BP Hazard Identification Task Risk Assessment

BP Pakistan Exploration & Production, Inc.
Rev. No.
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & TASK RISK ASSESSMENT
DOCUMENT CONTROL
Revision Record
Revision
No.
Revision
Date
Section / Page
Description & Reason for amendment
Dec. 05,
2005
Various
To bring in line with CoW Standard, revised

PTW procedure, and in response to various
audits recommendations & feedbacks. Also
the risk evaluation criteria have been
modified to 5 x 5 matrix.
August
18, 2007
Various
To clarify sections relating to Roles,

Responsibilities,
Accountabilities
and
Competencies to further align with the CoW
Standard and to incorporate the Group
HITRA Draft Guidelines.
Document No.:
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Issue Date:
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 3
2.0
PURPOSE AND SCOPE .............................................................................................. 3
3.0
LINKAGE WITH OTHER PROCEDURES AND STANDARDS ................................... 3
4.0
DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................... 4
5.0
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES .............................................................................. 5
6.0
TRAINING AND COMPETENCY ................................................................................. 7
7.0
HITRA PROCESS OVERVIEW .................................................................................... 9
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.10
8.11
8.12
8.13
8.14
8.15
8.16
8.17
8.18
8.19
8.20
8.21
PROCEDURE ............................................................................................................ 10
WORK REQUEST.......................................................................................................... 11
CHECK TASK CATEGORY ............................................................................................. 11
PERFORM LEVEL-1 TRA.............................................................................................. 11
DEFINE TASK PARAMETERS ......................................................................................... 12
PERFORM LEVEL-2 TRA.............................................................................................. 12
FORM TRA TEAM ........................................................................................................ 12
BREAK DOWN OF TASK INTO ACTIVITIES ...................................................................... 14
IDENTIFY HAZARDS ...................................................................................................... 14
IDENTIFY HAZARD EFFECTS (CONSEQUENCES) ............................................................ 14
DEFINE RISK RATING ................................................................................................... 15
IDENTIFY CONTROLS.................................................................................................... 18
CONTROLS ADEQUATE ................................................................................................ 21
RESIDUAL RISK ACCEPTABLE ...................................................................................... 22
AGREEMENT ON RISKS AND CONTROLS ....................................................................... 22
DOCUMENT AND RECORD ............................................................................................ 22
REVIEW OF TRA.......................................................................................................... 23
COMMUNICATION ......................................................................................................... 23
IMPLEMENT CONTROLS ................................................................................................ 22
CARRY OUT THE TASK................................................................................................. 24
MONITOR FOR CONDITION CHANGE .............................................................................. 24
RECORD LESSONS LEARNED ....................................................................................... 24
APPENDIX 1 - TASK RISK ASSESSMENT FLOWCHART................................................. 25

APPENDIX 2 - TASK CATEGORIZATION CHART ............................................................. 25
APPENDIX 3 - HAZARD CHECKLIST ................................................................................. 27
APPENDIX 4 - RISK ASSESSMENT SAMPLE.................................................................... 32
APPENDIX 5 - TRA FORM ................................................................................................... 35
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1.0
INTRODUCTION
Pre-job risk assessment is a key element of the BP Group Standard for the Control of
Work (Element 5 Assess and manage the risks), the BP Golden Rules of Safety
(Getting the Basics Right) as well as the Getting HSE Right Management Framework
(Element 2 Risk Assessment and Management).
The identification and control of risk is an essential pre-requisite to ensure safe
execution of work activity and secure compliance with the requirements of health
and safety legislation. The process comprises the following three basic stages:
hazard identification identifying hazards which could cause harm.
risk assessment assessing the risk that may arise from hazards.
risk control deciding on suitable measures to eliminate or control risk.
The Control of Work Group Standard states that:

Tasks shall not be conducted without being risk assessed.
This document is intended to provide the information and guidance to develop the
systems necessary to effectively identify the hazards and manage the risks
associated with work activities.
2.0
PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The purpose of this procedure is to provide guidelines to the user of Hazard
Identification and Task Risk Assessment (HITRA) within Pakistan Performance Unit
Operations. The procedure shall be used to identify the potential hazards, assess the
risks involved and identify the controls and precautions necessary to reduce the risk
to as low as reasonable practicable (ALARP) level before undertaking the work
safely.
This procedure shall apply to all operations of BP Pakistan, and also to its contractors
and sub-contractors where procedure does not exist. This procedure shall be used
for Level 1 and Level 2 tasks to mitigate potential hazards by assessing the risks
involved in carrying out the task and providing controls to reasonably practicable
level.
3.0
LINKAGE WITH OTHER PROCEDURES AND STANDARDS

This procedure has linkages with the following procedures, rules, standards and
regulations.
a) BP Group Standard for the Control of Work (Element 5)
b) BP Getting HSE Right Management Framework (Element 2)
c) BP Golden Rules of Safety (Getting the Basics Right)
d) BP Pakistan Procedure on Permit to Work (PRO/SFTY/005)
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4.0
TERMINOLOGY
Hazard
The potential or condition to cause harm, including ill health and injury,
damage to property, plant, products or the environment, production losses or
increased liabilities.
Hazard Effect
[Consequence]
The harm or consequence which takes place due to the realization of the
hazard.
Probability
Likelihood of an event occurring, and resulting in specified Hazard Effect or

consequence.
Risk
The likelihood that a specified undesired event will occur due to the
realization of a hazard by, or during, work activities or by the products and
services created by work activities. Risk is the combination of the Hazard
Effect (Consequence) and Probability (likelihood of its occurrence).Risk =
Hazard Effect (Consequence) x Probability (Likelihood of Occurrence).
Control
Control is the reduction in the level of risk by applying suitable safety

measures.
ALARP
To reduce a risk to a level, which is "as low as reasonably practicable" and

involves balancing reduction in risk against the time, trouble, difficulty, and
the cost of achieving it.
Competency
The system to provide the information, instruction, training, and supporting

communication's effort needed to meet the task needs.
Planning
Is used to describe the process by which the objectives and methods of

implementing the health and safety policy are decided. It is concerned of
allocating resources to achieve objectives and decide priorities. It ranges from
general topics dealing with the direction of the whole organization to detailed
issues concerned with standards setting and the control of specific risks.
Measuring
The collection of information about the implementation and effectiveness of

plans and standards. This involves a variety of checking or monitoring
activities.
Task Risk
Assessment
Also known as JSA (Job Safety Analysis) or JHA (Job Hazard Analysis). It is an
organized and systematic effort to identify and analyze the significance of
potential hazards of each manageable task associated with the materials,
equipment, instrumentation, utilities, human actions (routine and non-routine),
and external factors that might impact the process. (This is done by breaking
the activity into manageable tasks) and then to identify suitable controls to
ensure risks are reduced to an acceptable level and document risk
assessment results.
Residual Risk
The Risk remaining after applying Control measures, and carrying out a reassessment of HE rating and Probability.
Auditing
The structured process of collecting independent information on the

efficiency, effectiveness and reliability of the total safety management
system and drawing up plans for corrective action.
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5.0
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

The roles and associated responsibilities required to successfully deliver the HITRA
process are described below. The roles and responsibilities described under each job
title must be assigned to suitably competent, trained, knowledgeable and
authoritative personnel for the HITRA process to work successfully. The necessary
trainings and competencies required to effectively fulfil these roles and
responsibilities are elaborated in Section 6.0 of this procedure.
5.1
Single Point Accountable Person(s) (SPA)

