Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

Khoa Vin Thng 1

Bi tiu lun

CNG NGH TRUY NHP V MNG

ti: Tm hiu cng ngh truy nhp quang ch ng
AON
GV hng dn: ThS. Dng Th Thanh T
Nhm SV: Trn Phng Mai
Nguyn Mai Phng
Hong Thu Thy
Nguyn Th Tng
Lp:

D08VT2

H Ni, thng 10 nm 2011

10/2011

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

LI NI U
Ngy nay, s pht trin bng n ca mng Internet trn ton cu gy nh hng ln
ti cc nh cung cp mng trn ton cu trong vi chc nm gn y. S ph bin ca
mng Internet cng vi cc yu cu ngy cng tng ln v lnh vc multimedia, truyn
hnh trc tuyn, qua mng Internet, yu cu mng phi phn phi bng thng rng cho
nhiu ngi s dng vi tin cy cao. Vi s lng ngi dng ngy cng ln v nhiu
yu cu dch v cht lng cao, hin tng thiu bng thng s l tng lai gn cho tt c
cc nh cung cp mng Internet nu nh cung cp vn s dng nhng thit b mng v
hnh thc t chc mng theo kiu truyn thng s dng cp in thng thng. Cng ngh
cp quang tr thnh mt gii php khng th trnh khi cho vn nan gii ny.
Vi cc c im vt tri v bng thng, tc v cht lng dch v so vi cng
ngh mng truy nhp cp ng, cng ngh mng truy nhp cp quang m ra xu hng mi
nhm cung cp cc dch v bng rng cho khch hng. Mt khc, nng cao kh nng
cnh tranh ca doanh nghip trn th trng dch v bng rng, cc nh cung cp dch v
vin thng ln nh: VNPT, FPT, Viettel gp rt trin khai cc h thng mng truy
nhp quang trn cng ngh AON (Active Optical Network), GPON (Gigabit Passive
Optical Network), nhm cung cp cc dch v bng rng, dch v FTTX (Fiber to the X)
tc cao, cht lng n nh n nh khch hng bng cp quang.
Nhm em chn tm hiu v cng ngh truy nhp quang ch ng AON v y l mt
trong nhng cng ngh quang ang c s dng rng ri trn th gii v Vit Nam. V
thi gian tm hiu v trnh c hn nn hiu bit ca chng em v vn ny cn thiu
st. Mong c v cc bn ng gp kin bi tiu lun ca nhm em hon thin hn.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!
Nhm sinh vin lp D08VT2

