.

02 9962692

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4. !$% &%'(
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5.1 5.2 '* !+
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6. 0 $ % ) 1 !! !
7. ' ' +
7.1 4
7.2 !5 ! ,6
7.3 0 * + ,!&% &
8. &- 5'7 , %57& 5&
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: 96 0 $ % )
10. % )!
11.
) & 65 !+
11.1 0 $ % ) 1 !! !
11.2 4

2
5
9
11
13
18
19
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1 !! !

22
25
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61
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75
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. 02 9962692

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% "

! "# !$%&' (
( - 0('12 !$% *!+ ( -/%'12 !$%

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1.

3 6$7 3 68 3 .-0 3 $

01 ( 0('12
&01 %

) *!+ %,('! "# !$% -*!

/- 2 *..

-- + & 65
1%

3 '39 3 6%6 :

A, B, C, *

,('

*!+

3 '39 3 6%6 !?

a, b, c, *

-1 &01 % $ 3 !
*!+

,(' % 15$!D

0 0(

,(' % 1 !?.4C {
, 3( +

% * !+ 3

% % % 1 5+ 5$- *

%05

}
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4E

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. 02 9962692

2.

---! +;7! < !+ & 65

3 *4 &01 * % &'
(', /&- 1 ,(' % 1 *
E 4E

*!+ &01 ( 0( 4E ,(' /& 0(1 3. 3 *4 -1 3( +

-1 0(

&' 3 01 0( 4E 30K

&01 *...' ,(' /&/- 4E E =

{4, 5, 6, 7}

&01 *...' ,(' /&/- 4E F =

{3, 3}

&01 *...' ,(' /&/- 4E G =

%,('

#( )

5 &01

% " &01 .' ,(' /&/-*

'/4 0F*..*5*5 %

1.

&' 5

?%. 0(% 1 * '1 6

2.

&' 5

3.

&' 5

2. 0( '1 20

4.

&' 5

?% 0( '- !' 3. % x + 3 = x

5.

&' 07

/ 1

6.

&' 5

R6 + 3F * 1 "# 10

0( '- !' 3. % x 2 4 x 21 = 0

7.

{xx 4E 613: +

8.

{xx 4E 5

9}

?%. *!+ 4E 6 $ 2 &' 3}

3 ?/-

3 *4 *!+

. 02 9962692
5 &01

4
'/4 0F*...' ,(' /&&' %

1.

{2, 5}

2.

{1, 3, 5, 7, }

3.

{a, b, c}

4.

{1, 2, 3, , 99, 100}

5.

{%

6.

{3, 6, 9, }

7.

{11, 13, 15, , 99}

8.

{3, 5, 7}

%, $%D 63 7, %0

%, , 73

%}

. 02 9962692
2.

! "#
* - 1 3:!39
"
"

5
8

'

. 0(1 3. % 0('12D 1

4E % &' A ,' '12 A

/% 4E % &' A ,' /%'12 A
A
=
2A
{2} A
5A
7A

5+6.

A 4E

4E % &'

&01 * - 1 5 A
&01 * - 1 8 A

{2, 3, {2}, {1, 2}, 5}

3A
{1, 2} A
6A
{3} A

0(%0 % 5 3 &01 * - 1 n(A) = 5

"

{4, 5, 6, 7}

5+/- n(A)

"

{1, {3}}

5+/- n(B)

"

{}

5+/- n(C)

"

{{2, 3, 4}} 5+/- n(D)

,' '12

&01

. 02 9962692

1.

3 5 &01 * - 4E %
A = {1, 2, 3}

3.

5.

6
&'

0(
2.

- 6 '% 3F .'5
B = {2, 3, 4}

C = {1, {2}, 3, 4}

4.

D = {1, {1}, {1, 2}, 3}

E = {1, {1, 2}, {1}, {2}, 3, 4}

6.

F = {3, 4, {2, {3}}, 6, 8}

. 02 9962692
7.

G = {234}

9.

I = {xx 4E 5

7
8.

?%. 0('12 +

H = {yNy 4E 5

11 *!+ 15}

' !-,) & 9 : + ;!, !-'7>4 !+'7 8

1. - A = {0, 1, {0, 1}} &' -"2 '
. {0} A
&. {0, 1} A
. {{0, 1}} A
.
2.

{0, {1}} A

A = {x2x = y, y I + } &01 *..*5*5 % /--3 &' . {2, 4, 6, 8, }

1 3
&. { , 1, , }
2 2
. {1, 2, 3, 4, }
.

1 3 5
{ , , , }
2 2 2

0( '1 3}

. 02 9962692
3.

&' -"2 '

. {xx I + *!+ x 2 1 = 0} &01 *..*5*5 % /- 4E {1, 1}
&. {2, 4, 6, 8} &01 *...' ,(' /&/- 4E {xx 4E 5

2 0( '1 10}

. A = {2} &01 A *...' ,(' /&/- 4E {xxI 0( '- !' 3. % 2 x 2 + 3x 2 = 0}

.

4.

{1, 2, 3, 4, } &01 *...' ,(' /&/- 4E

- A = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} %,(' &01

&' -/%
A

?%

A *...' ,(' /&&' %

. {xxI *!+ 3 x 9}
&. {xx I + *!+ 2 < x < 10}
. {xx = n + 1 %,(' nI *!+ 2 n 7}
.

&' 5

{xx = n 3 %,(' n I + *!+ 6 n 12}

*!

. 02 9962692
3.

(0 % ".'/-* '
0(* ' /%/- 01
' 3

%05

- 01

5 3-

0(.'5

{a, e, i, o, u}

4E

%05

{1, 2, 3, 4, }

4E

%05

{xx 4E 5

4E

%05

5 *!+ 1 < x < 5} 4E

%05

?%. 0(%0 % 3 * '1 4}

=
D

{xx 4E 5

{xx 4E 5

?% *!+ x 2 = 9}

4E

%05

{xx 4E 5

?% *!+ x 2 = 5}

4E

%05

5 +.$

0(

- 4E

5 3- ,'

' 3

1.

A = {1, 2, 3, 4, , 100}

2.

B = {xIx 4E 5

3.

C = {xI x 2 2 x 3 = 0}

4.

D = {1, 2, 3, 4, }

5.

E = {xx 4E 5

6.

I = {xN0 < x 5}

7.

J = {x0 < x 5}

8.

R = {xx

?%}

3. 0( '1 1}

&' 3 4 +'.&' 224}

. 02 9962692

10

' !-,) & 9 : + ;!, !-'7>4 !+'7 8

1. &' - 4E 5 3. {xx 4E 5$-.

1 1 F}

&. {xxI *!+ x 2 = 2}

. {x1 x 0}
.

2.

