A Survey Report on

COMPERATIVE STUDY OF THEROTICAL AND PRACTICAL

PRACTIC OF SOLE PROPRIETOR PURSUING
IN JODHPUR

Jodhpur Institute of Management

Submitted by: Submitted to:

SUMIT KUMAR PUJARI Dr. Abha Purohit
MBA Part I Asstt. Prof

(Submitted as a Part of Practical Examination of Paper No.

M-207 Research Methods in Management)

Narnadi, Jhanwar Road, Jodhpur Ph. No.: 02931-281551-5 , Fax No.:02931-281416

Dr. Abha purohit Faculty of Management

Faculty Member Jodhpur Institute of Management
Jodhpur
 Rajasthan

CERTIFICATE

Certified that Mr. SUMIT KUMAR PUJARI a student of MBA 1 st year (2nd semester)
JODHPUR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, JODHPUR has worked for this project report entitled
“COMPERATIVE STUDY OF THEORITICAL AND PRACTICAL PRACTICE OF SOLE PROPRIETOR
PURSUING IN JODHPUR”, under my supervision and guidance.

The project work embodies the result of his original research. The candidate has fulfilled necessary
requirements under the regulation of “JODHPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY”

Dated, Jodhpur (Dr. Abha Purohit )

_____________ Supervisor

DECLARATION
 I, the undersigned, hereby declare that this project written and
submitted by me under the guidance of DR. ABHA PUROHIT, faculty of Jodhpur
institute of management, Jodhpur is my original work. The empirical findings in the
project are based on the data collected by me and I have not copied from any research
report or project report submitted by anyone, to any university anywhere earlier.

Dated, Jodhpur

_____________ (SUMIT KUMAR PUJARI)

Acknowledgement

Every mature individual in professional life is keenly aware of his sense of

indebtness to many people who have stimulated and influenced his intellectual
development. Ordinarily this feeling is expressed in customary gesture of
acknowledgement. Therefore, it seems as a right to acknowledge my gratitude with
sense of veneration to the almighty God and various people who helped me during
the course of the project work. Their valuable guidance and wise direction have
enabled me to complete my project in systematic and smooth manner.

As it is said that “Success is the sweetest flower in the garden of hard work
but thinking of success is merely creamy fudge without an adequate guidance”

I owe a great debt of gratitude and sincere appreciation to my supervisor, DR

ABHA PUROHIT, Assistant professor, Faculty of management, Jodhpur National
university, JODHPUR, who helped me by providing encouragement, suggestions,
constructive criticism and moral support throughout the entire course of project.
Accurate, immanent and systematically planned working is really a precious tool to
be succeeding, which I have learned from him. My heartily thanks go to him for
sparing his invaluable time and guidance for me.

I am deeply indebted and thankful to MR GAURAV LODIA, DEAM, Jodhpur

Institute of management, Jodhpur, who has been a perennial source of inspiration
for this project.

I am thankful to all teaching staff for their precious gift of knowledge.

I express my vote of thanks to Librarian & Library staff, Jodhpur pharmacy

College, Jodhpur for helping me in maximum utilization of library resources.

It is my real pleasure to thanks to vikash godara, & others for their selfless
support, co-operation & valuable suggestion. I also thank to my friends who
encouraged me during the whole tenure of my project work.
Lastly, I want to thank my dearest ‘Parents’ for pitching in with their patience
and invaluable feedback. It was enjoyable discussing some of the aspects with
them.

(SUMIT KR PUJARI)

PREFACE

In modern time’s different forms of business units’ like- sole

proprietor, partnership firm, joint Hindu families, and company
form of business etc; forms an integral part of private business and
industry. In the wake of 21st century it is seen that these business
units are becoming more popular than any other.

So, the present study is an ambitions attempt to highlight the

influence of various factors like- psychological, personal, social
and cultural factors on choosing a form of business organization. It
also concerns regarding why one should choose Sole- proprietor
and not the other. The project is also undertaken to analysis any
difference between the theories and its implications in practical
life. This study will help people to understand the differences
between theoretical and practical practice of Sole-proprietor.

While preparing this project, I have tried to collect the latest

information available from the Sole- traders pursuing in
JODHPUR, journal, articles from books and internet. I am
indebted to all our friends who gave me suggestions in the
preparation of this project.

JODHPUR SUMIT KR PUJARI

13th APRIL 2010
Serial no. content Page no.