10/2011

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

CC THUT NG VIT TT
T VIT TT NGHA TING ANH

NGHA TING VIT

2F USHR/L

2-Fiber Undirection Self-Healing

Mch vng t phc hi 2 si mt

Ring/Line protection swiching

hng chuyn mch bo v ng

2-Fiber Undirection Self-Healing

Mch vng t phc hi 2 si mt

Ring/Path protection swiching

hng chuyn mch bo v tuyn

AF

Adaptation Function

Khi chc nng t thch nghi

AON

Active Optical Network

Mng quang tch cc

AOEN

All Optical Ethernet Network

Ethernet tch cc

ANSI

American National Standards Institue

Vin tiu chun M

ASE

Active Star Ethernet

Kin trc Ethernet sao tch cc

AP

Access Point

im truy nhp

BER

Bit Error Ratio

T s tn hiu trn nhiu

CO

Central Office

Trung tm nh cung cp dch v

DP

Distribution Point

im phn phi si quang

DLC

Digital Line Carrier

B cung cp mch vng thu bao s

ETSI

European Telecommunications

Vin cc chun vin thng Chu u

2F USHR/P

Standards Institute
FTTO

10/2011

Fiber To The Office

Cp quang ti vn phng

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

FTTC

Fiber To The Curb

Cp quang ti khu vc

FTTB

Fiber To The Building

Cp quang ti cao c

FTTH

Fiber To The Home

Cp quang ti nh

FTTF

Fiber To The Floor

Cp quang ti tng nh

FTTR

Fiber To The Rural

Cp quang ti vng nng thn

FTTx

Fiber To The X

OAN

Optical Access Network

Cng ngh truy nhp cp quang

ODN

Optical Distribution Network

Mng phn phi quang

OLT

Optical Line Terminal

u cui quang

ONU

Optical Network Unit

n v mng quang

ONT

Optical Network Termination

Khi kt cui mng quang

PDH

Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

Phn cp s cn ng b

PTP

Point To Point

im - im

QoS

Quality of Service

Cht lng dch v

RSU

Remote Switching Unit

Khi chuyn mch t xa

SDH

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

Phn cp s ng b

TRM

Terminal

Thit b u cui

10/2011

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

MC LC
LI NI U.....................................................................................................................1
CC THUT NG VIT TT...........................................................................................3
MC LC............................................................................................................................ 5
DANH MC HNH V.......................................................................................................7
I. Khi nim:........................................................................................................................8
1.1. Khi nim cng ngh truy nhp quang:......................................................................8
1.2. Khi nim cng ngh AON:.....................................................................................10
II. Thnh phn mng AON:................................................................................................11
2.1. Khi chc nng OLT:...............................................................................................11
2.2. Khi chc nng ONU:.............................................................................................13
2.3. Khi chc nng ODN:.............................................................................................14
2.4. Khi chc nng t thch nghi:..................................................................................15
III. Cc phng thc trin khai:.........................................................................................15
3.1. Kt ni Point To Point:.............................................................................................15
3.2. AOEN (Active Optical Ethernet Network):..............................................................16
3.3. Kin trc Home-Run-Fiber:.....................................................................................17
3.4. Kin trc Active Star Ethernet:................................................................................18
IV. u im, nhc im v ng dng ca cng ngh AON:............................................19
4.1. u im:.................................................................................................................. 19
4.2. Nhc im:............................................................................................................20

10/2011

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

4.3. ng dng ca cng ngh AON:...............................................................................21

V. Mng truy nhp quang VNPT:....................................................................................22
5.1. Mng truy nhp quang trn th gii:........................................................................22
5.2. Mng truy nhp quang Vit Nam:.........................................................................24
5.3. Mng truy nhp quang VNPT:..............................................................................25
KT LUN........................................................................................................................ 30
TI LIU THAM KHO..................................................................................................31

10/2011

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

DANH MC HNH V
Hnh 2.1: Mng quang ch ng AON...............................................................................10
Hnh 2.2: S khi chc nng OLT.................................................................................11
Hnh 2.3: S khi chc nng ONU................................................................................12
Hnh 2.4: Cu trc c bn khi phn phi quang...............................................................13
Hnh 3.1: Mng AOEN.......................................................................................................15
Hnh 3.2: Kin trc Home Run...........................................................................................16
Hnh 3.3: Kin trc Active Star Ethernet............................................................................17
Hnh 4.1: Cc mng truy nhp quang FTTx.......................................................................20
Hnh 4.2: Mt s m hnh trin khai AON.........................................................................21
Hnh 5.1: Cu hnh vng (ring)..........................................................................................25
Hnh 5.2: Cu hnh mng im ni im............................................................................26
Hnh 5.3: M hnh bo v 1+1............................................................................................26
Hnh 5.4: Chuyn mch bo v trong 2F USHR/P.............................................................27
Hnh 5.5: Chuyn mch bo v trong 2F USHR/L.............................................................27

10/2011

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

I. Khi nim:
phn ny, chng ta s bit s qua v cng ngh truy nhp quang, khi nim, cch
phn loi, cng nh nhng u nhc im ca cng ngh truy nhp quang. Chng ta cng
s bit c th no l cng ngh truy nhp quang ch ng AON, t to nn tng tm
hiu nhng phn sau.
1.1. Khi nim cng ngh truy nhp quang:
Cng ngh truy nhp quang (OAN: Optical Access Network) l cng ngh truy nhp
ch yu s dng cp quang lm mi trng truyn dn.
Cng ngh truy nhp quang c th c phn thnh cng ngh quang ch ng (AON)
v cng ngh quang th ng (PON).
Ngoi ra, c th phn loi theo v tr ca cp quang tham gia trong mng truy nhp
thnh cc mng truy nhp quang FTTx khc nhau nh:
Cp quang ti tn vn phng (FTTO)
Cp quang ti tn khu dn c (FTTC)
Cp quang ti tn khu cng s (FTTB)
Cp quang ti tn h gia nh (FTTH)
Mng truy nhp cp quang c nhiu u im hn mng truy nhp cp ng v mng
truy nhp v tuyn. Cc u im chnh ca mng truy nhp quang:
V bng thng, tc truyn ti v c im k thut: Mng truy nhp quang
vi u im v bng thng v tc truyn ti rt ph hp vi xu hng pht trin thng
tin trong tng lai:
Tc d liu rt cao vi khong cch truyn dn trung bnh (hn vi Gigabit
trn giy, bao gm Gigabit Ethernet v knh quang hn 35km cho hu ht mi trng
hp, hn 70 km vi iu kin l tng).

