
rols
asrulebda
specoperaciis
msvlelobisas,
Tumca
erovnuli
usafrTxoebis saagentom, geosivrciTi dazvervis erovnulma saagentom,
erovnuli dazvervis direqtoris ofisma da Tavdacvis departamentma
TavianTi
mniSvnelovani
roli
iTamaSes
aRniSnul
specoperaciaSi.
centraluri sadazvervo saagento abotabadSi konspiraciuli binidan
ramdenime Tve uTvalTvalebda saxls. bin-ladenis sikvdilis Semdeg
konspiraciuli bina dauyonebliv iqna mitovebuli. geosivrciTi dazvervis
erovnulma saagentom efeqturi teqnikuri mxardaWera aRmouCina specialuri
operaciebis gaerTianebul sardlobas. saagentom Seqmna samizne saxlis
(TavSesafaris)
samganzomilebiani
vizualizacia,
Seafasa
misi
macxovreblebis raodenoba, maTi mdebareoba saxlSi da oTaxebis ganlageba,
es informacia metad mniSvnelovania kontrteroristuli specoperaciis
gegmis SemuSavebisas,
ixveweba.
rodesac
taqtikuri
moqmedebis
TiToeuli
detali
cecxli
moxda
mTliani
struqturis
reorganizacia.
2009
wels
aRniSnul
struqturaSi 14 ZiriTadi qvedanayofi Sevida: dazvervis warmoebis ori
jgufi da 7 brigada, informaciuli operaciebis sardloba, erovnuli
dazvervis centri, qveiTi jarebis operatiuli jgufi, samxedro dazvervis
razmi da saidumlo informaciis kontrolis centraluri punqti.
2009-2010 wlebSi aSS-s SeiaraRebulma Zalebma ganicades maStaburi
transformacia ris Semdegac qveiTi jarebis qvedanayofebi gadavidnen
modulis tipis ganlagebis principze. aRniSnulma cvlilebebma qveiTi
jarebis dazvervisa da uSiSroebis sardlobis winaSe axali prioritetebi
daisaxa. dazvervis da uSiSroebis brigadebi gaerTianebuli operatiuli
Stabis daqvemdebarebaSi gadavida. dazvervis da uSiSroebis sardlobis mier
gamoyofili
qvedanayofebi
ZiriTadad
ganaxorcielebdnen
taqtikuri
formirebebis operatiul, sadazvervo da radioeleqtronuli brZolis
sakiTxebSi mxardaWeras.
transformaciis Semdeg qveiTi
sardlobis SemadgenlobaSi Sevida:
Zalebis
dazvervisa
da
uSiSroebis
66-e
brigada,
aqtiurad
anxorcielebs
sadazvervo
aqciebs
da
uzrunvelyofs evropaSi ganlagebuli amerikis qveiTi jarebis operaciebis
operatiuli usafrTxoebis dacvas. brigadis Stabi ganlagebulia germaniaSi,
qalaq darmStadtSi.
470-e brigada sadazvervo informaciiT uzrunvelyofs qveiTi jarebis
yvela im qvedanayofs, romlebic samxreTi da centraluri amerikis zonis
sardlobis SemadgenlobaSia. brigadis Stabi ganlagebulia texasis StatSi.
me-300-e brigada aris lingvisturi mxardaWeris qvedanayofi, romelic
uzrunvelyofs
qveiTi
jarebis
SemadgenlobaSi
moqmedi
dazvervis
qvedanayofebis piradi Semadgenlobis ucxo enebSi momzadebas. brigadis
Stabi ganTavsebulia iutas StatSi.
me-500-e brigada sadazvervo informaciiT uzrunvelyofs wynari okeanis
zonis gaerTianebul koaliciur Zalebs. brigadis Stabi ganlagebulia
havaize.
501-e brigada strategiuli sadazvervo monacemebiT uzrunvelyofs
koreaSi moqmedi koaliciuri Zalebis qvedanayofebs. brigadis Stabi
ganlagebulia samxreT koreaSi.
513-e brigada anxorcielebs sadazvervo da operatiuli usafrTxoebis
uzrunvelmyof aqciebs, raTa xeli Seewyos aSS-s SeiaraRebuli Zalebis
gaerTianebuli
sardlobis
saomari
moqmedebebisas
warmoebul
specoperaciebs. brigadis Stabi ganlagebulia jorjiis StatSi.