1 CERTIFICATE i
2 DECLARATIONS ii
3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii-iv
4 PREFACE v-vi
5 contents vii-viii
6 INTRODUCTION 1-13
DEIFNATION

FEATURES

ADVANTAGES

DIAADVANTAGES

7 OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESIS 14

8 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 15-17
DEIFNATION OF RESEARCH

SAMPLE SIZE

SAMPLE DESIGN

RESEARCH DESIGN

METHORD DATA COLLECTION

QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN

9
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDING 18-29
CHI-SQUARE TEST

FINDING

10 RESULTS
 11 CONCLUSIONS AND 30
RECOMMANDATIONS
12 31
LIMITATIONS
13 32
BIBLIOGRAPHY
33-35
QUESTIONNAIRE

INTRODUCTION:-

DEFINATION: -
Sole-proprietorship is the form of business, which is owned,
managed and controlled by an individual. It is the oldest and
simplest form of business, established with the limited resources,
ability and capital.
According to L.H.Haney,”The individual entrepreneurship is
the form of business organization in the head of which stands an
individual as the one who is responsible, who directs its operation,
who alone runs the risk of failure.”
 According to James Stephenson, “A sole trader is a person
who carries on business exclusively by and for himself. He is not
only the owner of the capital of the undertaking, but is usually the
organizer and manager and takes all the profits or responsibility for
losses.”
According to Kimball and Kimball, “The individual
proprietor is the supreme judge of all matters pertaining to his
business, subject only to the general laws of the land to such as
special legislation as may affect his particular business.”

FEATURES OF SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP: -

Personal Effort Easy Formation

One Man
control

No Separate
Management
legal entity FEATURES OF SOLE
and control
PROPRIETORSHIP

Bearer of Profit Freedom of

& Loss choice of
business

Unlimited Prompt
Decision Undivided risk
Liability

SOURCE: BUSINESS STUDIES, ARYA PUBLICATIONS

EASY FORMATION: - It is very easy to form
proprietorship. In most of the cases even license is not
required. Peddlers, hawkers, small vendors and shopkeepers
can start business at their own will, provided it is not illegal,
anti-social and against the public interest.

PERSONAL EFFORT: -A sole trader business is initiated by

one person. He arranges the money required for the business,
decides the nature and scale of business operations and
arranges all other things needed for setting up and running the
business. A sole trader carries on the business exclusively by
and for himself.

NO SEPARATE LEGAL ENTITY: -The proprietor and

business are one and the same thing. The proprietor owns
everything the firm has. No distinction is made between the
assets and liabilities of the business and that of the owner. In
the eyes of law the owner and the business are one and the
same thing.

UNLIMITED LIABILITY: -The liability of a sole trader is

unlimited. He is responsible for all losses arising from the
business. His personal assets can be used to pay business
liabilities if the business assets are not sufficient to pay its
 creditors. So his liability extends beyond his investments in
business.

MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL: -Management and

control of the business remain exclusively in the hands of the
proprietor. The sole trader is free to take whatever decision he
thinks. He can employ assistants and is free to remove them
from the employment as well. Thus, ownership, management
and control are all in the hands of the proprietor.

SHARING OF PROFITS AND LOSSES: -The earning of

the business belong entirely to the sole trader, nobody else can
claim a share of the profits with the proprietor. The same is
true in case of a loss, where the entire loss has to be borne by
the proprietor.

ONE MAN CONTROL: -the sole proprietor acts both

manager and controller of the business. He prepares various
plans and executes them under his own supervision. There
may be some persons to help him but ultimate control lies with
the owner.

UNDIVIDED RISK: -The profits and losses of sole trader

business exclusively belong to the proprietor. He gains and
risks all. Nobody else shares the risks of the business with the
sole trader.
 FREEDOM OF CHOICE OF THE BUSINESS: -The sole
trader is free to choose the business of his choice, provided the
business is not illegal and against the public interest.

PROMPT DECISIONS: -The sole proprietor, being the sole

owner of the business is capable of taking immediate decision
and avails of the business opportunities, whenever available.

ADVANTAGES OF SOLE PROPRIETOR: -

The sole proprietorship form of business organization has
certain merits. There are given below:

Easy to form Direct Motivation Inexpensive

Management

Flexibility in Easy to raise Finance

operations ADVANTAGES OF SOLE
PROPRIETORSHIP

Retention of business Promptness in

secrets decision making

No legal Restriction Benefit of Goodwill Self Employment

 SOURCE: BUSINESS STUDIES, ARYA PUBLICATIONS

EASY TO FORM: -It is easy to set up any trading or

commercial unit or a small manufacturing unit as sole
proprietor. It is the only form of organization where no legal
formalities are required to be performed. Anybody wishing to
start a sole trade concern can do so without loss of time.