10/2011

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

SONET: tng thch vi nhiu nh sn xut cng nh cc nh cung cp dch

v a dng.
Cung cp cho cc lin kt WDM v non-WDM. Loi b hin tng tht nt
c chai mng truy nhp bi v c th: qun l lu lng truy nhp quang t thit b ngi
s dng u cui, phn phi lu lng n cc m my dch v ph hp
V dch v: m bo p ng c cc yu cu k thut cho tt c cc loi dch
v, cho php s dng hiu qu c s h tng c hiu qu hn, thun li khi pht trin cc
dch v mi .
V cu trc mng: Mng truy nhp quang cho php gim s lng tng i ni
ht, loi b tng i c lp, tng dung lng ca node, gim cp ng b ngha l tng
QoS.
V u t pht trin v chi ph khai thc: Chi ph u t cho mng truy nhp l
kh ln, do vy tnh kinh t trong u t l rt quan trng. Mng truy nhp quang c kh
nng tch hp cc dch v, gim chi ph qun l v bo dng nhiu so vi mng cp ng,
do vy tnh kinh t cao hn.
V qun l mng: Thng qua giao din Q3, h thng qun l mng TMN tp
trung, cho php iu phi mng truy nhp hot ng n nh, linh hot trong chun ho v
khc phc li, cc thit b c th h tr nhau trong cung cp dch v v dung lng, lu
lngdo gim c chi ph trong qun l, khai thc v qun l dch v.
V chun ho mng: Thng qua giao din chun V5.x, nh khai thc khng l
thuc vo cc nh sn xut, cung cp thit b. Vic kt hp cng ngh SDH vi V5.x s
tng c hiu qu v c bit l tnh an ton cho mng.
Tuy nhin, mng truy nhp quang cng c nhng nhc im:
Vn bin i in quang:
Yu cu lp t c bit
i hi phi c k nng tt trong cng tc lp t v bo dng.

10/2011

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

1.2. Khi nim cng ngh AON:

Mng quang ch ng (AON Active Optical Network) l mng quang c s phn
phi tn hiu quang cn s dng cc thit b cn ngun nui d liu nh mt chuyn mch,
router hoc multiplexer. D liu t pha nh cung cp ca khch hng no s ch c
chuyn n khch hng . V vy, d liu ca khch hng s trnh c xung t khi
truyn trn ng vt l chung bng vic s dng b m ca cc thit b tch cc.
T nm 2007, hu ht cc cc h thng mng quang ch ng c gi l Ethernet
tch cc (AOEN All Optical Ethernet Network). chnh l bc i u tin cho s pht
trin ca chun 802.3ah nm trong h thng chun 802.3 c gi l Ethernet in the First
Mile (EFM). Ethernet tch cc s dng cc chuyn mch Ethernet quang phn phi tn
hiu, do s kt ni cc cn h khch hng vi nh cung cp thnh mt h thng mng
Ethernet khng l ging nh mt mng my tnh thng thng ngoi tr mc ch ca
chng l kt ni cc cn h v cc ta nh vi nh cung cp dch v. Mi t chuyn mch
c th qun l ti 1.000 khch hng, nhng thng thng ch s dng cho 400-500 khch
hng. Cc thit b chuyn mch ny thc hin chuyn mch v nh tuyn da vo lp 2 v
lp 3. Chun 802.3ah cng cho php nh cung cp dch v cung cp ng truyn
100Mbps song cng ti khch hng v tin ti cung cp ng truyn 1Gbps song cng.
Mt nhc im rt ln ca mng quang ch ng chnh l thit b chuyn mch.
Vi cng ngh hin ti, thit b chuyn mch bt buc phi chuyn tn hiu quang thnh tn
hiu in phn tch thng tin ri tip tc chuyn ngc li truyn i, iu ny s lm
gim tc truyn dn ti a c th trong h thng FTTx. Ngoi ra do y l nhng
chuyn mch c tc cao nn cc thit b ny c chi ph u t ln, khng ph hp vi
vic trin khai i tr cho mng truy cp.

10/2011

10

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

II. Thnh phn mng AON:

Hnh 2.1: Mng quang ch ng AON

Cu hnh tham chiu ca mng truy nhp quang gm 4 module c bn sau:

u cui ng quang (OLT Optical Line Terminal)
Mng phi dy quang (ODN Optical Distribution Network)
Khi mng quang (ONU Optical Network Unit)
Module chc nng phi hp (AF Adaptation function)
2.1. Khi chc nng OLT:
Khi u cui ng quang (OLT) cung cp giao din quang gia mng v ODN,
ng thi cung cp t nht mt giao din in vi pha mng dch v. OLT c th chia
thnh dch v chuyn mch v dch v khng chuyn mch. OLT cng qun l bo hiu v
thng tin gim st iu khin n t ONU, t cung cp chc nng bo dng cho
ONU.
OLT c th lp t giao din tng i chuyn mch ni ht hoc mt v tr xa. V
mt vt l, n c th l thit b c lp, cng c th nm trong mt thit b tng th khc.
OLT gm b phn trung tm, b phn dch v v b phn chung to thnh.

10/2011

11

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

Hnh 2.2: S khi chc nng OLT

Cc chc nng ca b phn dch v: B phn dch v l u vo ca cc dch v t

nht phi c tc s cp ca ISDN v co th cung cp t nht mt dch v hoc ng thi
c th m nhn t hai loi dch v khc nhau tr ln.
Cc chc nng b phn trung tm: bao gm 3 chc nng chnh:
Chc nng ni cho s: Cung cp ni cho gia mng vi ODN trong rng
bng tn c th s dng.
Chc nng ghp knh truyn dn: Cung cp ng truyn cho dich v thu v
pht trong ODN
Chc nng giao din ODN: Chc nng ny cn c vo cc loi si quang ca
ODN cung cp cc giao din vt l, ng thi thc hin bin i in/quang v
quang/in.
Cc chc nng ca b phn chung:
Chc nng cp in: Chuyn i ngun in cung cp t bn ngoi thnh tr s
in yu cu ca ni b.