{xx = 3n *!+ 1 n 5}

&' -/% 4E

' 3

. {xxR ; x 2 = 2n, n I + }
&. {x x 2 + 1 = 0; xR}
. {x x 2 + 1 0; xI}
.

3.

{xxI, n I + ; x = 2n}

&' -"2 '

. {x I + x 2 > 0} 4E
&. {xI x 2 0} 4E
. {xRx < x 1} 4E
.

{x8 < x < 15} 4E

5 35 3' 3
5 3-

. 02 9962692
4. !$% &%'(

11

)* +

4.1
,'

0( -&'. & &' ( 0( 5+ #9 U 4E :

3 !39 * 'D6 3%63 7 ,('
U 4E
(0 : 0( $- 6 + $ ) ( (0 ' #9 5+'12 U 3F F
" - U 4E &' 5
?% * - 5
(0 5+! "#
,' %
5
?% 3F
&' 5

",'
' 4E

0( 1% 4E 'D6 3%63 7 3( ) /4 /-*

=

{, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, }

&' 5

?% (Integer Number)

,' I

I+

&' 5

?%.

,' I + =

{1, 2, 3, 4, }

&' 5

?%!.

,' I =

{1, 2, 3, 4, }

&' 5

3. (Natural Number)

,' N =

{1, 2, 3, 4, }

&' 5

5 (Real Number)

R+

&' 5

5 .

&' 5

5 !.

&' 5

R6 +. (Prime Number)

&' 5

&' 5

,' P

{2, 3, 5, 7, 11, }

1+
'

1+

3 /&' 'D6 %3 63 7 0( 4E
/% % " &01 *..*5*5 % /" %0 ! "# &' 5
-1/%
5
5

&' 5

- 'D6 3%63 7

,'5

1+

,'5

'

1+

",'

'D6 3%63 7 0(

,'

&'

4.2
*

,'
(%0 05
5+ ? /-

% 4E 2 1 ,'! /- /%%0 % &01 * - 1 3:!39

4E 5 3-

,' { }

. 02 9962692

12

" A=

&' 5

A=

3. 0( '1 1
(

6 + 1 4E 5

5 *!+ x 2 = 5}

{xx 4E 5

" B=

B =

6 +/%%05

{xx 4E 5

" C=

C =

3. 0( '1 0( $-)

5 - 0(1 !3 ' *! /- 5 )

?% *!+ x < x}
(

6 +/%%05

?% - 0(%0

'1

3 %3 ' )

' !-,) & 9 : + ;!, !-'7>4 !+'7 8

1.
&' - 4E
. {x x 2 + 5 = 0}
&. {x x 2 > 0 }
. {x x 2 ( x 1) 2 0}
. {x x > 3}
2.

- R*

&' 5

5 *!+ I *

. {xI 3x 2 4 x = 0} 4E

?% &' -"2 '

&. {xI x 2 4 0} 4E
. {xRx x 2 } 4E
.
3.

5 3' 3

{xR x 2 + 1 = 0} 4E

' 3

&' -/%"2 '

. {} /% 4E
&. {xx 4E 5
.
.

4E
" A 4E

?%. *!+ x + 2 = 2} 4E
5 3' 3

*! A 4E

0( 3./%/-

3F

. 02 9962692
5. ,) & &% (

13

)* +

5.1
A 4E 3. &' B ? ' %,(' % $) 3 &'
*!+A /% 4E 3. &' B &01 * - 1 A B
"

{1, 2, 3}

{1, 2, 3, 4}

A 4E % &'

B &01 * - 1 A B

5+ ?
% $ 3 (0'12 A ? 4E % B -3 F3 A B
* % . 3 B ', 4 /% 4E % A
-3 3F B A
"

{4, 5, 6}

{4, 6, 5}

% $ 3 0('12 C ? 4E % ('0 12 D -3 F3 C D
% $ 3 ('0 12 D ? 4E % ('0 12 C -3 3F D C
-3 3F
$4/- C D *!+ D C
0( A B * B A 01 A
'1 5
% &' B

0( C D *!+ D C ! /- C /% 4E 3.
"

3.

4E -

0( 4E /4/- 3F %-&'

=
A ,'

{1, 2, 3}

'&' B 3( % 1

% 5

* &' D *!+ D /% 4E 3.

% &' A 5+%0

* &' C - 1

. 02 9962692

1.

2.

14

4E 3.
4E 3.

&' $)

3. 5

3.

&'

4. 5

3.

* &'

&'

A /-*

B = {1, {2}, 2, 3}
% &' B /-*
0( 4E 3.

&'

-) *! A

A /-5 _____ %,(' n 4E 5

% &' A /-*
0( 4E 3.

3( ,' " A 4E

A /-5 _____ %,(' n 4E 5

A = {2, 3, 4}

65

-) *! A A

&' 3 %3 ' 3( ,' " A 4E

B /-*

% A
% A

. 02 9962692

15

1.

5 5 &01 3.
A = {3, 5, 6, 7}

3F %-&'

A 6 '% F3 +.$5
3. *!+5
2. A = {2, {3}, 5}

3.

A = {1}

4.

A = {2, 0, 2}

5.

A=

6.

A = {}

7.

A = {, {}}

3.

* 0( 4E /4/-

. 02 9962692

16

' !-,) & 9 : I. +9 *

1. - A = {1, 3, 5, 6}

!,) &'7>4

9 *

!,) &'705

1.1 3 A

1.2 6 A

1.3 {5} A

1.4 {3, 5} A

1.5 {1, 6} A

1.6 A

1.7 {1, 3, 5, 6} A

1.8 {1, 3, 5, 6} A

2.
2.1

{1, {2}} {1, {2, 4}}

2.2

2 {1, {2, 4}}

2.3

{2} {1, {2, 4}}

2.4

{1} {1, {2, 4}}

2.5

{2, 4} {1, {2, 4}}

2.6

{2, 4} {1, {2, 4}}

2.7

{3} {3, 6, 7}

2.8

2.9

{}

2.10 {}

2.11 {} {}

2.12 {} {}

2.13 = {}

2.14 {} {, {}}

2.15 {} {, {}}

2.16 {{}} {{{}}, {}}

2.17 {} {{{}}, {}}

A = {4, 3, 2, , 5} *!+ B = {3, , 2, 3, 4} 5+/- B A

2.18

2.19

- C = {2, , 2, 3, 4} *!+ D = {3, 2, 1, , 3} 5+/- D C

. 02 9962692

17

II. + ;!, !-'7>4 !+'7 8

1. - A = {1, m, {n}} &' -"2 '
. {n} A
. A
2.

3.