Operations Manager shall be the SPA for all field operations whereas the Support
Services Team Leader shall be the SPA for the Karachi and Islamabad Offices.
The SPA person shall be responsible for giving assurance to BPP Management that
the correct procedure is being followed. He is the operational custodian of the HITRA
procedure and is responsible for its up gradation, training and operation. He is the
principal resource to provide support and advice on HITRA procedure and its
implementation.
He will be responsible for:
5.2
Ensuring that a Risk Assessment process is in place and is being followed

consistently at the site / premises.
Reviewing and auditing the risk assessment process to ensure that the standard
of risk assessments is maintained and areas of improvement are identified and
implemented.
Approve any reviews / updates / revisions in the HITRA procedure in the light of
experience gained and lessons learned.
Ensuring a process is in place to manage the appointment of competent persons

to act as Authorising Signatories for Level 1 and Level 2 Risk Assessments.

to act as Level 1 Risk Assessment Completers.

to act as Level 2 Risk Assessment Team Leaders.
Assisting and advising all users of the HITRA procedure in its correct
interpretation and implementation and maintenance of the HITRA system.
Level 1 HITRA Completer

This role is performed by those carrying out the work activity or Performing
Authorities. The main responsibilities for this role are:
Complete Level 1 Risk Assessments where required.
Ensure that adequate consultation has taken place (typically with the Area
Authority and/or Permit Issuer).
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5.3
Ensure that appropriate authorisation has been obtained prior to the

commencement of work.
Level 2 HITRA Team Leader

This role is normally performed by a person belonging to the Performing Team and
being in a senior supervisory position with appropriate training and certification of the
HITRA process as well as sufficient experience in the task to be performed. The main
responsibilities for the Level - 2 HITRA Team Leader are:
5.4
Lead the Team responsible in performing a Level 2 HITRA to the process

described in this document. Refer to Section 7.0.
Ensure the team understands the assessment process and what it is trying to
achieve.
Take responsibility for maintaining the quality of the Risk Assessment and ensure
that the assessment team includes personnel with all the necessary knowledge
and competence for the task involved.
Ensure the Risk Assessment includes a worksite visit.
Ensure that all members of the Risk Assessment team have a full opportunity to
contribute and that the details of the assessment are agreed by all team
members.
Ensure that the details of the assessment are accurately recorded.
Level 2 HITRA Team Member

Level 2 HITRA Team Members include representatives from the Performing Team
as well as any additional members who can contribute to the Risk Assessment
Process by virtue of their specialized knowledge and skills or relevant prior work
experience. The responsibilities of the individual team members are to:
5.5
Actively participate in the Risk Assessment process.
Help identify hazards and control measures to remove or reduce the likelihood of
an incident/accident happening.
Ensure they agree with the overall Risk Assessment before approval and that
risks have been reduced as low as reasonably practicable.
People Carrying out the Work

The responsibilities of the people carrying out the work are to:
Understand the hazards and control measures associated with the task.
Participate and contribute in the pre-job toolbox talk / safety meeting.
Actively monitor the worksite and surroundings for change.
Stop the job at any time they are concerned about safety.
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5.5
Stop the job if they identify a hazard not recorded on the Risk Assessment and
Permit to Work or Procedure.
Carry out work as defined in the Risk Assessment and Permit to Work or
Procedure.
HITRA Authorizing Signatories

The SPA Person (or delegated nominee) will appoint personnel competent to
authorize completed Level 1 and Level 2 Risk Assessments. For Work Control
Activities, this role would normally be performed by the Permit Issuer. For non Work
Control Activities, this role would be performed by the Area Authority or his
representative.
A person authorising a Level 1 Risk Assessment will:
Decide whether the risks can be controlled adequately by the proposed means,
taking into account the controls required by any relevant local procedure and the
competence of the person in charge.
Initiate the need to complete a Level 2 Risk Assessment if they are not
completely assured that the risks will be adequately controlled and believes a
more rigorous risk assessment is required.
A person authorising a Level 2 Risk Assessment will:
Accept the level of residual risk.
Confirm that the risk assessment was carried out by a team with the appropriate
level of expertise.
Confirm that the risk assessment team has taken appropriate guidance on health,
safety and environmental legislation and consequent limits on operation (e.g.,
environmental consents).
6.0
TRAINING AND COMPETENCY
6.1
Training
HITRA methodologies are not complex, but they do rely on wide work-related
underpinning knowledge and experience. This includes experience of:
relevant hazards
realistic consequences
good quality and effective controls
All personnel involved in the HITRA process should undertake the following basic
training:
definitions hazard, risk, consequences, likelihood, controls, hierarchy of

controls, risk matrix
the principles of TRA and the process used
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when to conduct Level 1 and 2 Risk Assessments
other types of Risk Assessment generic, JSA, quantified, major hazard,

environmental, etc
Risk Assessment tools e.g. checklists
expectations of Team members - need to contribute personal experience, reach

agreement or record divergent views
responsibilities after TRA is completed at task location, identifying changes, etc
Before selection for training, Level 2 HITRA Team Leaders should be able to
demonstrate wide knowledge of the work environment and relevant tasks. Although
checklists and other generic tools are available, the Team Leader has to use these
with informed judgement.
6.2
Proven Competency / Certification

All personnel involved in the use of the HITRA process or procedures shall be trained
and / or assessed as competent to the appropriate level as elaborated in the
following training grid.
Role
1-day Awareness Training
2-day Training + Certification
Level 1 HITRA
Completer
Yes
No
Level 2 HITRA Team

Leader
No
Yes
Level 2 HITRA Team

Member
Yes
No
HITRA Authorizing
Signatories
No
Yes
The required competency of all relevant personnel should be confirmed during the
planning process for a particular task. The SPA Person (or delegated nominee) should
ensure that new personnel have the required competencies properly certified from
acceptable source or third parties.
Having undergone the appropriate training and having been assessed competent to
carry out the relevant duties, Authorised Signatories and Level 2 Risk Assessment
Team Leaders can only take on these roles when they have been duly certified and
authorised.
6.3
Records
Records of attendance
reference/verification.
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and
competency
Issue Date:
should
be
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filed
for
future
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6.4
Reassessment and Refresher Training

For those considered experienced, re-assessment of competence should occur at a
frequency of not more than 2 years. If someone is absent from an operational role in
the HITRA system for more than 12 months, they should undergo both refresher
training and competence reassessment.
7.0
HITRA PROCESS OVERVIEW