10/2011

12

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

Chc nng OAM: Thng qua giao din tng ng, thc hin s vn hnh, qun
l v bo dng (OAM) i vi tt c cc khi chc nng v ni vi qun l mng lp
trn.
2.2. Khi chc nng ONU:
Khi mng quang ONU gia ODN vi thu bao. Pha mng ca ONU c giao din
quang, pha thu bao l giao din in, do cn c chc nng bin i quang/in. ng
thi c th thc hin chc nng x l v qun l bo dng tn hiu in. ONU c th t
pha khch hng, bao gm cc b phn trung tm, b phn dch v v b phn chung.

Hnh 2.3: S khi chc nng ONU

Cc chc nng ca b phn trung tm:

Chc nng giao din in cung cp mt lot giao din quang vt l, hon thnh
vic bin i quang/in, in/quang.
Chc nng ghp knh thu bao v dch v: t hp v phn gii cc thng tin n
t cc thu bao khc nhau hoc a ti cc thu bao khc nhau.
Chc nng b phn dch v: cung cp giao din dch v khch hang, cng cung cp
chc nng chuyn i bo hiu theo giao din vt l.

10/2011

13

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

Cc chc nng ca b phn chung: Cp in v OAM. Tnh cht, chc nng b phn
chung ging nh trong OLT.
2.3. Khi chc nng ODN:
Khi mng phn phi quang (ODN) t gia ONU v OLT. Chc nng ca n l phn
phi cng sut tn hiu quang. ODN ch yu l linh kin quang khng ngun v si quang
to thnh mng phn phi ng quang th ng.

Hnh 2.4: Cu trc c bn khi phn phi quang

Mng cp quang thu bao c xc nh trong phm vi ranh gii t giao tip si
quang gia thit b ca nh cung cp dch v (thit b OLT/Switch) n thit b ti khch
hng (ONU/ONT). Mng cp quang thu bao gm cc thnh phn c bn sau:
Cp quang gc (Feeder Cable): xut pht t nh cung cp dich v (hay cn gi
l CO) ti im phn phi c gi l DP (Distribution Point).
im phn phi si quang (DP): l im kt thc ca on cp gc.
Cp quang phi (Distribution Optical Cable): xut pht t im phi quang (DP)
ti cc im truy nhp mng (AP Access Point).
im truy nhp mng (AP): l im kt cui ca cc on cp quang phi.
Cp quang thu bao (Drop Cable): xut pht t cc im truy nhp mng (AP)
ti thu bao.

10/2011

14

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

H thng qun l mng quang (FMS Fiber Management System): c s

dng bo dng v x l s c.
im qun l quang (FMP Fiber Management Point): d dng cho x l s c
v pht hin t ng.
2.4. Khi chc nng t thch nghi:
Khi chc nng t thch nghi (AF) ch yu cung cp cc chc nng phi hp ONU
vi thu bao. Khi thc hin c th n c th nm trong ONU, cng c th hon ton c
lp.

III. Cc phng thc trin khai:

Mng AON c hiu l kiu kt ni im ti im (P2P Point To Point) v AOEN
(Active Optical Ethernet Network). C hai cu hnh chnh c trin khai l: Kin trc
Home Run v kin trc Active Star Ethernet.
3.1. Kt ni Point To Point:
Cu hnh Point to Point l kt ni im im, c mt kt ni thng t nh cung cp
dch v n khch hng. Trong h thng ng quang trc tip mi si quang s kt ni
ti ch mt khch hng. V si quang l s dng ring r, nn cu hnh mng tng i n
gin ng thi do bng thng khng b chia s, tc ng truyn c th ln rt cao. Qu
trnh truyn dn trn cu trc P2P cng rt an ton do ton b qu trnh c thc hin ch
trn mt ng truyn vt l, ch c cc u cui l pht v thu d liu, khng b ln vi
cc khch hng khc. Tuy nhin cu trc ny c mt nhc im c bn m kh c th
pht trin cho quy m rng l gi thnh u t cho mt khch hng rt cao, h thng s
tr ln rt cng knh, kh khn trong vn hnh v bo dng khi s lng khch hng
tng ln.

10/2011

15

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

3.2. AOEN (Active Optical Ethernet Network):

Hnh 3.1: Mng AOEN

AOEN da vo nhng k thu t Ethernet tiu chun, s dng cp quang chuyn dng
cung cp dch v c bng thng cc i v ng b vi linh hot ti a. Active
Ethernet s dng thit b tiu chun IEEE. Cc thit b in t thng minh c t
mng bn thu bao lm n gin qu trnh khc phc s c mng. N c kh nng hot
ng khong cch trn 80 km. D tnh ton c gi thnh lp t thu bao mi v
h tr tc truyn ln n 1Gbps cho mi khch hng.
Active Ethernet c th trin khai cu hnh mng Ring s to nn ng d phng, m
bo cho dch v n nh, an ton v bo mt cao. Active Ethernet thng thng cung cp
tc chiu ln v chiu xung 100 Mbps ti mi thu bao. N cng c th cung cp tc
cao hn vi thit b u cui GbEthernet.