" - A = {1, , {}, {1, }}

. {1, {1}}
. {{}, {1}}

&. {n} A
. mA
- 4E .3 * &' A
&. {, {1}}
. {{}}

A = {, 1, {1}, 2, 3, {1, 2}, {}, {{}}} 5 65

&'

% '/4 0F

(1) A
(2) {1, 2} A
(3) {1, 2} A
(4) {} A
(5) {{}} A
(6) {2, 3} A
&' -"2 '
. "2 R6 +&' 1. 3.&' 5.
. "2 R6 +&' 3, 5 *!+&' 6.
4.

&. "2 R6 +&' 1, 2 *!+ 4

. k- R6 +&' 6. ' 3F "2 %-

&' -"2 '

. {2} {0, {2}, 1}

&. {x I + x 2 + 2 x 3 = 0} = {3, 1}
. {yy = 2 x 2 , xI *!+ 1 x 0} = {1, 0}
. {xR x 2 + x + 1 = 0} =

. 02 9962692

18

5.2 ! "
A 5+ 3. B ? ' %,(' A *!+ B %05
% 3 *!+ %,' 3
-3 3F " A = B 5+%0 % % 1 %,' 3. A B *!+ B A 3( '
A
=
{3, 5, 7}
*!+ B
=
{xx 4E 5
5 #( (x 3)(x 5)(x 7) = 0}
5+/B
=
{3, 5, 7}
-3 3F
A = B
C
=
{1, 2, 5, 9}
D
=
{1, 2, 5, 2, 9}
5+/D
=
{1, 2, 5, 9}
-3 3F
C = D
' !-,) & 9 : + ;!, !-'7>4 !+'7 8
A = {1, 3, 5}
1.
B = {x x 2 4 x + 3 = 0}
C = {xx ,'5

* %&' &' !2 l

D = {xx ,'5

3 0(/- %,(' 1

&' -"2
. A = B
. C=D
2.

- 1 2 /%! 3 }

#( !2 0(
01: 3

01:}

&. B = C
. A=C

A = {x I + x 2 = 1}
B = { x I x 2 = 1}
C = {xI x 2 1 = 0}
D = {xR x 2 1 = 0}

&' % '/4 0F 4E 5 0(&' 1) A = B

. 3 &'
. 1 &'

2) C = D
&. 2 &'
. /%%0&' 4E 5

3) A = B = C = D

. 02 9962692
3.

19

" A, B, C 4E
- ) *! &' -/% 4E 5
. A A
. A *! A =

&. A
. " A B *!+ C B *! A = C

- aA, bB, A C, B C *!+ C A &' $4 - 4E

. A = C
&. bC
. aC
. aB

4.

"
" A *!+ B 4E 5 301. 3. B
A
=
B
=
5+ ? 5
% &' F3

?5

5.3 !

$4
1.
$)

3.

$)

3.5

{3, 6, 7}
{1, 5, 8}
A *!+ B 3. 3 3F 2 ! /-

4E 3.

&' $)

3( ,' A %,(' A 4E

-)

&' 3 %3 ' 3( ,' A A %,(' A 4E

-)

4. A = B ? ' %,(' A B *!+ B A

5. " A = B *! 5+/- A *!+ B 4E
6. " A *!+ B 4E

-)

&' 'D6 3%63 7 3( ,' A U %,(' A 4E

? 4E 3.

0( 01. 3

0( 01. 3 A /%5 4E '

3. B

B ! /-

A 01. 3.

% 3%63 7 +
4E 3.

2.

. 02 9962692
6. 0 $ % )

1 !! !

4E *k D 6 0( &01 *
!%*
-) &01 D 1
U
A
B
5+ &01 * /-- 1*k

1.

3.

20

-1 244m- -) -1 3( /45+
24 0( !0(1%k, k
=
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
=
{1, 2, 3}
=
{2, 3, 5}
D6
/- 4E

6 5 &01 *k D 6 6,('*
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
A = {2, 4, 5}

U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
A = {3, 4, 7}
B = {1, 3, 5, 7}

24 0( !0(1%k, k *

'/4 0F
2.

A = {3, 4, 5}
B = {4, 5, 6}

4.

U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
A = {1, 2, 5}
B = {2, 3, 4}
C = {1, 6, 7}

'D6 3%63 7 *!+

. 02 9962692
5.

A = {2, 3, 4, 5, 9}
B = {4, 5, 6, 7}
C = {4, 5, 7, 8, 9}

21
6.

A = {1, 2, 3}
B = {1, 2, 3, 4}

' !-,) & 9 : + ;!, !-'7>4 !+'7 8

1. 5 65 &' % '/4 0F
(1) A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}, B = {xx 4E 5
(2) " A B * B C *! A C
&' -"2 '
. (1)

3F "2 '

&. (2)

3F "2 '

. (1) *!+ (2) "2 3F ' &'

.
2.

(1) *!+ (2) k- 3F ' &'

" A B &' -"2 '

. " aA *! aB
&. " aB *! aA
. %0 aB -1 0( aA
.

%0 aA -1 0( aB

2 0( '1 12} -3 3F A = B

. 02 9962692

22

7. ' ' +
+

,' '

! 1)

% + 3 6,(' - 4E

%&#F % #( 5+%0'12 3 70

',
7.1

% " " (Union)

" A *!+ B 4E
2 A 4
B % 1"#
B ,' 3F &' A *!+ B ?/- &01 * - 1 AB
A

0(4 +'.- 1 % 0( 4E % &' A ,'&'

A = {1, 3, 5} , B = {2,
{ 4, 6}
5+/-

AB

{ 4, 7}
A = {2, 3, 5} , B = {3,
5+/.

AB
0(*

*k D 6

, -.

n ''1 !' * - AB

% " " /-*

1. AA = A
2. AB = BA
3. A (BC) = (AB) C
4. A =

; AU =

24*..

) -3 D 6

. 02 9962692

23

5. A B ? ' %,(' AB = B
6. A AB *!+ B AB
7. " B A *!+ C A 5+/- BC A
8. " A B *!+ A C 5+/- A BC
%.3 &' 0( 5 * - 0(1 &' 3 +
.3 3.12 01 ,' " 5 1 - A B %
% " $4/- AB = B
' -01 3 " 5 1 - AB = B * - A B

1.

7 5 AB %,(' A = {1, 2} *!+ B = {4, 5, 7}

2.

A = {m, n, p, q } *!+ B = {n, q, r, s, t}

3.

A = {2, 3, 5} *!+ B = {5, 3, 2}

4.

A = {4, {5}} *!+ B = {{5}, {4}}

5.

A = {3} *!+ B = {, {3}}

6.

A = {} *!+ B = {, {}}

7.

A = *!+ B = {}

8.