704-e
brigada
atarebs
koordinirebul
radioteqnikur
dazvervas.
mopovebul strategiul monacemebs brigada gadascems sardlobas, raTa misi
SeiaraRebuli Zalebi aqtiuri mowinaaRmdegis Zalebze dawinaurebul
aSS-s
samxedro-sazRvao
Zalebis
dazvervam
gaSifra
iaponiis
diplomatiuri Sifri, romelic komunikaciis mizniT gamoiyeneboda iaponiis
flotSi, xolo ukve 1940 wels Seqmnes iaponuri daSifvris aparatis (Purple)
analogi, romliTac amerikelebi vaSingtonSi moqmedi iaponiis saelCos
mimoweras akontrolebda.
meore msoflio omis dros samxedro-sazRvao dazvervis struqturaSi
Seiqmna fotoebis gamSifravi samxedro-sazRvao centri, romelic did rols
TamaSobda flotis saomari operaciebis momzadebisa da dagegmarebis
procesSi.
meore msoflio omis Semdeg ganxorcielda samxedro-sazRvao dazvervis
reorganizacia,
amJamad
aRniSnuli
Tanamedrove
mravalprofiliani
sadazvervo organizacia informaciiT uzrunvelyofs flotis ministrs,
operaciebis ufross da teqnologiur biuros. samxedro-sazRvao dazvervis
samsaxuri amJamad organizaciulad operaciebis sammarTveloSi Sedis.
samxedro-sazRvao dazvervis direqtori Tavisi statusiT aris operaciebis
ufrosis TanaSemwe, aqvs flagmanis rangi da uSualod eqvemdebareba aSS-s
samxedro-sazRvao flotis departamentis Tavjdomares. departamentis
SemadgenlobaSi Sedis samxedro-sazRvao flotis uSiSroebis jgufi,
romelsac xelmZRvanelobs operaciebis ufrosi komunikaciebis sferoSi.
aRniSnuli jgufi mWidrod urTierTqmedebs samxedro-sazRvao dazvervis
samsaxurTan da asrulebs kriptografiuli samsaxuris funqciebs.
samxedro-sazRvao dazvervis samsaxurs aqvs susti mxarec, sistemaSi ar
funqcionirebs kontrdazvervis qvedanayofi. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi flotze
momxdari sisxlis samarTlis an sxva tipis danaSaulebriv faqtebs iZieben
dazvervis samsaxuris TanamSromlebi.
1993 wels ramdenime qvedanayofis Serwymis Sedegad Seiqmna samxedrosazRvao da sanapiro dazvervis erovnuli centri, romelic awarmoebs
dazvervis samsaxuris qvedanayofebis mier mopovebuli eleqtro, foto,
radio,
akustikuri informaciis analizs, axorcielebs kontrols
wyalqveSa navebis da samxedro da samoqalaqo gemebis gadaadgilebaze
realur masStabebsa da droSi wynar okeaneSi, atlantikis okeaneSi,
indoeTis okeaneSi, CrdiloeT yinulovan okeanesa da samxreTis okeaneSi.
samxedro-sazRvao dazvervis samsaxuris periferiuli organoebi Sedgeba
sami ZiriTadi komponentisgan. samxedro-sazRvao raionis dazverva aris
samsaxuris operatiuli kontrolis qveS da moqmedebs amerikis teritoriaze
da sazRvargareTis zogierT raionSi. raionis dazvervis ganyofileba
uSualod samxedro-sazRvao raionis sardals emorCileba. ganyofilebis
oficrebi ZiriTadad kontrdazvervis da uSiSroebis uzrunvelyofis kuTxiT
saqmianoben.
curvaSi
myofi
samxedro
gemebis
SenaerTis
dazvervis
qvedanayofi emorCileba SenaerTis meTaurs. flotis mTavarsardals
ucxoeTSi dislocirebuli samxedro-sazRvao bazebis, gemebis operatiuli
SenaerTebis da daxuruli samxedro raionebis kontrolisTvis iyenebs
StabSi arsebul dazvervis seqtors, romelic awarmoebs taqtikur da
romlis interesebidan
warmoebis ufleba.
gamomdinare mas
misces
dazvervisa
da
analizis
MI-5 centraluri
Seicavs
sxvadasxva
qvedanayofs.