10/2011

16

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

3.3. Kin trc Home-Run-Fiber:

Hnh 3.2: Kin trc Home Run

Kin trc ny c cp dnh ring kt ni t tng i (CO) ti tng nh thu bao. Cc

thit b u cui ng quang (OLTs) v b cc thit b kt cui mng quang (ONTs) l
cc thit b chuyn mch hot ng mt cch ch ng, cn cp ngun in hot ng.
Cc thu bao c th cch xa 70 km t tng i CO hay t thit b u cui ng quang
(OLT), v mi thu bao c cung cp mt ng cp chuyn dng, cung cp y
bng thng hai chiu.
V lu di, Home Run Fiber l cu trc linh hot nht, tuy nhin, n c th t thu ht
hn khi tnh ti cc lp chi ph. Kin trc ny yu cu nhiu si quang, nhiu OLT v mi
nh thu bao cn mt cng OLT. Chi ph cho dy v kch thc ca b dy ti thit b kt
cui knh quang (OLT) c th khin cu trc mng ny tn km v bt tin nhiu khu
vc dch v. Trong bi bo gn, V c s h tng k thut v cnh tranh ca FTTH trung
lp, Anupam Banerjee v Marvin Sirbu ca vin nghin cu Carnegie Mellon c tnh
tng chi ph hon thnh 728 ng dy CO l $ 22.600 USD.

10/2011

17

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

3.4. Kin trc Active Star Ethernet:

Hnh 3.3: Kin trc Active Star Ethernet

Kin trc Ethernet sao tch cc (ASE - Active Star Ethernet) c bit n nh kin
trc sao kp, ASE s gim c s lng cp quang v gim gi thnh bng cch chia x
cp u ra. . Kin trc sao tch cc, node t xa s c trin khai gia CO v nh thu bao.
Mi cng OLT v cp u ra gia CO v node t xa c chia x bi bn n hng
nghn nh thu bao, ty thuc vo t l chia ca b lc qua nhng ng link phn phi
dnh ring t node t xa. Node t xa trong mng sao tch cc c th l b ghp knh
hoc l b chuyn mch. Node t xa chuyn mch tn hiu trong min in, v th
chuyn i quang sang in, in sang quang l rt cn thit node t xa. Nh vi Home
Run Fiber, ngi s dng ASE c th cch xa khong 70 km tnh t nt iu khin t
xa, v mi thu bao c cung cp mt ng cp chuyn dng, cung cp y bng
thng hai chiu. Do bng tn ca cp u ra CO b chia x gia nhiu im u cui, nn
dung lng d tha ti a sn c cho mi ngi nh ng ln v ng xung u t hn
10/2011

18

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

so vi cp n tn nh, y chnh l nhc im ca cu trc sao so vi cu trc Home

Run Fiber trn.
u im ca ASE l trin khai n gin, chi ph thp, li nhun cao, m hnh mng
n gin. ASE lm gim s lng ng dy phi trin khai, gim chi ph thng qua vic
chia s ng dy. N tng t nh cu trc mng cp ng hin nay v d dng cho cc
nh cung cp dch v c sn c s h tng. ASE cng cung cp nhng li ch ca cng
ngh tiu chun Ethernet quang, cu trc lin kt mng n gin hn v h tr mt lot
cc gii php CPE. V quan trng nht, n cung cp s linh hot rng ri cho vic pht
trin trong tng lai. ASE l mt la chn ph bin cho cc ILECs c lp, cc nh khai
thc cp v cc khu vc tin ch trong thnh ph.

IV. u im, nhc im v ng dng ca cng ngh AON:

4.1. u im:
Mng truy nhp AON c th trin khai nhanh trong thi gian ngn, trn din rng,
p ng kp thi cc yu cu ca khch hang v tc ng truyn hn hn so vi
XDSL.
Cung cp dch v cho khch hang ln, khng ph thuc vo c ly truyn dn, bo
m cht lng.
n nh cao.
D vn hnh, qun l v khai thc.
C th khai thc tng giai on, tng khu vc c th ty theo iu kin v nhu cu
ca khch hng.
p ng nhu cu v dch v cho cc vin thng tnh khi i mt vi vic cnh tranh
ca cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng khc ti Vit Nam ang trin khai mng quang
truy nhp ti khch hng v mc tiu l nhm vo cc khch hng ln.
Tm ko dy xa c th ln n 70 km m khng cn mt b lp no.