A = {{}} *!+ B = {, {}}

. 02 9962692

24

' !-,) & 9 : + ;!, !-'7>4 !+'7 8

1.
A = {, {}} *!+ B = {
} *! AB ,'&' . {, {, {}}}
&. {{, {}}}
. {, {}}
. {{}}
!/ 0, " "
% 12345 , 12 A B
1. 5
% &' AB 5+ 2 $- %,(' A *!+

B /%%0 % - F 3 !1

% &' AB 5+ ( $- %,(' A = B ,' A B ,' B A

2. 5

AB

A=B

2 $-*!+ ( $-&' n(AB) %,('

1. n(A) = 5, n(B) = 5
2. n(A) = 3, n(B) = 8
3. n(A) = 7, n(B) = 3

BA

. 02 9962692

25

7.2

" ! - " (Intersection)

" A *!+ B 4E
2 A !5 ! , B % 1"#
*!+ B 3:!39 AB
A = {1, 6,, 3}
3 , B = {3, 5, 6}
5+6. % 0('12 3F
A *!+ B ,'
-3 3F

ABB

0(4 +'.- 1 % 0( 4E % &' 3F A

A = {2, {3,3, 4},

4 , {}} , B = {2, {}, 4}
-3 3F
.

0(*

ABB =
*k D 6

, -.

n ''1 !' * - AB

" ! - " /-*

1. AA = A
2. AB = BA
3. (AB) C = A (BC) = ABC
4. A =

; AU =

5. A B ? ' %,(' AB
A
=A
6. " A B *!+ B C *! AB C
7. " A B *!+ A C *! A BC

24*..

) -3 D 6

. 02 9962692

26

%.3 &' 0( 5 * - 0(1 &' 3 +

3. 3.' '
3 ,' " % " $4/- AB = A
' -01 3 " 5 1 - AB = A * - A B

A B

1.

9 5
&' AB %,(' A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {2, 0, 2, 4, 8}

2.

A = {0, 1, 2}, B = {2, 1, 0}

3.

A = {2, 3, 4, 5}, B = {1, 8, 9}

4.

A = {4, {4}}, B = {{4}, 5, 6}

5.

A = {1, 2, 3, }, B = {4, 5, 6, }

6.

A = {1, 2, 3, }, B = {9, 8, 7, }

7.

A = {, {0, {}}}, B = {0, {}, }

. 02 9962692

10

27
U = {0, 1, 2, 3, , 9}
A = {1, 2, 3, 4}
B = {2, 3, 5, 7, 8}
C = {3, 5, 7, 9}
D = {1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9}

5 &01

0(

1.

AB

2.

AB

3.

AC

4.

AD

5.

BD

6.

CD

7.

CD

8.

ABC

9.

ABCD

10.

ABCD

. 02 9962692

28

11 - A = {1, 3, 4, 6, 8},
8 B = {3, 4, 5, 7} *!+ C = {2, 3, 6, 7, 8}}
5 % % *k D 6*!+ &01
* !+&'

1.

AB

2.

AC

3.

BC

4.

AB

5.

AC

6.

BC

7.

(AB) C

8.

A (BC)

9.

(AB) C

10.

A (BC)

11.

A (BC)

12.

(AB) (AC)

13.

A (BC)

14.

(AB) (AC)

15.

(AB) C

16.

(AC) (BC)

17.

(AB) C

18.

(AC) (BC)

. 02 9962692

12

29
A = {xx 4E 6 $ 2 &' 5, 20 < x 40}
B = {xx 4E !3 ' &' 5
C = {xx 4E 5

5 &01

?%, 20 < x 40}

2, 20 < x 40}

'/4 0F*..*5*5 %

1.

2.

3.

4.

BC

5.

A (BC)

6.

AB

7.

AC

8.

(AB) (AC)

9.

BC

10.

A (BC)

11.

AB

12.

AC

13.

(AB) (AC)

. 02 9962692

30

' !-,) & 9 : + ;!, !-'7>4 !+'7 8

1.
- A *!+ B 4E
65 &' % '/4 0F
1) " A B *! ABB = A
2) " A B *! ABB = B

2.

&'
.
&.
.
.

-"2
&' 1. "2*!+ &' 2. "2
&' 1. "2*!+ &' 2. k&' 1. k-*!+ &' 2. "2
&' 1.k-*!+ &' 2. k-

- A B &' -k-

. BA B
&. AB
. AB = A
.
3.

AB = B

" A B -1 A *!+ B &' -"2 '

. AB =
&. AB = A
. AB = B
.

AB = A

4.
.
&.
.
.

(*0
,'
&' (BA) C
(BA) C
B (AC)
B (AC)

. 02 9962692
5.

31

" A = {xR 2 x 2 3x 2 = 0 *!+ 2x + 1 = 0} *!+ A = {a} *! a %0

. 2
&.

1
2

.
6.

1
2
1

,' 2

" A = {5, 3, 1, 0, 1, 5, 10}, B = {6, 3, 1, 3, 6}, C = {4, 3, 2, 1, 2, 4}

*! A (BC)
3. . {xR x 2 + 2 x 3 = 0}
&. {xR x 2 2 x 3 = 0}
. {xN x 2 + 2 x 3 = 0}
.

{xN x 2 2 x 3 = 0}

A = {xx 4E 5
B = {xx 4E 5
*!+ C = {xx 4E 5
% &' ABC %05
-

3. 0( - 1 3 ! 3 }
?% 0( - 1 4 ! 3 }
?% *!+ 100 x 100}
3. -

7.

8.

A = {xIx = 10k, kI}, B = {x I + x = 5k, kI } *! AB

. A
&. B
. {x I + x = 10k, kI}
. {xIx = 5k, kI}

3.&' -

. 02 9962692

32

!/ 0, " "
% 12345 , 12 A B
1. 5
% &' AB 5+ 2 $- %,(' A = B ,' A B ,' B A

A=B

AB

BA

% &' A B 5+ ( $- %,(' A *!+ B /%%0 % - F 3 !1 ,' ABB =

2. 5

13

2 $-*!+ ( $-&' n(AB) %,('

1. n(A) = 5, n(B) = 5
2. n(A) = 3, n(B) = 8
3. n(A) = 7, n(B) = 3

7.3 A4 345- 4 " (Difference and Complement)

" A *!+ B 4E
2
0 * + !+ A
B ',
(40 +'.- 1 % &'
% &' B &01 * - 1 A B
.
0(*
*k D 6
n ''1 !' * A B 42 *.. ) -3 D 6

A 0(/% 4E

. 02 9962692

33

A = {1,1, 2, 3, 4}
4 , B = {3, 4, 5}
5+ ?

% 0('12 A * /%'12 B ,'

-3 3F

AB =

% 0('12 B * /%'12 A ,'

-3 3F

BA =

A = {2,2, 6, 7}
7

, B = {2, 6, 7, 8}

AB =

14

A B *!+ B A %,('

AB

1.

A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5},, B = {2, 4, 8, 9}

2.

A = {1, 2, 4, 5, 7},, B = {3, 6, 8}

3.