The BP Golden Rules Getting the Basics Right and the Control of Work Group
Standard, Element 5 require application of the risk assessment principles. The three
key steps in risk assessment are:
1. Identify the hazards.
2. Evaluate the hazards - decide who or what might be harmed and how.
3. Mitigate the hazards - assess the risks against a standard/benchmark and decide
whether the hazard can be removed, substituted or controlled.
Task Risk Assessment is a tool for reducing the probability and consequence of
accidents at work. Therefore, all work/tasks should be analyzed to identify the
hazards present, assess the risks involved, and identify the controls necessary to
undertake the work safely.
The number and varieties of tasks carried out within BP are very large and there is a
correspondingly wide range of risks involved. This means that, for practical reasons,
the extent of assessment of any particular case has to be balanced against the type
of risk so that the greatest effort is focused in the areas of most severe risk.
Consequently, the TRA has been divided into two levels i.e. Level 1 and Level 2.
7.1
Level-1
Level 1 is a broad overview of the task by a competent person(s) typically the
Performing Authority to identify all significant hazards involved and appropriate
controls which are required to let the job to proceed.
A Level-1 Task Risk Assessment involves a review of the task by the performing
person in consultation with his Team Leader, Superintendent or Supervisor or Area
Authority to identify the hazards associated with the task and appropriate control
measures required for managing these hazards. The Team Leader, Superintendent or
Supervisor must decide whether the risks can be controlled adequately by the
proposed means, taking into account the controls required by any relevant procedure
and the competence of the person-in-charge. Once the task is identified as low risk,
it shall be forwarded for approval to proceed. If the Team Leader, Superintendent or
Supervisor is not completely assured that the risks will be adequately controlled by
proposed means and are medium or high risks, he shall ask for level-2 task risk
assessment.
Level 1 TRA must be carried out for the following:
(a)
All new activities.
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(b)
All jobs at planning and design stage.
(c)
Repeated activities, if condition is changed.
(d)
Annual review of TRAs for repeated activities.
A new risk assessment will not be required for every task. Where a task has
previously been assessed and/or is covered by a procedure, it may not need a new
risk assessment. Where this is the case, the previous assessment or procedure
should be reviewed to ensure that the hazards and controls are still relevant and that
any site or job specific controls are identified. If condition is changed or an incident
occurs while the procedure or previously assessed TRA is in use, the whole
procedure, including the risk assessment, must be reviewed before it is re-issued.
For low risk tasks performed by competent people, no formal recorded risk
assessment is required as it is covered by the individuals competency and skill.
7.2
Level- 2
Level 2 is a more structured semi-quantitative assessment which is required when
competent person judges that there are greater hazards or complexities associated
with the task which require more rigorous assessment. A Level 2 TRA is carried out
by a team.
The following are considered high-risk activities that require level 2 TRA, written
procedures, and Permit to Work (PTW) as well:
a)
Confined Space Entry including vessel / tank cleaning, sandblasting or desludging.
b)
Trench Excavation or pit more than 4 feet deep or other ground penetration
such as piling.
c)
Working at height, including erection of scaffolding or structures, where

serious injury is likely in case of a fall (2m is normally taken as the guide
height, where the fall would be onto flat ground, but lower heights will be
relevant where a fall would be onto other surfaces)
d)
Hot work in Hazardous Areas.
e)
Failure to meet minimum isolations requirement.
f)
Complex and complicated lifting operations involving multiple suspensions or

lifting over live plant.
g)
High potential source of ignition.
h)
Any activities involving potential exposure to H2S.
i)
Where multiple protective devices are removed or inhibited from a system.
j)
Simultaneous operations like well operation adjacent to operating plant.
k)
Mud plugging and hot tapping for tanks or main oil & gas lines.
l)
Planned deviation from an existing policy, procedure or practice.
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8.0
m)
Waste Management (Handling and disposal of NORM wastes, asbestos etc).
n)
Road transportation of crude oil / condensate.
o)
Any other activities where risk assessment is medium and high.
HITRA PROCEDURE
The first part of the procedure is to establish what it will involve, once the task is
identified. The initial appraisal should identify the need of special safety assessment
and identify at the outset, if it is obvious that the task cannot be carried out safely. If
the hazards are not reconciled at this stage, the task should be rejected or redefined.
The Task Risk Assessment procedure is shown in the flow chart (Appendix-1) and
following sections give guideline to each stage of the process.
8.1
Work Request
Work request can be in the form of written or verbal request to carry out any work.
The originator of the work request can be from any department of Pakistan PU.
8.2
Check Task Category

Once the parameters of a task are defined, the task should be categorized in either
Level 1 or Level 2 as defined in section 7.0. (See also Appendix-2 Task
Categorization Chart).
8.3
Perform Level-1 TRA

A Level 1 TRA involves a review of the task by the performing person in consultation
with another authorised and competent person this would typically be the Area
Authority and/or Line Supervisor. The review purpose is to identify and agree the
hazards associated with the task and appropriate control measures required for
managing these hazards. The Authorised Signatory must decide whether the risks
can be controlled adequately by the proposed means, taking into account the
requirements of any relevant procedure and the competence of the performing
person. The Level 1 TRA will need to be recorded. Typically, for work being
controlled using a permit, the Level 1 TRA will be incorporated directly into the
permit document. Otherwise, a suitable record of the task, identified hazards,
controls, authorisation, etc. should be completed.
When the task is considered to have an acceptably low risk, it shall be approved to
proceed using the agreed controls. However, if the Authorised Signatory is not
completely assured that the risks will be adequately controlled by the proposed
means, they shall ask for a more detailed, Level 2 Task Risk Assessment to be
carried out.
A new risk assessment will not necessarily be required for every task, as routine
tasks could be covered by a generic risk assessment or a procedure (as long as that
procedure is based on a documented risk assessment). Also a non-routine task may
have previously been assessed. For such tasks, the previous assessment may be
reviewed to ensure that the hazards and controls are still relevant and that any
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necessary location-specific and time-specific controls are included. If conditions have

changed, the RA should be reviewed and revised before it is re-used.
The Team Leader, Superintendent or Supervisor must decide whether the risks can
be controlled adequately by the proposed means, taking into account the controls
required by any relevant local procedure and the competence of the person in
charge.
If the Team Leader, Superintendent or Supervisor is not completely assured that the
risks will be controlled adequately by these measures and feels a more rigorous
assessment is required, then he must inform the performing person of the work and
request a Level 2 Assessment.
8.4
Define Task Parameters

When a work request is received, the task parameters should be defined clearly to
determine exactly what the task would involve. This is the responsibility of the site
supervisor i.e. the person responsible for seeing that work is carried out. In case of
tasks at design stage, Project Team Leader / Project Engineer / MOC coordinator is
responsible.
Following are to be considered while defining the parameters of a task:
8.5
The need for any special safety studies or assessments (e.g. manual handling).
If the hazards cannot be reconciled and it is obvious that carrying out of task is
unsafe, it should be immediately discarded or redefined.
What personal competency requirements are needed of those who will assess
the risks and perform the task
What types of equipment are needed?
Perform Level-2 TRA

The objective of the Level 2 TRA is to:
assemble a team of persons with intimate knowledge and expertise of the task
(including knowledge of the task location)
examine all the hazards associated with the task in a structured way
devise a set of controls which will ensure an acceptable level of risk is achieved
use external experts (e.g. specialist vendors) where necessary
In case of larger tasks, turnarounds or projects, early work should be undertaken to

identify potential tasks requiring Level 2 assessments in order to allow adequate time
for the TRA to be planned and completed.
A Level-2 assessment must be carried out by a Team and can be done at any stage
in the process. It shall be carried out, when it is believed that significant risks exist
and such risk can not be adequately controlled without more rigorous assessment
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and the application of additional controls. Level-2 TRA is mandatory for activities
defined in section 7.2
8.6
Form TRA Team