10/2011

19

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

Tnh bo mt cao (do vic can thip nghe ln trn ng truyn gn nh l khng
th).
Mi mt cp s c dnh ring cho mt thu bao nn tnh bo mt s rt cao, cng
vi l kh nng xc nh li cao, d nng cp bng thng khi cn.
4.2. Nhc im:
Chi ph trin khai AON cao do mi thu bao s dng mt si quang ring, cn nhiu
khng gian cha cp.
Yu cu rt nhiu ng cp di.
Yu cu khong cch di hn.
Yu cu ng kt ni chun v t cp ngun.
H thng phn phi ngun trn ton mng truy nhp.
Khng chia s c OLT hay cc cng quang.
Vn chuyn i quang sang in, in sang quang s lm gim cht lng truyn
dn.
AON ph hp vi vng c mt dn c thp, gi thnh cao do n khng c s
dng nhiu trong thc t .

10/2011

20

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

4.3. ng dng ca cng ngh AON:

Hnh 4.1: Cc mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Mng truy nhp si quang rt phong ph, a dch v ti khch hng bng si
quang c th thc hin cc hnh thc truy nhp nh: cp quang ti vng nng thn FTTR,
cp quang ti tn khu dn c FTTC, cp quang ti tn vn phng FTTO, cp quang ti tn
khu cng s FTTB, cp quang ti tn tng nh FTTF, cp quang ti tn nh FTTH.
Trong cu trc FTTR, FTTC, FTTF, FTTB c im ging nhau l cc si quang l si
dung chung. Si quang c t t tng i ti thit b mng quang u xa ONU v thc
hin truyn lung tn hiu chung. Thit b mng ny thng c t vo cc t thit b
trong cc cabin ti ni ph hp c th d dng ly ra t thit b ny cc knh thu bao
v phn b thun li ti mi khch hng, ngoi ra cn phi bo m vic khai thc v bo
dng tt. T ONU ti cc thu bao s l cp ng thong thng. Cu hnh ny tn dng
c bng tn si quang, gim c chi ph ban u. i vi FTTC, khong cch t ONU
ti thu bao khong 100m. Cn i vi FTTF v FTTB, khong cch ny cn ty thuc
vo khong cch t nh , thu bao, cng s ti ONU, khong cch ny ni chung l rt
gn, xp x 10m.

10/2011

21

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

FTTO v FTTH s dng si quang ring r, y si quang s c t trc tip t

tng i ti tn ngi dung v ONU ngay v tr thu bao. Tuy nhin, FTTO v FTTH i
hi gi thnh chi ph cao, cn phi xem xt c th trc khi thit k. tin ti phng n
FTTO v FTTH cn c chin lc pht trin mng v k hoch trin khai c th c
c cc bc thc hin v u t hp l.

Hnh 4.2: Mt s m hnh trin khai AON

V. Mng truy nhp quang VNPT:

5.1. Mng truy nhp quang trn th gii:
Trung Quc l th trng bng rng ln nht Chu , c khong 69,1 triu thu bao
bng rng tnh n thng 9/2008, trong c 6 triu thu bao FTTB/H (trong FTTB l
chnh). Cng ngh truy cp DSL vn thng lnh 90,9% th trng (China Telecom chim
40 triu thu bao, China Netcom chim 25 triu thu bao), cng ngh cp chim 0,4%,
FTTH/B chim n 8,7%. Trung Quc c xu hng truy cp mng tc cao vi cht
lng n nh v truyn dn i xng.

10/2011

22

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

Ti Hn Quc, h tng FTTH h tr cc dch v cao cp. Mc tiu truy cp bng rng
l cung cp truy cp tng th bng rng, cc dch v a phng tin mi ni, mi lc. Nm
2010 c khong 10 triu thu bao tc 50 100 Mbps, v 10 triu thu bao khng dy
tc thp hn 1Mbps.
Ti Nht Bn c 28,29 triu thu bao bng rng (tnh n thng 12/2007), trong bao
gm 11,329 triu l thu bao FTTH. Cng ty NTT l cng ty dn u v FTTH Nht.
NTT u t 5 ngn t Yn (47 t USD) n nm 2010 nng cp FTTH cho cc ng
dn c ca 30 triu thu bao. NTT v Tepco a gi dch v ln n 1Gbps cho php xem
TV trn FTTH.
Ti khu vc chu u, mng FTTx cng chng t tim nng pht trin. Cui nm 2007,
cng ty Deutsche Telekom ca c chim ti 8 triu thu bao trong nc so vi con s 2,9
triu vo gia nm 2006. Ton cnh s pht trin h thng FTTx ti khu vc chu u tnh
n cui nm 2007 ch ra rng th trng FTTH cn tip tc pht trin mnh ti khu vc
ny. c bit, trong nhm cc dch v gia nh th con s tng trng khong 79%. Vi
hn mt triu thu bao FTTH/B vo cui nm 2007, chu u l th trng ng th 3 sau
M (2 triu thu bao FTTH) v Nht Bn (11 triu thu bao FTTH/B).
Ti M, FTTH l gii php duy nht i vi cc cng ty cung cp dch v ni ht.
Tnh n cui qu 2 nm 2008, cng ty Verzon c ti 2 triu thu bao FTTH. Cui qu
3 nm 2007, cng ty Verizon vt qua con s 8,5 triu thu bao FTTH. Nm 2010, cng
ty ny t c s lng l 18 triu thu bao FTTH.
Nh vy, h thng cp quang cung cp cc dch v vin thng cho cc h gia nh
trong hn 10 nm qua. S thu bao s dng dch v FTTH mi ch t 12 triu v 62 triu
thu bao khc s dng cc dch v FTTB, FTTC hoc FTTN. S lng thu bao ca dch