A = {3, 5, 7}, B = {5,

{ 3, 7}

4.

A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {1,

{ 2, 3, 4, 5}

5.

A = {1, 2, 4, 5, 7},, B = {2, 4, 6, }

6.

A = {1, 2, {3}},, B = {{3}, 4}

BA

. 02 9962692
A 4E 3.

34

&' 'D6 3%63 7 U ,!&% &

!+ A ,'

0(4 +'.- 1 % #( 4E %

&' U * /% 4E % &' A &01 * - 1 A ', A C

.
0(*
*k D 6
n ''1 !' * - A -3 D 6

U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , A = {1, 3, 5}
5+ ?

% 0('12 U * /%'12 A ,'

15

A *!+ B %,('

-3 3F

U A = A =

1.

U = {1, 2, 3, 4}, A = {1, 2},, B = {2, 3}

2.

U = {a, b, c, d, e, f}, A = {a,a, b, c},

c B = {d, e, f}

3.

U = {1, 2, 3, , 10 }, A = {2,2, 4, 6, 8, 10 } , B =

4.

U = {1, 2, 3, }, A = {2,2, 4, 6, } B = {4, 5, 6, }

5.

U = {xI1 x 8}, A = {xxI2 x < 5}

6.

U = {xI 0 x 5}, A = {xxI x 3 3x 2 + 2 x = 0}

. 02 9962692
16

35
U = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}

A = {0, 2, 3, 4, 5}
B = {1, 3, 4, 6, 7}
C = {0, 4, 7, 9}
5 &01 *k D 6*!+ &01

0(

1.

2.

3.

4.

AB

5.

AB

6.

BA

7.

BA

8.

AC

9.

AC

10.

(A B) (B A)

11.

BC

12.

A (BC)

13.

(BC)

14.

A (BC)

15.

UB

16.

(AB)

17.

AB

18.

B A

. 02 9962692
17

36
U = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
A = {2, 4, 7, 9}
B = {0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7}

5 &01
% 0(
1. AB

2.

AB

3.

4.

5.

(AB)

6.

AB

7.

(AB)

8.

AB

9.

AB

10.

BA

11.

U (AB)

12.

B A

1313.

13.

A B

. 02 9962692
18

5*

37
*k D 6*

1.

0(

2.

(ABBC)
3.

ABC
4.

(B
C)
5.

BC
6.

(B
C)

BC
8.

7.

(AB) (AC)

ABC
10.

9.

(B
A (BC)

(AB)
B) (AC) (BC)

. 02 9962692
11.

38
12.

ACB

(A C) B
13.

14.

C (AB)
B)

(AB) C
15.

16.

ACB
17.

A (BC)

(AB) C

. 02 9962692
19
1.

5 &01

39
* -

0(*

*k D 6 '/4 0F
2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

. 02 9962692

40

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

. 02 9962692

41

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

. 02 9962692

42

31.

A U, B U, C U *!+ A B C 5 &01 *k D 6*
2. A B C

1.

20
AB

3.

CAB

4.

C AB

5.

A (B C)

6.

(B C) A

'/4 0F

. 02 9962692

43

, -.

A4

1. A A =

345-

, A =

4 " /-*

, U A = A

2. (A) =
3. =

*!+ U =

4. (AB) =

, (AB) =

5. AA =

, AA =

6. A B =

7. A (B C) (A B) C
8. A B ? ' %,(' A B =
9. AB = ? ' %,(' A B
21

&'

1.

AA

2.

AA

3.

A A

4.

AA

5.

AA

6.

AA

7.

A (A A)

8.

A (AA)

22

"

A *!+

B /%%0 % - F 3 !1 5

1. AB

2. A B

3. B A

4. (AB) (A B)

. 02 9962692
23

1.

44

" A B *!+ A B 5

2.

AB

24

3.

AB

U = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
A = {3, 4, 5, 6}
B = {5, 6, 8, 9}

5 &01 D 6*

*!+ &01

0(

1.

2.

AB

3.

A (AB)

4.

B (AB)

AB

. 02 9962692

45

5.

6.

AB

7.

A (AB)

8.

B (AB)

9.

AB

10.

A (AB)

11.

AU

12.

AU

13.

AB

14.

BA

15.

UA

16.

UB

. 02 9962692
25

46
U = {1, 2, 3, , 8}, A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {4, 5, 6, 7} *!+ C = {4, 5, 8}

1.

AB

2.

A (BC)

3.

(AB) C

4.

A(BC)

5.

A ( B C)

6.

A(B C)

7.

(BC) (B C)

8.

B (B C)

9.

A (ABC)

10.

(AC) (BA)

. 02 9962692

47

- A, B, C 4E &' 5
5 (0
2
1
5
A = [ , 2), B = (, ] ( , ) *!+ C = [3, 1) 5
3
2
2
26

1.

C (BA)

2.

A (BC)

3.

(CB) A

' !-,) & 9 : I. +9 *

!,) &'7>4 9 *
!,) &'705
1. - A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} *!+ U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
1.

AB

2.

AB = B

3.

AB = A

4.

AB =

5.

B A

6.

AA =

7.

A A = U

8.

A A = A

9.

A A = A

10.

U =

. 02 9962692

48

2.
1.

A (A A) = A A

2.

AA = A (A A)

3.

A (AA) = A A

4.

AA = A

5.

" U = {a, b, c, d, e} *!+ A = {a, c, e} *! A = {b, d}

6.

" = A *! A = U

II. + ;!, !-'7>4 !+'7 8

- A = {, {}} *!+ B = {} &' -"2 '
1.
. AB = A
&. AB = {}
. A=B
. AB =
A = {1, 2, 3, {1, 2, 3}} *!+ B = {1, 2, {1, 2}} &' -"2

2.

. AB = {{1, 2}}
&. AB = {{1, 2}, {1, 2, 3}}}
. A B = {{1, 2, 3}, 3}
.
3.

BA =
&'
.
&.
.
.

-/%
0(*
AB
BA
AB
(AB) A

*k D 6

. 02 9962692

49

4.

.
.
&.
.
.

(0*
D 6 % 1"#
(A C) B
(C A) B
C (AB)
A (BC)

5.

6,F
.
&.
.
.

0( (*0
24 3.&' AB
(A B) B
(B A) (A
B)
[(A B) B]

.
&.
.
.

(*0
,'
&' C (AB)
C (BA)
AC
BC

7.

.
.
&.
.
.

0(*
% 1"#
&' (A B)
B A
(A B) ( A
B)
(A B) (A
B)

8.

5 *k D 6
0(*
% 1"#
. A (BC)
&. A (BC)
. (A B) (A C)
. (A B) (A C)

6.

. 02 9962692

50

9.

U 4E 'D6 3%63 7 A, B 4E

10.