Job performing Team Leader or his nominee shall nominate TRA team and the leader
of the team a BPP trained, certified competent and authorized person. This team
shall have a minimum of three members. Team members must be familiar with the
TRA process and have intimate knowledge of the work activities and environment
and the tools and equipment to be used to make informed judgments of the risks
involved and measures to mitigate them.
Depending on the complexity and size of the Task involved, a team might include the
following people, in addition to the leader:
A Representative or supervisor of the contractor carrying out the job
Technician(s)
Delivery / Service Team Engineer(s)
HSE representative
Other members of the workforce or persons external to the site who may have
specialist knowledge or experience which could help with the Assessment.
This requires knowledge and experience of the area, plant, equipment or system to
be worked on and awareness of the hazards involved and the potential
consequences, and knowledge of companys HSE procedures. The team shall have
personnel who:
Are responsible for the task.
Are competent to conduct TRAs and have the ability to facilitate the process.
Have sufficient knowledge, expertise and understanding of hazards.
Will be involved in carrying out the task.
The team shall discuss and carry out preparatory work, job plan review to ensure that
the team members have sufficient background information on which to base their
judgment. The team member shall visit the work site to see the physical layout of the
area and current site conditions. Particular attention shall be given to other plants or
equipment in the area. It shall also be noticed that other adjacent activities are not
planned to take place at the same time as the task to be performed as they could
impact the TRA.
The team leader shall make arrangements for the team to work as a group and shall
ensure that there is adequate space for examination of drawings and that sufficient
time is allocated to reach a rational decision.
Note the Control of Work Group Standard states that:
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All Risk Assessment teams must include at least one representative from the
workforce assigned to carry out the task being assessed. Where more than one team
is assigned to carry out the work, a representative from each should be included.
8.7
Break Down of Task into Activities

Once the team is prepared to proceed for actual risk assessment, they shall break
down the task into individual activities, if a task consists of more than one activity.
This will allow the team to identify the hazards of individual activity instead of the
whole task. The task shall comprise of distinct activities neither having unnecessary
large number of activities to make the TRA process complex, nor too general so the
activities containing potential hazards are omitted or overlooked.
(For instance, isolation process may be either electrical/control/mechanical/ or
process. Each isolation process may encounter different type of hazard, and may be
conducted by different work disciplines).
8.8
Identify Hazards
The team shall list down all significant hazards in a particular activity and then review
them to determine what foreseeable effects they could cause if not eliminated or
controlled. This should be done by way of full group discussion under the direction
of the TRA team leader to ensure that all members are given adequate opportunity to
express their views. To identify the hazard, following aspects of the task should be
considered as minimum:
Characteristics of the plant and systems directly involved, e.g. pressure, noise,
temperature, voltage, H2S, toxic chemicals, foam, sand, wax, sludge, scale, etc.
Sensitivity of the location, within the site / installation caused by proximity to

other HSE critical plant or systems, e.g. HVAC intakes, flare header, separator,
risers, ESDVs, escape routes, fire pumps, or large process inventories such as
pipelines, vessels or tanks, etc.
Possibilities of interaction, between simultaneous activities within the task itself,

or any other, unrelated task taking place nearby which require close coordination
in term of cooperate emergency response procedures.
Consider the hazard effects of, and actions to be taken in the event of an
emergency. Refer to the BP Group Standard for the Control of Work (Element 5).
The team shall note down all the hazards identified for each activity so the
consequences can be identified.
A generic hazards checklist is provided as a guide in Appendix 3.
8.9
Identify Hazard Effects (Consequences)

Once all the hazards associated with the task are established, the consequences or
hazard effects caused by each hazard (i.e. harm which could possibly occur) and
people who may be affected need to be identified and considered as well as those
directly involved in the task. The effects or consequences of each hazard, which may
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be more than one, shall be identified and recorded in TRA form (See Appendix 5).
While writing Hazard Effects, care should be taken to be as specific as possible, i.e.
one should avoid expressions such as personal injury in the Hazard Effects column.
8.10
Define Risk Rating

Risk rating is a means whereby the risks associated with a particular task can be
expressed as a value and so judged whether to be within acceptable limits. The risk
created by each hazard on list should be evaluated according to:
The worst, reasonably credible severity of the hazard effects, should anything go
wrong, based on (What if? Then), i.e., how severe the consequences could be,
realistically. (Almost all hazards could result in death but most realistic outcome
should be considered. For example, it is remotely possible that someone falling
off a chair in an office may be killed, but the most probable result is bruising or a
fractured bone). See Table 8.10.1.
The probability of the hazard being realized and resulting in the specified hazard
effect. See Table 8.10.2.
It is important to consider property damage and environmental impact and not just
personal injury. The matrix method of making these evaluations helps to focus
attention on the most serious risks. For the purposes of consistency this matrix
should be used when assessing risk.
RISK (R) = Hazard Effect (HE) x Probability (P)
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8.10.1 Hazard Effect Rating (HE) or Severity
HAZARD EFFECT
HAZARD
EFFECT
RATING
VERY
HIGH
PEOPLE
MULTIPLE
FATALITIES
FATAL INJURY
HIGH
MEDIUM
LOW
VERY
LOW
Document No.:
PERMANENT
DISABILITY
LOST TIME
HOSPITALIZATION
TEMPORARY
DISABILITY
NO LOST TIME NO
HOSPITALIZATION
FIRST AID
SIMPLE FIRST AID
FACILITIES
LOST
PRODUCTION
ENVIRONMENT
MAJOR
DAMAGE
MAJOR
DAMAGE
TOTAL LOSS OF
PRIMARY
CONTAINMENT.
LOSS > $ 10
MILLION
LOSS > $ 10
MILLION
SIGNIFICANT
DAMAGE
SIGNIFICANT
DAMAGE
LOSS $ 01
MILLION TO
$10 MILLION
LOSS $ 01
MILLION TO
$10 MILLION
MODERATE
DAMAGE
MODERATE
DAMAGE
LOSS $100K
TO $ 01
MILLION
LOSS $100K
TO $ 01
MILLION
MINOR
DAMAGE
MINOR
DAMAGE
LOSS $10K
TO $ 100K
LOSS $10K TO
$ 100K
LOSS <$10K
LOSS <$10K
SPILL OF MORE
THAN 100 BBLS.
SIGNIFICANT
LOSS OF
PRIMARY
CONTAINMENT.
SPILL UP TO 100
BBLS.
SIGNIFICANT
LOSS OF
PRIMARY
CONTAINMENT.
SPILL > 10
BBLS.
MINOR LOSS OF
PRIMARY
CONTAINMENT.
SPILL < 10
BBLS.
SLIGHT LOSS
OF PRIMARY
CONTAINMENT.
SPILL < 1 BBL.
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8.10.2 Probability
Likelihood of event occurring and resulting in the specified Hazard Effect
Probability of occurrence more than once per month
P Rating
Every Time
(Has happened more than once in BPP)
Very High
(VH)
Probability of occurrence more than once per quarter but

less than once per month
Nearly Every Time
High
(H)
(Has happened once in BPP)

Probability of occurrence once in six months but less
than once per quarter
Often
Medium
(M)
(Has happened more than once in BP / industry)

Probability of occurrence once in a year but less than
once in six months
Sometimes
Low
(L)
(Has happened once in BP / industry)

Probability of occurrence more than once in a year
Hardly Ever
(Not known in BP / Industry)
Very Low
(VL)
Risk (R) is derived from matrices showing Hazard Effect (HE) and Probability (P).
These matrix values are presented to allow a semi-quantitative derivation of Risk to
provide consistent application of policies regarding the acceptability of risks Refer
to Table 8.10.3.
8.10.3 Risk Matrix
PROBABILITY
HAZARD EFFECT SEVERITY
Document No.:
VL
VH
VH
11
20
21
22
25
12
18
19
24
13
17
23
14
16
VL
10
15
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8.10.4 Evaluation and Prioritization of Risk

RISK FACTOR
21 - 25
CONTROL ACTIONS
Immediate Action. Task must not proceed due to serious loss potential.
Task should be re-defined or, further control measures put in place to
reduce risk, these controls again must be subject to a full assessment and
accepted before the task may commence.
Task may only proceed following direct authorisation from OM / area
authority following consultation with any specialist personnel and full
assessment team.
16 - 20
Wherever possible the task should be re-defined to take account of the
hazards involved or, the risk should be reduced further prior to the task
commencing.
11 - 15
The task may proceed, however only under strict supervision and
monitoring. The team must revisit all areas of the assessment to see if risks
may be reduced further before the task is allowed to proceed.
6 - 10
Implement Controls to reduce risk to lowest level reasonably practicable.