10/2011

23

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

v FTTH trn phm vi ton th gii mi t 0.07 t thu bao. S lng ngi s dng dch
v vin thng truy cp vo mng ch mi mc khi im v con s cc thit b cho h
thng ny cng kh khim tn. Tuy nhin ng trn quan im ca cc nh sn xut, mt
xu hng mi c a ra lm thay i th trng cp quang vin thng th gii trong
lnh vc ny.
Chng ta c th thy rng th trng FTTx ni chung v FTTH ni ring l y tim
nng. Khng ch nhng nc pht trin nh Nht Bn, m c nhng nc ang pht trin
khc nhu cu ng truyn tc cao nh FTTH cng l rt ln. Ti Vit Nam, th trng
FTTx cng v cng si ng.
5.2. Mng truy nhp quang Vit Nam:
Trong nhng nm gn y, vi cc c im vt tri v bng thng, tc v cht
lng dch v so vi cng ngh mng truy nhp cp ng, cng ngh mng truy nhp cp
quang m ra xu hng mi nhm cung cp cc dch v bng rng cho khch hng. Mt
khc, nng cao kh nng cnh tranh ca doanh nghip trn th trng dch v bng
rng, cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng ln nh: VNPT, FPT, Viettel gp rt trin
khai cc h thng mng truy nhp quang trn cng ngh AON (Active Optical Network),
GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network), nhm cung cp cc dch v bng rng, dch
v FTTx (Fiber To The X) tc cao, cht lng n nh n nh khch hng bng cp
quang.
n thi im hin nay, cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng ln trin khai cc gi
dch v FTTx thng qua cp quang vo nh thu bao trn cng ngh AON v GPON
cung cp dch v cho khch hng trn phm vi ton quc.
Hin nay, Vit Nam c mt s nh cung cp dch v FTTH sau :
10/2011

24

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

Thng 8/2006 FPT Telecom chnh thc tr thnh n v u tin cung cp loi
hnh dch v tin tin ny.
Ngy 1/5/2009, VNPT cung cp dch v Internet FTTH trn cp quang vi tc
cao n 20Mbps/20Mbps. Cc chi nhnh ca VNPT ti cc tnh thnh cng pht trin mt
cch rm r.
Ngy 15/05/2009, Viettel chnh thc trin khai cung cp dch v truy nhp
Internet FTTH Cp quang siu tc nhm phc v khch hng doanh nghip m dch
v truy cp Internet hin ti (ADSL v Leased Line) cha p ng c v tc v chi
ph s dng.
Ngy 10/4/2010, CMCTI chnh thc khai trng dch v FTTH. y l cng ty
u tin ti Vit Nam trin khai loi hnh FTTH da trn chun GPON l chun tin tin
nht hin nay.
Nhng thng k trn cho thy cc nh cung cp dch v Internet hng u Vit Nam
v ang ra sc xy dng v trin khai h thng mng cho cng ngh FTTx. Mc d chi ph
lp t ban u cn cao nhng dch v FTTH s dn ph bin hn m trc ht l hng
n mt s i tng khch hng nh cc doanh nghip, cng ty, cc qun game
5.3. Mng truy nhp quang VNPT:
Hin nay, VNPT ch yu s dng mng quang tch cc vi cng ngh SDH, vi cu
hnh Ring v im-im vi nhng c im sau:
1. Mc thm nhp cp quang hin nay cn hn ch, ch yu mc m rng phm vi
tng i nh cc h thng mng truy nhp quang DLC kt ni gia tng i n khi chuyn
mch t xa (RSU-Remote Switching Unit). Cc h thng ny ch yu s dng cng ngh

10/2011

25

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

quang SDH tch cc vi cu hnh Ring hoc im-im. Mt s h thng truy nhp quang m
rng v pha thu bao v c giao din V5.2 nh FSX2000 ca Fujitsu, AN2000, Honet,
Faslink ca Siemens, Slic 240 ca lucentTuy nhin, phn truyn dn ca cc h thng ny
vn trn c s cng ngh PDH, SDH tch cc, v chng c kh nng cung cp cc knh E1
hoc n x 64.
2. Cu hnh Ring (Phn tp cp trn cng mt cp Ring dt) v im-im.
Cu hnh Ring:

Hnh 5.1: Cu hnh vng (ring)

Cu hnh ring l s kt ni ca 3 hay nhiu hn cc nt ADM bi mt cp si quang

to thnh mt vng kn.Cu hnh ny cho php ti a 16 ADM kt ni vi nhau qua 2 si hoc
4 si quang. Cu hnh ring c kh nng duy tr mng (hay con gi l t hi phc) khi t cp
ti mt im bt k hoc hng mt ADM bt k bng cch to ng vu hi.