mebrZoli
operatiuli sammarTvelo
samxedro
dazvervis
ufrosis
meore
moadgile
pasuxismgebelia
specializirebuli tipis dazvervis, kartografiuli uzrunvelyofis da
SeiaraRebuli
ZalebisTvis
dazvervis
da
usafrTxoebis
kadrebis
momzadebaze. mis kompetenciaSi Sedis samxedro dazvervis ori ZiriTadi
teritoriuli qvedanayofis marTva: monacemebis Semgrovebeli jgufi da
samxedro dazvervis da usafrTxoebis centri.
monacemebis Semgrovebel jgufSi Sedis:
samxedro-geografiuli centri
dazvervis
samsaxurebi
informacias
exmarebodnen
gambiis
sazRvris
da misi
specsamsaxurebis anbani
tovebs.
agenturul-operatiuli saqme dazvervisa da kontrdazvervis saqmianoba
agentebisa da operatiul-teqnikuri
saSualebebis gamoyenebiT dasaxuli miznis
misaRwevad.
altre britaneTis gamSifravi samsaxuris mier warmoebuli operaciis
pirobiTi saxelwodebaa, romlis farglebSic eleqtrogamomTvleli manqanebis saSualebiT gaSifres germanelebis kodi
enigma ris Semdegac Tavisuflad kiTxulobdnen nacisturi
germaniis Setyobinebebs.
aiaqsi britaneTis dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuris da centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos mier iranSi antidasavluri poziciis mqone
mosadikis mTavrobis winaaRmdeg warmoebuli operaciis koduri
saxelwodeba.
venona aSS-is nacionaluri usafrTxoebis saagentoSi britaneTis
dazvervis specialistebis monawileobiT warmoebuli operaciis
koduri saxelwodeba, romelic sabWoTa kavSiris mier 40-ian
wlebSi gamoyenebuli aqtiuri Sifrebis gaxsns isaxavda miznad.
mTavari agenti agenturuli jgufis xelmZRvaneli, mudmiv kavSirSia Tavis
xelmZRvanelTan, dazvervis TanamSromelTan.
jon edgar guveri aSS-is gamoZiebis federaluri biuros direqtori 19241972 w.w. amerikis gavleniani saxelmwifo moRvawe,
romelic warmatebulad umklavdeboda aSS-is
prezidentebis mcdelobas moexsnaT igi aRniSnuli
Tanamdebobidan.
alen dalesi centraluri sadazvervo saagentos direqtori 1953-1961 w.w.
direqtoris postidan gadadga aSS-s dazvervis mier
momzadebuli da kubaze Rorebis yureSi Catarebuli
mizniT.
salamandra britaneTis dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuris specialuri
aqciis koduri saxelwodeba, romelic miznad isaxavda
egviptis lideris naseris gauvnebelyofas.
tomlinsonis sia britaneTis dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuris
wyaroebi da literatura
1. daviT kuxalaSvili, centraluri sadazvervo sammarTvelo amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebis samsaxurSi, Tbilisi, 2010.
2. Tengiz endelaZe, sagareo dazvervis samsaxurebi, Tbilisi, 2007.
3. beso aladaSvili, specsamsaxurebi da SpionaJi, Tbilisi, 2005.
4. beso aladaSvili, SpionaJis saidumlo, Tbilisi, 2007.
5. Tornike SurRulaia, amerikis roli saqarTvelos sagareo politikur
sivrceSi, Tbilisi, 2010.
6. Tornike SurRulaia, `dazvervis centraluri sammarTvelos
roli
aSS-is sagareo politikaSi~ - Jurnali `saistorio
vertikalebi,
2008, #14.
7. Tornike SurRulaia, aSS-is gamoZiebis federaluri biuro da sisxlis
samarTlis policiis saerTaSoriso organizacia interpoli (daarseba,
TanamSromloba, ZiriTadi prioritetebi), perioduli samecniero
Jurnali inteleqti, 3 (23) 2005.
8. Tornike SurRulaia aSS-is nacionaluri usafrTxoebis saagento
(Savi oTaxi), iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa da eTnologiis
institutis krebuli - axali da uaxlesi istoriis sakiTxebi, 1 (7) 2010.
9. Tornike SurRulaia Zalis diplomatia amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
sagareo politikis arsenalSi, iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa
da eTnologiis institutis krebuli - axali da uaxlesi istoriis
sakiTxebi, 1 (9) 2011.
10. Tornike SurRulaia didi britaneTis specsamsaxurebi (MI5-MI6),
iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa da eTnologiis institutis
krebuli - axali da uaxlesi istoriis sakiTxebi, 2 (8) 2010.