- U 4E 'D6 3%63 7 A, B, C 4E

-) x
.
&.
.
.

4E 6,F 0(* &' - 4E 5

x = (AB) A
x = (AB) (B A)
x = (A B) (B A)
x = (A B) (B A)

- ) *!+ x 4E 6,F 0(*

&' - 4E 5

. x = (AB) C
&. x = ABC
. x = (AB) C
. x = (A B) C
11.

5 *k D 6 0(

- &' - 4E 5
. (AB) (D C) = BD
&. (C A) (B C) = (DC)
C) (AB)
. (B D) (A D) = ABB
. (CD) (D A) = B D

12.

5 *k D 6 0(
0( * .

. 4 &'
. 2 &'

!& 3 0(&'

&' - 3.

1)

B {(BC) (ABBC)}

2)

(BC) (ABC)

3)

(BA) (BAC)

4)

(BA) C

&. 3 &'
. 1 &'

. 02 9962692
13.

51

&' - ,' [(NP) n M] (MNP) %,(' U = {a,a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h},

h
M = {a, b, c, d}, N = {c, d, e, f}, P = {b, d, f, g}
. {e, f, g}
&. {f, h}
. {d, g}
.

14.

{c}

U = {2, 3, 4, ,, 10},
10 A = {2, 4, 6}, B = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7},, C = {3, 5, 7, 9}
*! (A C) B ,'&' . {4, 6}
&. {3, 5, 7}
. {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}}
.

15.

{2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10}
10

- 'D6 3%63 7 U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} *!+ A = {1,1, 2, 3, 4},

4 B = {3, 4, 5, 6},
C = {2, 4, 6, 7} *! [(BC) A] (ABC) ',
&' . {6}
&. {6, 8}
. {5, 6}
.

16.

{5, 6, 7}

" A = [1, 3), B = (2, 4] *!+ C = (3, 5] *!

', y&'
. (AC) B
. (AB) C

&. (CB) A
. (AC) B

. 02 9962692

52

(A B) (B A) (AB)

17.

3.

&' -

. AB
&. (AB)
. A
.

(A B)
A, B 4E

18.

-) 5

A (BA)

. A
&. B
.
.

19.

5
.
&.
.
.

A (B A)
A
B

20.

5
.
&.
.
.

A (BB)
A
B

21.

&'
.
&.
.
.

-! "2 '
AA = A
A =
AA =
A A =

3.&' -

3.&' -

3.&' -

. 02 9962692
22.

53

" A *!+ B 4E

-) &' -"2 '

. (A B) A
&. A (A B)
. (A B) (B A)
.

23.

(B A) (A B)

- A 4E

5 3- B 4E

. " A B *! B 4E
&. AB 4E

5 3-

. AB 4E

5 3-

.
24.

A B 4E
-

- ) &' -"2 '

5 3-

' 3

A = {xx = 2n %,(' nI + } *!+ B = {yy = 3n %,(' nI + } &' -/%"2 '

. AB = {6, 12, 18, }

&. A B = {2, 4, 8, 10, 14, 16, 20, 22, }
. B A = {3, 9, 15, 21, 27, }
.
25.

(A B) (B A) = (AB)

" (a, b) = {a, {a, b}} *! (a, b) (a, {b})

. {{a, b}}
&. {{a}, {b}}
. {{b}}
.

{{a}, {a, b}}

3.&' -

. 02 9962692

54

!/ 0, " "
% 12345 , 12 A B
1. 5
% &' A B 5+ 2 $- %,(' A *!+ B /%%0 % -) F 3 !1

% &' A B 5+ ( $- %,(' A = B ,' A B ,' B A

2. 5

AB

A=B

27

2 $-*!+ ( $-&' n(A B) %,('

1. n(A) = 5, n(B) = 5
2. n(A) = 3, n(B) = 8
3. n(A) = 7, n(B) = 3

BA

. 02 9962692

55

8. &- 5'7 , %57& 5&

1. A (AB) *!+ B (AB)
2. (AB) A *!+ (AB) B
3. (ABC) (AB)
(ABC) (AC)
(ABC) (BC)
4. A (BC) = (AB) (AC)
A (BC) = (AB) (AC)
5. A B = A %,(' AB =
6. A (BC) = (A B) (A C)
A (BC) = (A B) (A C)
7. (AB) C = (A C) (B C)
(AB) C = (A C) (B C)

28 " P *!+ Q *
&' (PQ) (PQ)

29

-) *!+ Q 4E '%6!0 % &' Q *!

(ABP) (ABCPQ) (APB) ,'

. 02 9962692
' !-,) & 9 : I. +9 *

56
!,) &'7>4

9 *

!,) &'705

/%%0

1.

{a, b, c, d} *!+ {p, q, r, s} 4E

2.

{7, 11, 13} *!+ {11, 12, 15} 4E

3.

A = B ? ' %,(' A *!+ B %0 % 4E 5

4.

4E 3.

5.

" A B *!+ B A *! A = B

6.

" A B *!+ B C *! A C

7.

" aA *!+ aB *! A = B

8.

" aA *!+ A B *! aB

9.

" bB *!+ A B *! bA

10.

" A U *!+ B U *! A B

11.

" A B *! 5+/- A B =

12.

" AB = U *! A = B *!+ B = A

13.

" AB = U *! A = B

14.

" AB = *! A = B

15.

" AB = *! A B

/%%0

&' $)

%
3

. 02 9962692

57

16.

" A B *! 5+/- B A

17.

" A B *!+ B C *! C A

18.

" A *!+ B 4E

19.

" AB = U *!+ AB *! B A

20.

(AB) (AB) = (A B) (B A)

21.

A (AB) = AB

22.

A (A B) = AB

23.

(AB) (AB) = A

24.

(AB) [A (B (B A))]

25.

A (BC) = (AB) (AC)

26.

(A B) C = (AC) (BC)

27.

A (B C) = (AB) (AC)

28.

A (B C) = (A B) C

29.

(A B) C = A (BC)

30.

B [(AB) (BC)] = U

/%%0

% *! A B

. 02 9962692

58

II. + ;!, !-'7>4 !+'7 8

1.
- A, B, C, D, E 4E
. A
&. U
. B
.
2.
.
&.
.
.
3.

4.

A, B, C, D 4E
A
B

-) 5

-) 5

5
(AB) (AB)
. A
.
"

A *!+

(AB) (CD) (ABE)

A (AB) ((BC) D)

3.&' -

3.&' &. B
. U

B /%%0 % - F 3 !1 &' -"2

. AB = A B
&. (AB) (B A) = B
. (AB) B = (AB) (A B)
.
5.

(AB) A = A (AB)
5 *k D 6 '- !' 3.
. (AB) (AC)
&. (C (AB))
. A (BC)
. (AB) (CB)

3.&' -

. 02 9962692
6.

