Question:-

Oxidation of Bitumen is carried out in stirred vessel with volume of 7klit. Bitumen is available at 100C
Temperature should be below 280C. Air is sparged in reactor for the oxidation. Assume 250 kg of air
Also assume heat of reaction is -725 kJ/kg (exothermic), k = 0.02/s. After oxidation cool it to 500C an
Calculate :
(i) the temperature to which the Bitumen is to be preheated.
(ii) amount of heat required to preheat Bitumen.
(iii) time required to conduct the operation.
Data:Vreactor = 7 klit.
Tbitumen = 100C
Treaction = 250C
Heat of reaction = -725 kJ/kg
k = 0.02/s
= 950 Kg/m3
Cp = 2090 J/KgK

Bitumen

Thermic fluid

Flow rate
Cp
Density
Hrxn
Vreactor
Dia
Height
visc(u)

0.0002777778
2090
950
725000
7
1.645
3.29
0.25
Bitumen preheated In 4 hrs
Jacket(H)
7.62 cm
Dia
3.81 cm
deq
5.08 cm
Pr
K
Re bitumen
hi
preheat time
Temperature grad for
heat transfer

130.625
0.16
157500
518.1462838124
14400 s
10 oC

2090 J/kgK
902.5
J/kg
m3
m
m
0.25 Pas
0.3298611111 kg/s

7.2862385321
0.109

is available at 100C. Period of reaction is 5hours. Reaction temperature rises to 250C.

ssume 250 kg of air is required per 100 tonnes for the Bitumen.
n cool it to 500C and pack it. It is found that preheating of Bitumen is required.

Preheater
inlet

Thermic fluid
outlet
182.11
184.15
186.18
188.18
190.15
192.11
194.04
195.95
197.83
199.69
201.53
203.35
205.14
206.91
208.65
210.38
212.08
213.76
215.41
217.04
218.65

inlet
170
172
174
176
178
180
182
184
186
188
190
192
194
196
198
200
202
204
206
208
210

Reactor
Bitumen
outlet
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

Thermic fluid
inlet
160
162
164
166
168
170
172
174
176
178
180
182
184
186
188
190
192
194
196
198
200

170
172
174
176
178
180
182
184
186
188
190
192
194
196
198
200
202
204
206
208
210

The preheater temperature fairly matches with unsteady state transfer overall
transfer coefficient till preheater temperature of 174oC

The preheater temperature fairly matches with unsteady state transfer overall
transfer coefficient till preheater temperature of 174oC

s to 250C.

ed.

Reactor
Thermic fluid
outlet

inlet
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240

Bitumen
outlet
160
162
164
166
168
170
172
174
176
178
180
182
184
186
188
190
192
194
196
198
200

ith unsteady state transfer overall heat

e of 174oC

250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250

Q
Thermic
preheater flowrate
41364.58
1.6347
42743.4
1.6827
44122.22
1.7337
45501.04
1.7879
46879.86
1.8456
48258.68
1.9071
49637.5
1.9729
51016.32
2.0433
52395.14
2.1190
53773.96
2.2005
55152.78
2.2885
56531.6
2.3839
57910.42
2.4875
59289.24
2.6006
60668.06
2.7244
62046.88
2.8606
63425.69
3.0112
64804.51
3.1785
66183.33
3.3655
67562.15
3.5758
68940.97
3.8142

V
0.6239
0.6422
0.6617
0.6824
0.7044
0.7279
0.7530
0.7798
0.8087
0.8398
0.8734
0.9098
0.9494
0.9925
1.0398
1.0918
1.1492
1.2131
1.2844
1.3647
1.4557

ith unsteady state transfer overall heat

e of 174oC

Thermic fluid jacket flow

Re
ho
75270.53
107.575
117.78
12.610
121.35
12.864
125.14
13.130
129.17
13.411
133.48
13.707
138.08
14.021
143.01
14.353
148.31
14.705
154.02
15.080
160.18
15.479
166.85
15.906
174.10
16.364
182.02
16.856
190.69
17.387
200.22
17.962
210.76
18.587
222.47
19.269
235.55
20.017
250.27
20.843
266.96
21.759

U
89.080
11.772
11.993
12.224
12.467
12.723
12.993
13.277
13.578
13.897
14.236
14.596
14.980
15.392
15.833
16.309
16.822
17.379
17.986
18.649
19.380

ln()
1.312
1.335
1.357
1.380
1.404
1.427
1.451
1.475
1.500
1.525
1.551
1.577
1.604
1.632
1.660
1.689
1.720
1.751
1.783
1.816
1.850

mCp ratio*t
4.484
4.615
4.755
4.904
5.062
5.231
5.411
5.605
5.812
6.036
6.277
6.539
6.823
7.133
7.473
7.846
8.259
8.718
9.231
9.808
10.462

beta
1.414
1.407
1.399
1.392
1.384
1.375
1.366
1.357
1.348
1.338
1.328
1.318
1.307
1.297
1.286
1.274
1.263
1.251
1.239
1.227
1.215

Uunst
87.038
88.328
89.610
90.886
92.160
93.433
94.708
95.988
97.274
98.570
99.877
101.198
102.536
103.893
105.271
106.675
108.106
109.568
111.064
112.599
114.176

Heat extracted
before
preheater(J/kg)
197784.7222222
196405.9027778
195027.0833333
193648.2638889
192269.4444444
190890.625
189511.8055556
188132.9861111
186754.1666667
185375.3472222
183996.5277778
182617.7083333
181238.8888889
179860.0694444
178481.25
177102.4305556
175723.6111111
174344.7916667
172965.9722222
171587.1527778
170208.3333333

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
150

160

170

180

60

Ucal
U unsteady

170

180

190

200

210