Acceptable measures, however review to see if risk can be reduced still
further.
Acceptable level of risk no need to consider further measures.
3-5
12
Review to ensure that level of risk does not increase.
Once the risk rating has been determined, the next stage is to identify the controls
that are required to reduce /control the risk.
8.11
Identify Controls
8.11.1 Specification of Control Measures

In identifying controls consideration must be given to the following:
The task.
The people involved.
The tools, equipment, PPE and materials to be used.
The working environment.
The team must work systematically through the list of hazards to specify all the
methods needed to control each of their associated risks. Existing controls must be
recorded, as well as any additional ones that the team considers necessary to
achieve an acceptable level of overall control. The risk rating scale should be used as
a guide for this purpose. A Hierarchy of Control (Table 8.11.2) may be used together
with the Typical Control Examples as a guide in order that a full range of controls is
considered and that emphasis is placed upon controls at source. Wherever possible,
measures higher in the hierarchy should be used, providing that they are reasonably
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Rev. No.
practicable. When the control actions have been identified the Evaluation and
Prioritization Matrix (Table 8.10.4) should again be used to establish the level of
residual risk once these controls are in place.
A combination of measures will usually be necessary in order to reduce the level of
risk to that which is considered as low as reasonably practical.
8.11.2 Hierarchy of Control
BASIS OF CONTROL
Prohibit
Substitute
Segregate
Change Process
Enclosure
Reduced Exposure Times
Dilution
Extraction
Knowledge
Personal Protective Equipment
EXAMPLES
No smoking
No stacking over specified height
No unauthorized personnel
Solvent based paint with water based paint
Electric hand tools with pneumatic tools
Barrier
Guard
Separate storage areas
Physical isolations (Spade, Lock-off)
Automated
Semi-automatic
Top of containers
Noise enclosures of turbines/pumps
Job rotation
Breaks
Dispense dilute chemical
Increase airflow / ventilation through work area
Welding
Grinding
Training
Competency
Gloves
Goggles
Boots
Respirators
Note: It is important not to write any of the basis of control (e.g. Prohibit) under
Control in the TRA form. Full details should be inscribed, e.g. No unauthorized
personnel.
An illustrative graphic reproduced from the UK Offshore Industry Step Change in
Safety guidance for Task Risk Assessment is shown below. It must be emphasized
that when identifying control measures, one must always start from the first or
lowest step.
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Typical control measures can be classified as follows:

Controls
Human
Physical
Procedural
Time
(no change in
consequence, risk reduced
by limiting exposure)
Contingency / Control /
Mitigation:
(no change in likelihood,
but consequences are
reduced when the hazard is
realized)
Typical Examples
Ensure competency of personnel
Use of independent specialist personnel
Regular or constant monitoring of the task
Clear instructions and warnings to workforce
Clear definition of roles and responsibilities during the task
Adequate supervision
Conduct Tool Box Talk (TBT)
Removal of pipe work
Insert spade or blank flange
Lock off valve
Place mechanical barrier
Use locked enclosure
Keep people at a distance (warning tape)
Eliminate or substitute toxic substances
Substitute noisy machinery
Use mechanical handling equipment, etc.
Test for pressure build-up or leaks
Test for flammable gas
Procedure for control of simultaneous or adjacent work
Prohibition of hot work
Equipment locked-out/tagged-out.
Scafftag procedure.
Limit duration of the task
Use time-saving measures such as hot bolting, good work-site
preparation and planning for movement of materials, tools, etc.
Rotational work and applying interim break time.
Emergency shutdown, deluge and blow down systems,
reduction of inventory, etc.
Temporary refuge, emergency response system, water curtain,
provision of PPE, rescue equipment, etc.
The team should specify controls in all these categories, to the extent that they are
appropriate. Particular emphasis, though, must be placed on physical or procedural
controls that prevent or reduce risk by reducing the probability of occurrence or the
severity of consequences as well as on task-specific contingency/emergency
arrangements to control or mitigate the consequences if anything does go wrong.
8.12
Controls Adequate
Once all the controls are identified to reduce the risk, the following questions should
be asked:
Have all the necessary controls measures been fully / effectively identified?
Are any additional competencies required to complete the task?
Is the risk effectively controlled?
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When all the controls of task are identified, the risk evaluation matrix should be
revisited to establish the level of residual risk once these controls are in place.
8.13
Acceptable Residual Risk

An assessment of the residual risk should be made for each of the hazards assuming
that all control measures are in place. If the residual risk is unacceptable, the
hierarchy of controls should be used again, with emphasis on lateral thinking to
identify possible further controls at the lower end of the hierarchy. If any control
measures are identified and judged to be practicable to implement (and thereby
reduce the residual risk to an acceptable level) this additional data should be
recorded. If further control measures cannot reduce the risk to an acceptable level,
the TRA Team must not authorise the task and shall refer back to the work
requester.
As a final check, the team should ask itself the following questions about the
proposed Task:
8.14
Have all relevant legislative requirements been met?
Have all the necessary control measures been identified?
Is the degree of supervision adequate? Is a dedicated charge

hand/supervisor/BPP authorized person required?
Is there a need for engineering change to eliminate or reduce the Risk?
Is there a need for shutdown of process plant?
Is the Residual Risk rating acceptable?
Does a plan exist to implement any outstanding Control Measures before the
Task is begun?
Agreement on Risks and Controls

It is essential that agreement on risks and controls is unanimous of the whole team
and the residual risk is acceptable and ALARP. The HITRA Team should document
their assessment, including all the identified control measures which should be in
place for the defined task. A consideration for the acceptability of risk is that the
greater the perceived number risk for any particular hazard, the greater the number
and quality of independent controls.
8.15
Document and Record

