2. Series and parallel combinations of capacitors work the opposite way as they do for resistors, (Example 7.8) Since capacitors and inductors are linear elements, KVL, KCL, superposition, ‘Thévenin’s and Norton's theorems, and nodal and ‘mesh analysis apply to their circuits as well. (Example 7.9) 4 Acapacitor as the Jeedback element in an inverting op amp leads to ‘an output voltage proportional to the integral of the input voltage. ‘Swapping the input resistor and the feedback capacitor leads to an output voltage proportional to the derivative of the input voltage (Example 7.10) 2 PSpice allows us to set the initial voltage across a capacitor, and the initial current through an inductor. A transient analysis provides details, of the time-dependent response of circuits containing these types of elements, (Example 7.11) READING FURTHER A detailed guide to characteristics and selection of various capacitor and inductor types can be found in: H. B. Drexler, Passive Electronic Component Handbook, 2nd ed. C.A. Harper, ed, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003, pp. 69-208. C.J. Kaiser, The Inductor Handbook, 2nd ed, Olathe, Kans.: C.J. Publish: ing, 1996. ‘Two books that describe capacitor-based op amp circuits are: R, Mancini (ed.), Op Amps Are For Everyone, 2nd ed, Amsterdam Newnes, 2003 W.G. Jung, Op Amp Cookbook, 3rded. Upper Saale River, NJ Prentice-Hall, 1997, EXERCISES 71 The Capacitor |. Making use of the passive sign convention, determine the current flowing through 4220 nF capacitor for = 0 its voltage vc) is given by (a) ~3.35 Vi (0) 1624" V6) $08 0.014 Vs (d) $49 im .08¢ V 2. Sketch the eurtent Mowing ough a 13 pF capacitor for 1 = O asa result of waveforms shown in Fig, 740. Assume the pasive sign convention ow) “oy @ FIGURE 740(CHAPTER 7. APROTORS AND INDUCTORS 3.(a) I the voltage waveform depicted in Fig. 741 is applied across the termi nals of «1 2 electrolytic capacitor, graph the resulting current, assuming the passive sign convention (b) Repeat par (a) if the capacitor is replaced with a 1755 pF capacitor. ow 18) FIGURE 741 A capacitor is constructed from two copper plates, exch measuring 1 mm X 2.5 mm and 155 jum thick. The two plates are placed such that they face each ‘ther and ate separated by a 1 jun gap. Calculate the resulting capacitance if sctic has permitvity of 1.35ey;(b) the intervening lolecsic bas a pormitivity of 3.579; (c) the plate separation is increased by 3.5 jam andthe gap is filled with air, (4) the plate area is doubled and the 1 jm gap is filled wits ai 5. Two pieces of gadolinium, each measuring 100 jum x 750 jum and 604 nm thick, are used to construct a capacitor The two plates are arranged such that they face each other and are separated by 2 100 nm pap. Calculate the reslting capacitance if (a) the intervening dielectric has a permativity of 13.8¢p; (6) the intervening dielectric has a permitivity of SO0eo; (c) the plate separation is increased by 100 nna and the ga is filled with ai; (d) the plate area is quadew pled and the 100 nm gap is filled with ait, Design a 100 aF capacitor constructed from | jm thick gold fol, and whieh fits entirely within & volume equal to that of a standard AAA battery, if the only iolectsic available has a permitivity of 3.1¢y Design a capacitor whose capacitance can be varied mechanically with a simple vertical motion, between the values of 100 a and 300 a Design a capacitor whose capacitance can be varied mechanically over the range of SO nF and 100 nF by rotating & knob 90°, 9, Asilicon pn junction diode is characterized by a junction capacitance defined as Kuro ww where K; = 11.8 for silicon, sp isthe vacuum permittivity, A= the cross sectional area ofthe junction, and W is known a8 the depletion width ofthe junction, Width W depends not only on how the diode is fabricate, bat also on the voltage applied to its two terminals, It ean be computed using Mae aw ‘Ths, diodes are frequently uted in electronic circuits, since they can be thought of as voltage-controlled capacitors. Assuming parameter values of N= 10! om, Yq, =0.57V, and using g = 1.6 x 10" C, calculate the ‘capacitance of « diade with eross-sectional area A — 1 jam x1 jm at applied voltages of Vy = —1, -5, and —10 volts, 10, Assuming the passive sign convention, sketch the voltage which develops across the terminals of a2.5 F capacitar in response tothe current wavelorms shown in ig, 7.82, w Ws VadsO) wow 19) @ © core) © sm FIGURE 7.42 1 The eurcent flowing through a 33 mF capacitors shown graphically in Fig. 7.43 (a) Assuming the passive sign convention, sketch the resulting vellage waveform cross the device. (4) Compute the vellage at 300 ms, 600 ms, and I L L L L 0 02 04 06 Of 10 12 1a FIGURE 743. 12, Caleulate the energy stored in a capacitor at time 1 = 1 sif @) C = 1.4F and ve = 8 V1 = 0: (b) C = 23.5 pF and ve = 0.8 V,1 = 0; (0) C = 17 aK ve(1) = 12, ve(0) = 2N5 and we) = 295 nl 13, A137 pF capacitors connected toa voltage source such that uct) = 12e-2V. 1 > Oand vets) = 12 V,1 «0, Calculate the energy stored inthe capacitor at + equal to (a) 0; (B) 200 ms; (e) 500 ms (d) 1s, Calculate the power dissipated in the 40 resistor and the voltage labeled vc ineach of the cicuits depicted in Fig. 7.44, aoa + 98 mk S) 2a we =oamr iv) 2a “on FIGURE 744(CHAPTER 7. APROTORS AND INDUCTORS 15. For each cireuit shown in Fig. 745, calculate the voltage labeled ve wa - x wa pe t 3m iz asma(H) was 70S 50S asaa(t oe ans sa FIGURE 745, 72 The inductor 16, Design a 30 nf inductor using 29 AWG satid soft copper wire, Include Fees S sour den an ae cometea emette a neces fr ay Assume the col is filled with air only. 17.t¢ the current owing through 275 mH inductor has the waveform shown in Fig. 7.46, (a) sketch the voltage which develops across the inductor terminals for 0, assuming the passive sign convention; and () calculate the volage atr= 15,295, and 31 a 113 ww) sm FIGURE 74 18, The curent through # 17 nl aluminum inductor is shown in Fig. 7.47, Sketch he resulting vellage waveloem for f > 0, assuming the passive sign convention 19, Determine the voltage for = O which develops across the terminals of a4.2 mH inductor if the eurent (defined consistent with the passive sign conveation) is (@) =10 mA; (B) 3sin6s A; (e) 1 + 115V/Zcos( L001 — 9°) A;(@) 13e™! aA (arte ™A. 20, Determine the vollage fort > 0 which develops across the terminals of an FIGURE 747 8 pHT inductor, if the current (defined consistent with the passive sign convention) is (a) 8 mA; (5) 800 mA; (0) 8A; (d) 4e™! A; (@) ~3-4 te A, 21. Calculate vp and iz for each ofthe cizcuits depicted in Fig. 748,04, = L mA, and vy =2.1 Hus) «Q aadi AG on ~ 47k ~ FIGURE