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School
Kudi Bhagatasani,
Jodhpur(Rajasthan)
Maths Project 20112012

Triangles

Principal Maam :-Mrs.Renu

Rampal

Submitted To :-Mr.
Anand Sir

Content
1) Concept of Similarity
2) Ratio of corresponding
Medians
3) Pythagoras Theorem

Concept of similarity
ILLUSTRATION 1 - Any two line segments are always similar but they need not
be congruent. They are congruent, if their lengths are equal.

ILLUSTRATION 2 - Any two circles are similar but not necessarily

congruent. They are congruent if their radii are equal.

ILLUSTRATION 3 - {1} Any two squares are similar.

{2} Any two equilateral triangles are similar.

Fig. {1}

Fig. {2}

SIMILAR TRIANGLES AND THEIR PROPERTIES

Definition :- Two triangles are said to be

similar, if their
{1} Corresponding angles are equal.
{2} Corresponding sides are

Ratio of corresponding Medians

If two triangles are equiangular, prove that the ratio of the corresponding
sides is same as the ratio of the corresponding medians.
GIVEN :- Two triangles ABC and DEF in which A = D , B = E , C =
F, AP and DQ are their medians.
D
A

TO PROVE BC EF = AP DQ
PROOF Since equiangular triangles are similar.
ABC

DEF

AB DE = BC EF

...(i)

are

AB DE = 2BP 2EQ { P and Q are mid- points of BC and EF

respectively }
{ BC = 2BP and EF = 2 EQ }

AB DE = BP EQ
Now, in ABP And DEQ , we have
AB DE = BP EQ
B=E

[From (ii)]
[Given]

So, by SAS- criterion of similarity, we have

ABP

DEQ

AB DE = AP DQ

...(ii)

C
D

...(iii)

From (i) and (iii), we get

BC EF = AP DQ
E

Hence, the ratio of the corresponding sides is same as the ratio of

corresponding medians

Pythagoras Theorem
In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum
of the squares of the other two sides.
Given :- a right-angled triangle ABC in which B = 90 .
To Prove :- (Hypotenuse)2 = (Base)2 + (perpendicular) 2
i.e., AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2
Construction :- From B draw BD AC.
B

A
D
Proof :- In triangles ADB and ABC, we have
ABD = ABC
A= A

[ Each equal to 90 ]

So, by AA- similarity criterion, we have

ADB

ABC

AD AB = AB AC
[ In similar triangle corresponding
sides are proportional.]
AB 2 = AD AC

...(i)

In triangles BDC and ABC, we have

BDC = ABC
C = C

B
[Each equal to 90]
[Common]

So, by AA-similarity criterion, we have

BDC

ABC

DC BC = BC AC
[ In a similar triangles corresponding
sides are proportional ]
BC 2 = AC DC
Adding equations (i) and (ii) , we get

...(ii)

AB + BC

= AD AC + AC DC
2

AB + BC = AC (AD +DC)
AB + BC = AC AC
2

AB + BC = AC
2

Hence, AC = AB + BC

2 A

The converse of the above theorem is also

true.