The team shall record their finding on standard attached TRA format (Appendix 5),
which covers the following:
Date of TRA
Reviewed by and date
Task Title
Controls (identified by Team)
Location
Actions to be taken (Describe action, Manpower, Tools / PPE)
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Distinct activities
Residual Risk (HE rating, P, R)
Hazard identified
ALARP (Y/N)
Hazard Effects
Emergency Provision required
Risk Evaluation (HE, P,R)
Name, P. No. and signature of Team members / leader
8.16
Review of TRA
A Review of TRA should be done:
a)
If and when Conditions of working environment change.
b)
When a previously completed TRA is being used in a different job or activity.
c)
Before starting or proceeding with the activity, by BPP authorized personnel

along with those involved in the activity i.e. through a Toolbox or Safety
meeting.
Risk assessments must be carefully carried out/reviewed when a change is to be

implemented. Incidents have often occurred where all impacts of small or creeping
changes were not fully assessed and understood.
8.17
Communication
The success of TRA will depend on how effectively it has been communicated. The
value of the risk assessment will be wasted if the people executing the job are not
fully aware of, or do not thoroughly understand, the hazards and the precautions put
in place. The TRA team shall distribute the copies to all concerned to give
understanding of:
Details of the activities involved in carrying out the job.
Potential hazards identified for each stage of the task.
Control measures in place or to be put in place to mitigate the hazards.
Individual actions and responsibilities at various stages of the task.
An opportunity shall be provided to all involved in the task to identify further hazards
and control measures, which might have been overlooked in the initial assessment. If
such improvements are identified, this should be fed back to the TRA Team Leader.
8.18
Implement Controls
There are two types of control measures that will be identified from either Level 1 or
Level 2 TRA process:
Prerequisite controls: Controls that must be in place prior to the job execution.
These may, or may not, include a Permit to Work and associated documentation
Supplementary controls: Controls that have to be applied during the job.
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Before the task is authorised to start the person controlling the work activity must
satisfy himself that:
8.19
all the prerequisite controls are in place
the persons allocated to perform the task, are competent to initiate and manage
the required supplementary controls
the output from the risk assessment has beencommunicated in writing and
signed off by all involved in the task. (this is a requirement of the Control of
Work Group Standard)
Carry out the Task

Once all involved in the task are satisfied that all the prerequisite controls are in place
and supplementary controls will be put in place during the job, using company control
documents e.g. PTW/Certificates, thereafter they can carry out the task. Even when
the task has been duly authorised, each person involved should be satisfied that all
the defined controls are in place and are effective. If they have any doubts or
concerns, the culture should be such that they feel able to voice these, by not
starting or stopping the task if necessary.
8.20
Monitor for Condition Change

By monitoring on an ongoing basis, the team should always be aware of any changes
in personnel, conditions at the work site, or if the TRA is found to be incomplete or
incorrect. If it becomes necessary, they should re-assess the task and if in any doubt,
STOP THE JOB.
8.21
Record Lessons Learned

On completion of work it is important that any lessons learned are captured and
incorporated into the process. This may be in the form of changes / revisions to:
links between a procedure used and the underpinning TRA
TRA records
the TRA process, including team composition
In the event of an accident, incident, or near miss taking place, it is critical that the
TRA is reviewed. Three types of error may have contributed to the accident, each of
which requires different remedial actions:
hazard not identified during TRA
hazard identified, but specified controls were ineffective
hazard and controls identified, but controls not implemented as defined in TRA
Lessons learned are communicated to all concerned through existing methods such
as meetings, circulars, training, toolbox talks, etc.
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APPENDIX 1 - TASK RISK ASSESSMENT FLOWCHART

LEVEL-2 (MANDATORY)
WORK REQUEST
8.1
LEVEL-2 (MANDATORY)
CHECK TASK
CATEGORY
8.2
MANDATORY?
NO
YES
PERFORM LEVEL-1
LEVEL-2 TRA
TRA
HIGH OR
MEDIUM RISK
8.3
8.5
FORM TRA TEAM
8.6
DEFINE TASK
PARAMETER
8.4
ACTIVITIES
BREAK DOWN
a) Confined Space Entry (including vessel

cleaning)
b) Excavations greater than 4 feet deep
c) Working at heights > 6 feet (including
erection of structures for this work)
d) Hot Work in Hazardous Areas
e) Failure to meet minimum isolation
requirements
f) Complex lifting operations involving multiple
suspensions or lifting near live plant
g) Any activity with potential H2S exposure
h) Where multiple protective devices are
removed or inhibited from a system
i) Simultaneous operations
j) Mud plugging and Hot tapping
k) Deviation from an existing policy, procedure,
or practice
l) Mandatory for activities where risk
assessment is medium or high
m) Well intervention
8.7
LOW RISK
IDENTIFY HAZARDS
for each activity
8.8
FIND ASSOCIATED
HAZARDS for each
activity
LEVEL-1
8.8
a) All new activities

b) All jobs at planning and design stage
c) Repeated activities, if condition is changed
d) Annual review for repeated activities
IDENTIFY
CONSEQUENCES
for each activity
8.9
DEFINE RISK RATINGS
8.10
IDENTIFY CONTROLS
8.11
NO
CONTROLS
ADEQUATE?
8.12
YES
RESIDUAL RISK
ACCEPTABLE?
YES
APPROVAL TO PROCEED
NO
8.13
8.16
*
8.17
AGREEMENT ON RISKS &

CONTROLS
TRA COPIES TO ALL

INVOLVED
8.14
DOCUMENT & RECORD
8.15
IMPLEMENT
CONTROLS
8.18
STOP
8.19
MONITOR FOR
CONDITION CHANGE
CARRY
OUT TASK
RE-ASSESS IF
REQUIRED
8.20
RECORD LESSONS
LEARNED
IF CONDITIONS
CHANGE
8.21
* IN CASE OF LEVEL 2 TRA.
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Rev. No.
APPENDIX 2 - TASK CATEGORIZATION CHART

Go down the list until you can answer YES, then follow the
arrow to determine the TRA Level required
YES
Confined Space Entry

sandblasting or de-sludging
Hot work in Hazardous areas
Working at Heights more than 6 feet
Narrow excavation or pit
Trench Excavation or pit more than 4 feet deep.
Erecting of scaffold or structure at height in excess of 6 feet
Using high potential sources of ignition inside tank bund wall area,
for gas blowout / flare lines, or for oil & gas well casing repair.
Failure to meet minimum positive isolations requirement.
Complex and complicated lifting operations involving multiple

suspensions or lifting over live plant, near overhead pipelines or
power-lines.
Multiple protective/safety devices are removed or inhibited from a

system
Any activities involving uncontrolled potential exposure to H2S
Simultaneous operations like well operation adjacent to operating

plant
Mud plugging and hot tapping for tanks or main oil & gas lines.
Deviation from an existing procedure or practice
Any other activities where risk assessment is medium and high
including
vessel/tanks,
cleaning,
LEVEL 2 - TRA & PTW SYSTEM IS MANDATORY
All new activities
All jobs at planning and design stage
Repeated activities, if condition is changed
Annual review of TRAs for repeated activities
LEVEL 1 - TRA & PTW SYSTEM MAY OR MAY NOT BE REQUIRED
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Rev. No.
APPENDIX 3 - HAZARD CHECKLIST

A- Hazards associated with plant and equipment
Category
Mechanical
Electrical
Pressure
Document No.:
Examples of Hazards
Two moving parts, one moving part and a
fixed surface
Conveyor belt and drive
V belt and pulley
Power press
"In running nips"
Mangle
Guillotine Scissors
Stapler
Using hammer
Something that may strike or stab someone
or can be struck against
Moving vehicle
Drill
Sewing machine
Hypodermic needle
Pendulum
Crane hook
Something sharp or with a rough surface
Knife, chisel, saw, etc.
Fan blade
Circular saw blade
Sanding belt
Abrasive wheel
Hover mower blade
Drill chuck and bit
Power take off shaft
Pipe threading machine
Abrasive wheel
Cartridge tool
Using hammer and chisel
Abrasive wheel
Electricity above 240v
Electricity 240v
Electricity 110v
Extra low volt electricity
Static
Batteries
Compressed air
Compressed gas
Steam
Vacuum
Hydraulic system
PRO/SFTY/018
Issue Date:
Hazard Effects
Trapping (crushing,
pressing, drawing in
and shearing injuries)
Impact (includes
puncture)
Contact (Cutting,
friction or abrasion)
Entanglement
(rotating parts)
Ejection (of work