A, B 4E

59

-) 5 65

&'

% '/4 0F

1) (AB) (AB) =
2) (AB) (AB) = B
3) (AB) (AB) = AB
&'
.
&.
.
.

7.

-"2 '
"2 3F &' 1. &' 2. *!+ &' 3.
"2 R6 +&' 1. 3.&' 2.
"2 R6 + &' 1. &' 3. &' 3.
"2 R6 + &' 2. 601 &' -01

A, B, C 4E

-) &'

% - 4E 'C

. A B = B A
&. A (B C) = (AB) (AC)
. " AB = *! A B =
.

8.

&'
.
&.
.
.

((A)) = A

- A, B *!+ C 4E
- ) <0( &* 4E
P = (ABC) (ABC) (ABC) (ABC)
Q = (AB) (AB)
->4
QP
PQ = PQ
PQ =
Q 4E 3. * &' P

. 02 9962692
9.

60

" A B C *!+ A B, B C &' -k. (ABC) (AB) (A B) = A

&. (BC) (C (AB)) = ABC
. (AB) C = (B A) (C A)
.

10.

[(AC) B] A = (AB) (AC)

" A *!+ B 4E 3. &' 'D6 3%63 7 U

-' 5 & A + B = (A B) (B A)
&' -k. A + A =
&. A + B = B + A
. A+ = A
.

11.

A + B = AB
A, B 4E 3.

&' U " A B = (A B) (B A) &' -<&*>4 !+

. = U U
&. A B = (AB) (BA)
. A B = (AB) (BA)

12.

AB = BA

- A *!+ B 4E

. A (AB) = A B
&. A B = AB
. A B = (B A)
.

(A B) = AB

- ) &' -05

. 02 9962692
13.

" A, B, C 4E

61
- ) *! &' $4 - 4E 'C

. [A (BC)] = A (BC)
&. [(AB) C] = (AB) C
. [(AB) C] = (AB) C
.

9.
1.

[(AB) A] = BA

-8 & 659
30 5
-

'7& ' ' + : 96 0 $ % )

'.
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8},
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
AB = {4, 5},
AB = U

1 !! !

. 02 9962692
2.

ABC

{1, 2, 3, , 7}

CA

{3, 4}

AB

{1, 2, 6}

B (CA)

{7}

CB

{1, 2}

ABC

{5}

C
5

3.

62

AB

A, B *!+ C

- ABC = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} = U, AB = {1, 2, 3}, BC = {1, 2, 6},

AC = {1, 2, 5}, A = {0, 4, 6}, AB = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} 5
C

. 02 9962692
' !-,) & 9 : + ;!, !-'7>4 !+'7 8
1. - A B = {1, 2, 4}, B A = {3, 5} *!+ AB = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
*! AB 4E 3. &'
&' . {0, 1, 4, 6, 7}
&. {0, 1, 3, 5, 7}
. {1, 2, 3, 4, 7}
.
2.

{1, 2, 4, 5, 6}

- AB = {0, 1, 2, 3}, AB = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, AC = {0, 1},

BC = {0, 1, 5} *!+ AC = {0, 1, 2, 3, 5}
A (BC) ,' . {4}
&.
. {0, 1, 5}
.

3.

{4, 5}
-

U = I, A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}, B = {2, 4, 6, 7}, CA = {2, 4, 8, 10} &' -"2 '

. BC = {2, 4, 6} *!+ BC = {6, 7, 8}

&. BC = {2, 4} *!+ BC = {6, 7}
. BC = {2, 4} *!+ BC = {6, 7, 8}
.
4.

BC = {2, 4, 6} *!+ BC = {6, 7}

- U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}, 1A, AB = {2, 3}, AC = {2, 6},

BC = {2, 4, 7}, ABC = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}, C A = {4, 5, 7} &' -k. A B = {6, 8}
&. B C = {1, 3}
. A (BC) = {1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9}
.

[A ( BC)] (AB)

63

. 02 9962692
5.

- A, B, C 4E
&' -/%"2 '
. f B
&. e A
. d A
.

e A

64
-1 0( A B, B C, aA, bB, cC, dA , eB *!+ fC

. 02 9962692

65

10. % )!
% )!
!+ A % 1"#
A &01 * - 1 P(A)

0(4 +'.- 1 % #( 4E 3.

&'

A $ 3.

6 '

A = {3, 4, 5}
0( 4E 3.

&'

0( 4E 3.

&' A 3F %- %05

%,('

A /-*

! 0F/4

0( 4E % &'

0F 6 '

&' A

01

3.
&01 /- 4E

B = {3, {4}}
0( 4E 3.

&'

0( 4E 3.

&' B 3F %- %05

-3 3F

2 n %,(' n 4E 5

P(B)

% 6 '
%

B /-*

&'
A

3.

A ? ,' 5

3.

3F %-&'

A 3( '

#(

/-5

. 02 9962692
31
&' 6 '

5 &01 6 '

&'

66
&'

0(

6 '

1.

{4}

2.

{3, 7}

3.

{2, {6}, 8}

4.

{5, {{5}}}

5.

{}

6.

7.

{{, {}}}

6 '% 3F +.$5

% &'
5
% &'

*!+5

%
5
% &'
6 '

. 02 9962692

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67

6 '

8.

P()

9.

{{}}

10.

{1, {1, 2, 3, }}

11.

{, {1, 2}, {}}

12.

{{a, b}, a, b}

13.

{{1, 2, 3, }}

5
% &'

5
% &'
6 '

. 02 9962692
' !-,) & 9 : +9 *
!,) &'7>4 9 *
1. - A = { , 0, 2, 4, {}, {0}, {0, 2}}

68
!,) &'705

1.1

P(A)

1.2

{} P(A)

1.3

{} P(A)

1.4

{{}} P(A)

1.5

{0, 2} P(A)

1.6

{0, 2} P(A)

1.7

{{}, 2} P(A)

1.8

{{}, 2} P(A)

2.1

{5} {{5}}

2.2

= {}

2.3

{5} {{5}}

2.4

= {}

2.5

{3, 4, }

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

{}

2.10 P() {{}}

2.

2.11 P({}) {, {}}

2.12 P() = P({})

. 02 9962692

69

-3 F3 5
% &' 6 '
%.3
3:&' 6 ' /--3 0F

A ? ,' 5

3.

3F %-&'

A 3( '

% " $4

1. P() = {}
2. P(A)

3. $)

&' A

3. P(A)
4. P(A)
5. A P(A)
6. {A} P(A)
7. {} P(A)
8. " A 4E
9. "

' 3 *! P(A) 5+ 4E

A %05

% 3. n *! 5

&' A = 2 n 1
10. A B ? ' %,(' P(A) P(B)
11. P(A) P(B) = P(AB)
12. P(A) P(B) P(AB)
5

32
1.