11. ODNI Announces Senior Leadership Positions, ODNI News Release No. 5-05". 2005-1031.
12. Negroponte, John (2005-11-09). "Office of the Director of National Intelligence,
Intelligence Community Policy Memorandum, 2005-2001.
13. Negroponte, John (2006-05-08). "Office of the Director of National Intelligence,
Intelligence Community Policy Memorandum, 2006-200-2".
14. "DNI Releases Budget Figure for 2010 National Intelligence Program". Office of the
Director of National Intelligence. 2010-10-28.
15. "DNI Releases Budget Figure for 2009 National Intelligence Program" (PDF).
2012-01-04.
16. "DNI Releases Budget Figure for 2008 National Intelligence Program" (PDF).
2012-01-04.
17. "DNI Releases Budget Figure for 2007 National Intelligence Program" (PDF).
201201-04.
18. Hacket, John F. (2010-10-28). "FY2006 National Intelligence Program Budget, 10-28-10".
Office of the Director of National Intelligence.
19. Rosenbach, Eric, and Aki J. Peritz (12 June 2009). "Confrontation or Collaboration?
Congress and the Intelligence Community". Harvard Kennedy School. Retrieved 21 July
2009.
20. The USA PATRIOT Act: A Legal Analysis; CRS Report for Congress, April 15, 2002.
21. Priest Dana (2011). Top Secret America: The Rise of the New American Security State.
53. Rosen, James Bin Laden Killing: How the White House, Pentagon and CIA Botched the
Storyline. Fox News (April 7, 2010).
54. Dilanian, Ken. CIA led U.S. special forces mission against Osama bin Laden, Los Angeles
Times (2 May 2011).
55. Obama Calls World 'Safer' After Pakistan Raid, The New York Times (May 2, 2011).
56. Secretive map agency opens its doors", CNN.com, 13 December 2002.
57. "The National Security Agency Insignia". National Security Agency, July 4, 2008.
58. Echelon: Big brother without a cause". BBC News. July 6, 2000. Retrieved July 4, 2008.
59. Bamford, James, "The Agency That Could Be Big Brother", (December 25, 2005); The
New York Times, September 11, 2005.
60. David Kahn, The Codebreakers, Scribner Press, 1967, chapter 19, pp. 672733.
61. Burns Thomas L. "The Origins of the National Security Agency 19401952 (U)". National
Security Agency, August 11, 2010.
62. Dr. Bruce Berkowitz (2011-09). "The National Reconnaissance Office At 50 Years: A Brief
History". Center for the Study of National Reconnaissance, 2011-10-24.
63. Bamford, James (1985). "America's Supersecret Eyes In Space". The New York Times (New
York: The New York Times). January 13, 1985.
64. Stares, Paul B.. "The Militarization of Space". p. p23,46. 2008-11-24.
65. Jeffrey Richelson, America's Secret Eyes in Space. Harper & Row, (1990).
66. (Chief, Special Security Center)-(1974-01-07). "History of NRO security breaches". National
Reconnaissance Office, 2010-12-22.
67. "U.S. Reconnaissance Satellites: Domestic Targets - Documents Describe Use of Satellites in
Support of Civil Agencies and Longstanding Controversy". National Security Archive, The
George Washington University. 2008-04-11.
68. Denniston, Alastair G. "The Government Code and Cypher School Between the Wars".
Intelligence and National Security, (1986).
69. Sustaining U.S. Global leadership: Priorities for 21 century Defense; Department of Defense,
January, 2012.
70. Morton H. Halperin, "A legal analysis of the NSA warrantless surveillance program", January
5, 2006.
71. National Security Agency/Central Security Service, Transition 2001, December 2000.
72. THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, President George W. Bush
June
2002.
73. Ibrahim A. Al-Kadi, "The Origins of Cryptology: the Arab Contributions," Cryptologia,
Vol. 16, no. 2 (April 1992), pp. 97-126.
74. James Gannon, Stealing Secrets, Telling Lies: How Spies and Codebreakers Helped Shape
the Twentieth Century, Washington, D.C., Brassey's, 2001, ISBN 1-57488-367-4.
75. Christof Paar, Jan Pelzl, Understanding Cryptography, A Textbook for Students and
Practitioners. Springer, 2009.
76. Delta: America's Elite Counterterrorist Force. By Terry Griswold, D. M. Giangreco. Zenith
Imprint, 2005.
77. Smith Michael (2007). Killer Elite: The Inside Story of America's Most Secret Special
Operations Team. New York, New York: St. Martin's Press.