RETENTION OF BUSINESS SECRETS: -A sole trader

can maintain business secrets. Being the sole proprietor, he is
not expected to share his trade secret with anybody else. He is
not expected to publish his accounts. He can maintain secrecy
from his competitors. Secrecy is very vital for small scale
concern.

FLEXIBLITY IN OPERATIONS: -A sole proprietorship

concern is generally run on small scale basics. In case a
change in operation is required, it can be possible without
involving much expenditure. Even if a new line of production
is to be taken up, it will not involve much effort. Because of
being flexible in operations, a sole trade concern is most
suitable for industries dealing in fashionable and seasonal
goods.
EASY TO RAISE FINANCE: -An individual entrepreneur is
able to create goodwill of establish business. This helps him to
establish his creditworthiness in the market. Secondary, the
liability in sole trade organization being unlimited, the creditor
can have a claim over the private property of the owner. The
creditors feel secure in extending credit to individual
proprietors. Moreover, they try to repay the loans as quickly as
possible so that they do not loss goodwill in the market. Once
a sole trader loss his creditworthiness, he will not be able to
get much help from the market.

DIRECT MOTIVATION: -The sole proprietor takes keen

interest in the working of the business. He tries to put his heart
and soul in his business so to earn as much profit as he can.
There is direct relationship in efforts and reward. In other
forms of organization, the profit is shared by more than one
person. So everybody may not put in his best efforts.

PROMPTNESS MAKING OF DECISION: -All important

decisions are taken by one person. He can take prompt
decisions. He will not let an opportunity slip away. If more
than one person is involved in decision making, then delay is
bound to occur.

INEXPENSIVE MANAGEMENT: -The sole trader is the

owner, manages and controller of the business. He does not
appoint for various functions. He personally supervises
 various activities and can avoid wastage in the business. He
does not create managerial paraphernalia. In this way
managerial costs are saved to larger extent.

NO LEGAL RESTRICTION: -There is no legal requirement

for starting a business. There are no special acts governing the
work of a sole proprietor. The proprietor is not required to
submit the result of his business to any authority. There is no
restriction in changing the nature of business. Even dissolution
of business can easily be undertaken. The tax liability on a
sole trader is also low. He is taxed as an individual and not as
a business unit.

SELF EMPLOYMENT: -The sole proprietorship form of

organization offers the means of self employment to those
who do not want to serve others. As everybody cannot get a
suitable job to earn his livelihood in a developing country, the
individually can easily start a small sized business unit as a
sole trader.

BENEFIT OF INHERITED GOODWILL: -A sole trader

passes on the business goodwill to his successor. Technically a
sole trade business is dissolved on the death of the owner but
in reality the same business is continued by family member.
The goodwill which one person earns during his lifetime is
also passed on to those who continue his business.
DISADVANTAGE OF SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP: -
One person control is best if that one person is powerful and
strong enough to have all the financial strength, managerial
skills, etc. required to successfully expanding a modern
commercial or business unit. Unfortunately, it I a rare
phenomenon to find a combination of all these requirement in a
single person. Therefore, the sole proprietorship is found to
suffer from the following limitation.

Limited Resources Uncertain

Continuity

Limited managerial Unlimited Liability

ability

DISADVANTAGE OF SOLE
No large scale PROPRIETORSHIP Limited scope for
economies employees

More risk involved

Weak bargaining
power

Instability Hasty decision

SOURCE: BUSINESS STUDIES, ARYAN PUBLICATIONS

LIMITED RESOURCES: -The resources of a sole proprietor
are limited. He makes investment from his family source only.
There is a limit to which a single person can invest. He tries to
raise finances from financial institutions also. These
institutions want securities for their loans. The sole trader
cannot offer much security, so he does not get much help from
financial institutions. The capacity for expanding business
operation is limited for want of resources, even when there is a
scope of expansions. Other forms of ownership are better
placed in the sole proprietor for raising financial resources.

LIMITED MANAGERIAL ABILITY: -The proprietor

being an individual cannot be the matter of all the branches of
the business. He will not be able to devote sufficient time to
all types of activities. He cannot be the expert of purchase,
sales, accounts, production and marketing etc. As such sole
trader suffers from limited managerial efficiency. Limited
managerial capacity will hinder the growth of concern.