piece or part of tool)
Shock/burn/fire/
Explosion
Ignition sources
Release of energy
(Explosion/injection/
implosion)
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Rev. No.
Category
Stored energy
Thermal
Radiation
Ionizing
radiation
Non ionizing
radiation
Noise
Vibration
Stability
Overload/
Defective due to
mechanical
failure
Document No.:
Examples of Hazards
Springs under tension
Springs under compression
Hoist platform cage
Conveyor tension weight
Raised tipper lorry body
Counterweight
Load carried by crane
Hot surface
Using blow lamp
Welding flame/arc
Refrigerant
Steam
X Rays
or radiation
Neutrons
Micro wave
Radio frequency
Laser
Ultra violet
Infra red
Noise > 85 dB(A)
Pneumatic drill
Operation of plant
Using Jackhammer
Inadequate crane base
Fork lift truck on slope
Machine not bolted down
Mobile scaffold too high
Scaffold not tied
Crane overload
Chain sling
Eye bolt overload
Scaffold overload
Hopper overload
PRO/SFTY/018
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Hazard Effects
Flying/Falling
materials
Burns/fires/scalds/
frostbite
Burns, cancer
Burns
Hearing loss, tinnitus,

etc.
Vibration white finger,
whole body effects
Crushing
Crushing
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B - Hazards associated with materials and substances

Category
FIRE/EXPLOSION
Combustion
Increased Combustion
Flammable
substances (inc.
Highly and Extremely
Flammable)
See also explosive
below
Oxidizing substance
Dust explosions
HEALTH HAZARDS
Corrosive/Irritating
materials
Particles
Vapors
Fumes
Gases
Document No.:
Examples of Hazards
Timber stack
Paper sore
Grease
Plastic foam
Oxygen enrichment
Petrol
Propane gas
Crude oil
Methane
LPG
LNG
Hydrogen
Carbon Monoxide
Organic peroxide
Potassium permanganate
Nitric acid
Explosive material
Detonators
Some oxidizing agents
Highly flammable gas in confined
space
Wood dust
Sulfur dust
Coal dust
Flour
Aluminum powder
Sulfuric acid
Caustic soda
Ammonia
Asbestos fibers
Silica dust
Wood dust
Iron dust
Benzene
Toluene
Acetone
Some solvents
Lead fume
Rubber fume
Asphalt fume
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrogen Sulfide
Sulfur dioxide
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Hazard Effects
Burns
Burns
Burns
Burns
Burns
Skin effects
Lung effects
Acute and chronic

effects on health
Acute and chronic

effects on health (local
and systemic effects)
Acute and chronic
effects on health
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Mists
Category
Asphyxiants
Health hazard by
ingestion
Hazards by contact
ENVIRONMENTAL
HAZARDS
Hazardous waste
storage and disposal
Oil mist
Printing ink mist
Detergents
Aerosols
Examples of Hazards
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
Argon
Toxic, harmful, corrosive and irritant
liquids
All harmful aerosols
Polluted water
Contaminated food and drink
Sward
Rough timber
Concrete blocks
Molten metal
Frozen food
Crude/Condensate transportation
Storage of hazardous
sludge/material in pits
NORM waste (scales, sludge)
Acute and chronic

effects on health
Hazard Effects
Acute and chronic
effects on health
Burns to upper
alimentary tract
Poisoning
Cuts, abrasions
Burns, Frostbite
Groundwater / Soil
pollution
C- Hazards associated with the place of work

Category
Pedestrian Access
Work at heights
Obstructions
Stacking/Storing
Document No.:
Examples of Hazards
Damaged floors
Trailing cables
Oil spills
Water on floors
Debris
Wet grass
Sloping surface
Uneven steps
Changes in floor levels
Fragile roof
Edge of roof
Work on ladder
Erecting scaffold
Hole in floor
Low headroom
Sharp projections
High stacks
Insecure stacks
Inadequate racking
Stacking at heights
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Hazard Effects
Tripping, slipping
Falls
Striking against
Falling materials
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Rev. No.
Work over/near
liquids, dusts, etc.
Emergencies
Fall into a substances,

drowning, poisoning,
suffocation, etc.
Tank
Reservoir
Sump
Sewer
Work over water
Locked exits
Obstructed egress
Long exit route
Trapping in fire
D. Hazards associated with methods of work

Category
Manual handling
Repetitive
movements
Posture
Hazard Effects
Back injury, hernia,
etc.
Example of Hazard
Lifting
Lowering
Carrying
Pushing
Pulling
Hot / Cold loads
Rough loads
Live loads persons
Keyboard work
Using screwdriver
Using hammer and chisel
Bricklaying
Seated work
Work above head height
Work at floor level
Work related upper

limb disorders
Work related upper

limb disorders, stress,
etc.
E. Hazards associated with the working environment

Category
Light (NB: Also
increases risk of
contact other
hazards)
Temperature
Confined spaces
Document No.:
Example of Hazard
Glare
Poor lighting
Stroboscopic effect
Arc welding
Molten metal
Work in furnace
Cold room
Outdoor work
Hot weather
Cold weather
Wind chill factor
Work in rain, snow, etc.
Work in tank
Chimney, stack
Pit
Basement
Unventilated room
Vessel
Excavation
PRO/SFTY/018
Issue Date:
Hazard Effects
Eye strain, arc eye
and cataracts
Heat stress,
hypothermia
Heat stress, sunburn,
melanoma,
hypothermia, etc.
Asphyxiation,
explosion, poisoning,
claustrophobia, etc.
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Rev. No.
Ventilation
Sick Building
Syndrome, nausea,
tiredness, etc.
Fumes
Odors
Tobacco smoke
F. Hazards associated with work organization

Category
Contractors
Organization of work
Work in public area
Document No.:
Example of Hazard
Work above employees
Use of harmful substances
Contractors welding
Process fumes
Services (e.g. underground electricity
cables)
Stored hazardous materials
Monotonous work
Stress
Too much work
Lack of control of job
Work too demanding
Trailing cables
Traffic/ Plant / Rig movement
Work above public
Drilling near dwelling area
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Hazard Effects
Injuries and ill health
to employees by
contractors work
to contractors
employees by work in
premises
Injuries to employees

of public
August 18, 2007
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Rev. No.
APPENDIX 4 - RISK ASSESSMENT SAMPLES