10/2011

26

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

Cu hnh im-im:

Hnh 5.2: Cu hnh mng im ni im

Cu hnh im ni im bao gm 2 thit b ghp u cui (TRM) c kt ni trc

tip hoc qua cc thit bi lp REG bng mt cp si quang. V dc theo h thng khng c cc
nt trung gian, ch c 2 nt u cui nn dung lng tng thp. Hn na khi cp b t th
thong tin b gin on.
3. Ch bo v 1+1:

Hnh 5.3: M hnh bo v 1+1

Ring thuc loi USHR (Ring n hng) bo v mc lung. USHR gm c:

2F USHR/P v 2F USHR/L.

10/2011

27

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

Hnh 5.4: Chuyn mch bo v trong 2F USHR/P

Hnh 5.5: Chuyn mch bo v trong 2F USHR/L

Ch 1+1 bo v on ghp knh i vi cu hnh im-im.

Hiu qu dung lng nh hn hoc bng 50%. V th, c th thit lp lung khng
bo v lm tng dung lng ca h thng.
C kh nng chng li 1 s c nt trn tuyn.
4. Cc chng loi thit b ch yu c trin khai l AN2000, Honet, FLX150/600,
FSX2000 ca Fujitsu, SMA ca Siement, TN-1X ca Nortel
10/2011

28

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

5. Cht lng m bo BER = 10

BER (Bit Error Rate) c tnh bng t s s bit li trn s bit truyn i.
6. ng b ca mng ch yu c phn b t nt tng i chnh. ng b mng nhm
mc ch ng chnh thi gian v tn s ca tt c ng h nh kh nng thng tin ca cc
tuyn kt ni gia chng.
7. Giao din nhnh mc E1, E3, DS3, E4, STM-1(VC-4).
8. Kt ni vi cc h thng khc ch yu mc E1.
9. Mt s h thng c cu trc ghp knh theo c ETSI v ANSI nh Jujitsu-cho php
lung VC-3 nhn giao din E3(34Mb/s) hoc DS3(45Mb/s)
10. H thng c qun l v iu khin thng qua phn mm mc u cui. Vic thit
lp lung cha c t ng, cn c s tham gia ca nh khai thc.
Mng truy nhp quang ca VNPT v ang c xy dng theo hng quang ho, l
chin lc ng n tng bc hin i ho mng li. Tuy nhin vic la chn cng ngh
truy nhp l ht sc kh khn.

KT LUN
Cng ngh truy nhp quang vi nhng u th vt tri ang dn dn thay th cng
ngh truy nhp cp ng. Mi cng ngh truy nhp quang u c nhng u nhc im

10/2011

29

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

ring. Vic la chn cng ngh truy nhp no cn ty thuc vo nhiu yu t. Tuy nhin
xu hng trong tng lai s trin khai mng FTTx theo GPON.
i vi cc nh cung cp dch v Internet, thay v trin khai nhng mng bt i xng
trc y th h cng phi trin khai nhng m hnh mng i xng v nhng c s h
tng mi c th h tr nhu cu a dng ca khch hng. Thc t ny khin nh cung cp
dch v phi trin khai ng thi c cng ngh PON p ng cho khu vc dn c v
AOEN m bo dch v cho nhng khch hng i hi ng truyn cht lng cao,
i xng v an ton.
Vi nm ti, cp quang vn cha th thay th hon ton c cp ng. Vic tn ti
song song gia cp ng v cp quang vn l iu hin nhin. Trong qu trnh chuyn i,
nh mng cn c gii php qun l c c cp ng v cp quang mt cch hiu qu.
Mt khc, nh cung cp dch v cng phi trin khai song song nhiu cng ngh truy cp
quang khc nhau p ng nhu cu th trng.
c im quan trng ca cc h thng vin thng l cc thit b u cui thay i rt
nhanh chng nhng nhng c s h tng mng th phi tn ti t 15 n 20 nm. Do la
chn gii php no l iu rt quan trng i vi cc nh cung cp dch v cng nh nhng
k s thit k h thng mng.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Ths.Dng Th Thanh T, bi ging Mng v cc cng ngh truy nhp, ti liu
ging dy Hc vin CNBCVT, 6-2010.

10/2011

30

Tm hiu cng ngh AON

Nhm 9 Lp D08VT2

2. TS.Cao Phn v Ths.Cao Hng Sn, bi ging Ghp knh tn hiu s, Hc vin
Cng Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng, H Ni 2007.
3. TS.v Vn San, H thng thng tin quang tp 2, NXB Bu in, H Ni 12/2003.
4. http://www.slideshare.net/m1chaelangelo/aon-vs-pon
5. http://pnrl.stanford.edu/workshop_2011/Session%204/4AdvancedinAON.pdf
6. http://members.westnet.com.au/wizard/active_vs_pon_a_wp.pdf

7. http://www.pcworld.com.vn/articles/cong-nghe/cong-nghe/2010/12/1222568/aonva-pon-la-gi/
8. http://vntelecom.org/diendan/showthread.php?t=71

10/2011

31