'.
A = {1, 2} , B = {2, 3} 5

1.

P(A) P(B)

2.

P(AB)

3.

P(A) P(B)

4.

P(AB)

' 3
% &' P(A)

3. 2 n *!+5

3.

. 02 9962692
2.

3.

70

A = {1, 2} , B = {3, 4} 5

1.

P(A) P(B)

2.

P(AB)

3.

P(A) P(B)

4.

P(AB)

- U = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}, A = {5, 6, 7}, B = {6, 7, 8, 9} *!+ C = {2, 3, 4, 5}

5
1. P(A) P(B)
2.

P(A) P(C)

3.

P(A) P(B)

4.

P(C A) P(C B)

5.

P(A) P(B) P(C)

. 02 9962692
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71
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A P(A)

2.

" A B *! P(A) P(B) = P(A)

3.

" P(AB) = {} *! AB ' 5/% 3.

4.

P(AB) = P(A) P(B)

5.

" A *! A P(A)

6.

{{2, 3}} P({5, {2, 3}})

7.

{3, 5} P({{3, 5}})

8.

" aA *!+ bB *! {{a}, {a, b}} P(AB)

9.

" aA *!+ bB *! {{a}, {a, b}} P(P(AB))

II. + ;!, !-'7>4 !+'7 8

1. - A = {1, {1}, {2}, 2} &' -/%"2 '
. {1} P(A)

&. P(A)

. {1, 2} P(A)
2.

3.

A -) &'

. A P(A)
. P(A)

{, {1}} P(A)

% &' - DE 'C
&. {A} P(A)
.

P(A)

. 02 9962692
3.

A 4E

- ) &' -"2 '

. A 4E 3.

&' P(A)

&. A 4E 3.

* &' P(A)

. 4E 3.
.
4.

72

4E 3.

* &' A
* &' P(A)

" A = {1, 2, {3, 4}, {5, 6, {7, 8}, 9}} *! n(P(A))

. 4

&. 16

. 32

- P(A) = {, {1}, {{1}}, {1, {1}}}

16
4
8
3

5.

.
&.
.
.

6.

" A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} *!+ B = {4, 5, 6, 7} *!

. 16
&. 17
. 28
. 29

7.

&' - 4E

?5

. (AB) P(A) P(B)

&. (A B) P(AB)
. (AB) P(A) P(B)
.

%0

3.&' -

AB *!+ A B

128
&' n(P(A) A) %0

3.&' -

[P(A) P(B)] %05

% 3.&' -

. 02 9962692
8.

73

A = {, 2, {2}}
B = {, {2}, {3}}
C = {, {2}, {{3}}}

P(A) P(B) P(C) %0

3.&' -

. {, {}, {{2}}}
. {, {}, {{2}}, {,{2}}}

&. {, {{}}, {}, {2}}

.

{}

B = {0, 2, {1}} &' -"2 '

9.

. {{0, 2}} P(B)

&. B P(B)
. P(P(B)) %05
.
10.

% 8 3

{2, {1}} P(B)

" A = {0, 1}, B = {0}, C = {1} *! [P(A) P(B)] P(C)

. {1}
&. {{1}}
. {{0}}
.

11.

"
5
.
&.
.
.

{{1}, {0}}
A = {, 0, 1, {2}} *!+ B = {, {0, 1}, {0, 2}} *!
% &'
P(A) B 3.&' 13
14
15
16

3.&' -

. 02 9962692

74

- 'D6 3%63 7 U = {1, 2, 3, 4, , 10} " A = {1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10}, B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}

% 6 ' &' [(AB) B] %05
3.&' 2
4
8
16

12.

*!
.
&.
.
.

13.

&' -"2 ' %,(' P(A) *

6 '

&' A

. " A = {a, b, c} *! 5+/- A P(A)

&. " A = {a, b, c} *! 5+/- {{a, b}, {a}} P(A)
. " A = {1} *! 5+/- {} P(A)
" A = {1} *! 5+/- {} P(P(A))

.
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&' % -"2 '

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A

% 3 *! A 4E 3.

&. " A 4E 3.

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% "

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A 0( 6 '
&'

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A *!+ B %05

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% '1 6 '
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3 *! A *!+ B 01. 3

&' B

&'

. 02 9962692
11.

75

) & 65 !+

5
% &'
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1.2 A 4E ) (# *!+ x 4E % -) 'D6 3%63 7

1.

"

xA * -

xA

"

xA * -

xA

33 5 *k D 6
n(U) = 100,

n ''1 !' +.$5

n(A) = 40,
n(B) = 25,
n(AB) = 6

2.

n(U) = 50,

n(A) = 25,

n(B) = 20,

n(AB) = 12,

n(AC) = 15,

n(BC) = 10,

n(ABC) = 5

n(ABC) = n(U)

% * !+

%,('

. 02 9962692
34
1.

2.

76

5
'.
- n(U) = 100, n(AB) = 50, n(A) = 40, n(B) = 30 5

1.

n(AB)

2.

n(A B)

3.

n[(AB)]

4.

n[(AB)]

- A, B 4E 3.

&' U *!+ n(U) = 100 -1 0( n(AB) = 40, n(A) = 30 *!+ n[(A B)] = 90

1.

n(AB)

2.

n[(AB)]

3.

n[(AB)]

4.

n(B A)

5.

n(B A)

. 02 9962692
3.

77

A, B *!+ C 4E 3. &' U -1 0( n(U) = 200, n(ABC) = 5, n(AB) = 7, n(AC) = 6,

n(BC) = 8, n[(ABC)] = 60, n(A) = 140, n(B) = 150 5

1.

n(C)

2.

n(ABC)

3.

n[A (BC)]

4.

n[A (BC)]

5.

n[(AB) (BC)]

6.

n[(AC) (BC)]

7.

n[C ((AB) C)]

8.

n[(AB) C]

. 02 9962692

1.

78

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. 02 9962692
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. 02 9962692

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. 02 9962692

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. 02 9962692

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. 02 9962692
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. 02 9962692

84

- n(U) = 150, n(AB) = 50, n(C) = 10, n(A) = 70, n(B) = 80 *!+ C (AB)
n(AB) + n(B A) + n(ABC)
50
70
100
130

11.

5
.
&.
.
.

12.

" A *!+ B 4E
-) #( n(P(A)) = 32, n(P(B)) = 8 *!+ n(P(AB)) = 64 *!
n(A B) 3.&' . 4
&. 3
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5 3- #(

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1. "

AB =

*!

n(AB)

n(A) + n(B)

2. "

AB

*!

n(AB)

n(A) + n(B) n(AB)

3. n(ABC) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) n(AB) n(AC) n(BC) + n(ABC)

. 02 9962692

1.

2.

85

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. 02 9962692

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. 02 9962692
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