Confined Spaces
Description of Task
This general assessment and arrangements covers the general principles for work within
confined spaces in the work of cleaning or de-sludging of crude oil/slop oil vessels/tanks by
an organizations employees or contractors.
A confined space is defined as any place, including any chamber, tank, silo, pit, sewer, flue,
well, or other similar space in which, by virtue of its enclosed nature, there arises a
reasonably foreseeable specified risk. As a consequence it is likely that the confined space
will have restricted natural ventilation, will have limited means of access and egress and
would not be intended for the continual occupancy by persons at work.
Persons at Risk
Personnel carrying out cleaning work in confined spaces are especially at risk. In the event of
fires or explosions occurring as a result of work in confined space, all persons inside the tank
and others outside may be at risk.
Hazards
Hazards associated with confined spaces fall into two categories.
1.
Hazards associated with conditions which exist in the confined space before work take
place, for example lack of oxygen, presence of pyrophoric iron sulfide scales on the
inside shell, presence of sludge, and hydrogen sulfide gas.
2.
Hazards which can be introduced into the confined space by the work to be carried
out, and by the equipment/tools and materials to be used, for example using sparking
tools, electrical or pneumatic tools, artificial lighting, using cleaning detergents, etc.
The significant hazards associated with confined spaces are:
Atmospheric hazards
Oxygen depletion
Toxic gases (H2S for example)
Simple suffocating hydrocarbon vapors
Flammable liquids/sludge/vapors/mists/gases
Pyrophoric iron sulfide
Electrical equipment
Hand tools
Detergents
Document No.:
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Issue Date:
August 18, 2007
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Rev. No.
Obstructions/barriers
Limited access/egress
Connected pipe-works/valves/pumps/stirrers/heaters
Water and other liquids
Heat
Scaffold/ladder/staging
Noise/humidity
Environment pollution
Poor lighting
Difficulty of rescue and emergency control
Biological hazards
Panic/claustrophobia/stress
Entry into confined space is a high-risk activity. A specified task risk assessment, job plan
and written procedures will be required. PTWS and relevant Certificates (e.g. Isolation and
Entry Certificates) is mandatory requirement in each work.
The following arrangements are an indication of the measures to be considered to eliminate
or reduce the risk of the hazards to an acceptable level and ALARP. The Team Leader must
ensure that the equipment, facilities, and working practices are maintained to these
standards by arranging inspections either personally or by a competent Superintendent or
Supervisor.
Arrangements
Planning and Organization
Before any operation commences, the Team Leader must establish if work in confined space
is to be carried out and if so, must arrange for information from operation manuals, P&IDs,
site visit, risk assessments, sampling, equipment, working procedures, training, etc. to be
provided, taking into account the hazards likely to be encountered.
Training and Instruction
Training will be provided through HSE department for all personnel required to carry out
testing and monitoring of atmospheres and for operatives required to use breathing
apparatus, rescue and permit procedures and any other equipment or procedures necessary.
Toolbox Talk (TBT) will be given to personnel before commencing the work.
Management Control
Competent Persons
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Issue Date:
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Rev. No.
The Superintendent / Supervisor will ensure that:
Necessary equipment is available on site in accordance with planned procedures

before any person is required to enter the confined space.
The planned procedures, including any permit to work systems, are carried out as
planned and that only authorized persons are permitted to enter the confined space
A person is stationed outside the confined space at all times that work is taking place
inside.
Care of Equipment and Arrangement of PPE

The Superintendent / Supervisor will ensure that suitable storage facilities are provided for
monitoring equipment and PPE.
All equipment used for confined space work will be inspected by the user on each
occasion, a thorough examination must be carried out every month by the supervisor
and a record made of the examination. A more frequent examination may be required
depending on the circumstances of the specific method statement.
All safety equipment must be regularly maintained and record in accordance with
defined procedures. Any defects in equipment must be attended to immediately.
Procedures for Serious and Imminent Danger

Rescue procedures for workers in a confined space must be defined in method statement,
and rescue must be carried out by well-trained rescue team.
Monitoring and Review
Inspections
An inspection of the work and precautions must be made by the Superintendent / Supervisor
at least once every day that work continues in confined space.
The Team Leader will carry out random inspections of confined space work.
Risk Assessment Review
This risk assessment and arrangements will be reviewed at intervals of one year at which
any specific risk assessments and method statement will also be reviewed. A review will also
take place after any reported complaint, incident or accident, or when there is a change in
the activity.
Document No.:
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Issue Date:
August 18, 2007
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Rev. No.
TASK RISK ASSESSMENT FORM
APPENDIX 5
DATE:
TASK TITLE:
ACTIVITY:
LOCATION:
DESCRIPTION
S/No:
HAZARD
HAZARD EFFECT
RISK EVALUATION
(Refer to Evaluation Form)
HE
CONTROLS
ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN
DESCRIBE
ACTION
MANPOWER
RESIDUAL RISK
HE
ALARP
Y/N
EMERGENCY PROVISION REQUIRED:

GENERAL COMMENTS:
RISK ASSESSMENT APPROVAL
I am satisfied that the safeguards put in place will reduce the level of risk
NAMES OF TEAM MEMBERS
SIGNATURE
to an acceptable level and the task/action is permitted to proceed.
Risk Assessment Team

Leader...DateTime
HE= Hazard Effect
Document No.:
P= Probability
PRO/SFTY/018
R= Risk Rating
Issue Date:
Authorizing
SignatoryDateTime..
SHEET
OF
August 18, 2007
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Rev. No.
Document No.:
PRO/SFTY/018
Issue Date:
August 18, 2007
Page 37 of 37

BP Hazard Identification Task Risk Assessment

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BP Pakistan Exploration & Production, Inc.

Description & Reason for amendment

To bring in line with CoW Standard, revised

To clarify sections relating to Roles,

August 18, 2007

BP Pakistan Exploration & Production, Inc.

PURPOSE AND SCOPE .............................................................................................. 3

LINKAGE WITH OTHER PROCEDURES AND STANDARDS ................................... 3

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES .............................................................................. 5

TRAINING AND COMPETENCY ................................................................................. 7

HITRA PROCESS OVERVIEW .................................................................................... 9

APPENDIX 1 - TASK RISK ASSESSMENT FLOWCHART................................................. 25

August 18, 2007

BP Pakistan Exploration & Production, Inc.

hazard identification identifying hazards which could cause harm.

risk control deciding on suitable measures to eliminate or control risk.

The Control of Work Group Standard states that:

PURPOSE AND SCOPE

LINKAGE WITH OTHER PROCEDURES AND STANDARDS

August 18, 2007

BP Pakistan Exploration & Production, Inc.

Likelihood of an event occurring, and resulting in specified Hazard Effect or

Control is the reduction in the level of risk by applying suitable safety

To reduce a risk to a level, which is "as low as reasonably practicable" and

The system to provide the information, instruction, training, and supporting

Is used to describe the process by which the objectives and methods of

The collection of information about the implementation and effectiveness of

The structured process of collecting independent information on the

August 18, 2007

BP Pakistan Exploration & Production, Inc.

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

Single Point Accountable Person(s) (SPA)

Ensuring that a Risk Assessment process is in place and is being followed

Ensuring a process is in place to manage the appointment of competent persons

Ensuring a process is in place to manage the appointment of competent persons

Ensuring a process is in place to manage the appointment of competent persons

Level 1 HITRA Completer

Complete Level 1 Risk Assessments where required.

August 18, 2007

BP Pakistan Exploration & Production, Inc.

Ensure that appropriate authorisation has been obtained prior to the

Level 2 HITRA Team Leader

Lead the Team responsible in performing a Level 2 HITRA to the process

Ensure the Risk Assessment includes a worksite visit.

Ensure that the details of the assessment are accurately recorded.

Level 2 HITRA Team Member

Actively participate in the Risk Assessment process.

People Carrying out the Work

Participate and contribute in the pre-job toolbox talk / safety meeting.

Actively monitor the worksite and surroundings for change.

August 18, 2007

BP Pakistan Exploration & Production, Inc.

HITRA Authorizing Signatories

A person authorising a Level 2 Risk Assessment will:

Accept the level of residual risk.

TRAINING AND COMPETENCY

good quality and effective controls

definitions hazard, risk, consequences, likelihood, controls, hierarchy of

the principles of TRA and the process used

August 18, 2007

BP Pakistan Exploration & Production, Inc.

when to conduct Level 1 and 2 Risk Assessments

other types of Risk Assessment generic, JSA, quantified, major hazard,

Risk Assessment tools e.g. checklists