78. Gellman Barton (23 January 2005). "Secret Unit Expands Rumsfeld's Domain". Washington
Post.
79. Schmitt Eric, "In Secret Unit's 'Black Room,' a Grim Portrait of U.S. Abuse". New York
Times, (19 March 2006).
80. Shanker Thom, "A Nation Challenged: Battlefield; Conduct of War Is Redefined By Success
of Special Forces". New York Times, (21 January 2002)
81. Eric L. Haney, Inside Delta Force: The Story of America's Elite Counterterrorist Unit,
Delacorte Press, 2002.
82. Smith, Michael, Killer Elite. St. Martin's Press, (6 March 2007).
83. U.S. Department of Justice, Legal authorities supporting the activities of the National
Security Agency Described by the President; Washington, D.C. 20530, January 19, 2006.
84. U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation; Violent Criminal Apprehension
Program National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime; FBI Academy Quantico,2009.04.
85. The Criminal Profiling Illusion: What's Behind the Smoke and Mirrors? Brent Snook,
Richard M. Cullen, Craig Bennell, Paul J. Taylor and Paul Gendreau; Criminal Justice and
Behavior 2008; 35; 1257. Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of:
International Association for Correctional and Forensic Psychology.
86. Criminal Profiling: An Introduction to Behavioral Evidence Analysis; Brent E. Turvey; Third
Edition, 2008.
87. The FBI: A Comprehensive Reference Guide, Athan G. Theoharis, USA 1999.
88. Delta: America's Elite Counterterrorist Force, Terry Griswold and D.M. Giangreco, USA
2005.
89. Cooper, Helene. Obama Announces Killing of Osama bin Laden , The New York Times
(May 1, 2011).
90. Philip Sherwell. Osama bin Laden killed: Behind the scenes of the deadly raid, (May 7,
2011).
91. C. Christine Fair The bin Laden aftermath: The U.S. shouldn't hold Pakistan's military against
Pakistan's civilians . Foreign Policy (May 4, 2011).
92. Osama Bin Laden, al-Qaeda leader, dead Barack Obama, BBC News (May 2, 2011).
93. Maggie Michael. Al-Qaida Vows Revenge for Osama Bin Laden's Death, ABC News (May
6, 2011).
94. Tracking use of bin Laden's satellite phone, The Wall Street Journal (May 28, 2008).
95. Tip to bin Laden may have come from Guantnamo, The Miami Herald (May 2, 2011).
96. Brian Ross Osama Bin Laden: Navy SEALS Operation Details of Raid That Killed 9/11 Al
Qaeda Leader . ABC News (May 2, 2011).
97. How U.S. forces killed Osama bin Laden, CNN (May 3, 2011).
98. Bin Ladens body buried at sea The Guardian Monday 2 May 2011
99. Naylor Sean, "SEALs in bin Laden raid drawn from Red Squadron", Military Times,
May.5.2011.
100. Owen Bowcott. Osama bin Laden: US responds to questions about killing's legality, The
Guardian (May 3, 2011).
101. Ariane de Vogue. Was Killing of Osama bin Laden Legal Under International Law?
ABC News (May 6, 2011).
102. AP sources: DNA testing confirms bin Laden death , Forbes (May 2, 2011).
103. Searcey, Dionne. Killing Was Legal Under U.S. and International Law, Many Experts
135. . , . 2008.
136. ;
. . 1987.
137. .. ; .. ; 2002.
138. ; ; 2004.
139. www.Federalnewsradio.com; Radio interview that highlights Intelligence Community
social software training programs, Federal News Radio, 5 November 2007.
140. www. geurasia.org amerikuli usafrTxoeba: realoba Tu iluzia,
27.04.2010.
141. www.radiotavisupleba.ge, FBI-is direqtori Tbiliss stumrobda,
rexviaSvili j. 07.05.2010.
142. Encyclopedia of Cold war Espionage, Spies and Secret operations, Richard C.S. Trahair and
Robert L. Miller, 2012 edition.
143. www.gpoaccess.gov
144. www.cia.gov
145. http://www.dni.gov/
146. http://www.gis.gov.ge/
147. www.defense.gov
148. www.fbi.gov
149. www.nga.mil
150. www. dhs.gov
151. www.socom.mil
152. www.gchq.gov.uk
153. www.sis.gov.uk
154. www.mi5.gov.uk
155. www.eliteukforces.info/special-air-service/