UNLIMITED LIABILITY: -The liability of a sole proprietor

is unlimited; his privet property can also be assigned for
meeting business organizations. A loss in business may
 deprive him of his private assets also. Unlimited liability also
restricts his working. He tries to be cautious in taking risks. Its
acts as a detriment to the growth of business activities.

UNCERTAIN CONTINUITY: -The business continues till

the sole proprietor is there. In case of his mobility or death, the
business is discontinued. The successor of the sole proprietor
may not have an aptitude or ability to continue in the business.
The closer of a business will causes inconvenience to the
consumers. It will also result in social losses.

LIMITED SCOPE FOR EMPLOYEES: -A sole trader

cannot attract trained and qualified person for reasons of
limited career opportunities. Moreover, the continuity of sole
trade business being offer financial incentive to employees
because his activities are not of small scale. The employees
will try to join good concerns wherever an opportunity arises.

NO LARGE SCALE ECONOMIES: -A small-scale concern

cannot economies in purchases, productions and marketing. A
large-scale enterprise will be able to have favorable terms of
purchasing and selling of goods. In a sole trade concern
overhead expenses are also more. So this type of concern
cannot enjoy the benefit of large-scale economies.
MORE RISK INVOLVED: -A sole proprietor is to take all
decisions by himself. So there is a possibility of taking wrong
decisions. In other form of organizations the decisions are
taken by more then one person. So the possibility of mistakes
and wrong decisions is minimized. Lack of counseling may
creat difficult situation.

HASTY DECISION: - A sole trader being the wholesale in

charge of the business takes immediate decision. Sometimes
these decisions are taken haste, which prove to be incorrect in
future. Consequently, the firm has to suffer.

INSTABILITY: -The continuity of a business undertaking set

up in the form of sole trading is uncertain. Its continued
existence is uncertain after the death or even during the
prolonged illness of its owner since the business is dependent
on single person.

WEAK BARGAINGING POWER: -A sole proprietor

business has a small amount of capital and operates on a
relatively small scale. Its area of operation is also limited.
Even its creditworthiness is as good or bad as that of its
owner. For all this reasons, it cannot easily bargain for
favorable terms with outside parties such as suppliers,
financiers and customers.
 OBJECTIVE AND HYPOTHYSIS:-

MAIN OBJECTIVE:-

The main objective of this research report is, “To study the
difference between theoretical and practical practice of sole
proprietor”.

SUBSIDIARY OBJECTIVES:-

1. To revile the challenges faced by sole trader during the

course of actions.
 2. To see the registration regulations and there enforcement.

HYPOTHESIS:-

1. Sole proprietorship is better than other business units.

2. Benefits of sole proprietor are more than other business units.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:-

RESEARCH:-

Research can be defined as a scientific and systematic

search for pertinent information on a specific topic. Research
is an art of scientific investigation.
“Research comprises of defining and redefining
problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions,
collecting organizing and evaluating data, making deductions
and reaching conclusion and at last carefully testing the
conclusion to determine whether they fit the formulated
hypothesis.”
1. Sample size:

The sample size for survey is taken 40 which is consumer

preference regarding Sole proprietorship in Jodhpur.

2. Type of sample design:-

In this study, information will be collected from the different

area of consumer. Thus, it is a sample investigation. Here,
Judgment sampling design is referred in which using
probability methods initial sampling units are selected and
then additional information is obtained from information
supplied by initial units.

3. Research Design:-

Descriptive research design will be made in this study in

which problems faced by sole proprietor is considered.

4. Data Collection Method:-

Data collection is the most important part of any

Research project. It plays a vital role in fulfilling
the research objectives.
In this study, primary data collection method will be
used. A structured questionnaire was developed under the
supervision of experienced college faculty, which helped me
to extract detailed information with the aim of fulfilling the
research objective.

Questionnaire:-

A questionnaire consists of a number of questions

presented to respondents for their answers. The
questionnaire is varying flexible in that there are many
numbers of ways to ask questions.

A survey will be conducted on practical practice of sole

proprietor. People will be required to fill the questionnaire.
The questionnaire comprised of 19 questions covering the
various avenues of sole trader.
 Data Analysis:-
1. WHEN ASKED ABOUT REGISTRATION RESPONDANTS REPLIED:-

10% REGISTRATION

YES NO

90%

WHERE AS IN THEROTICAL WE ARE TOUGHT THAT

REGISTRATION IS COMPLERSERY.
2.WHEN ASKED ABOUT STATE REGULATION RESPONDANT

STATE REGULATION

JODHPUR MUNICIPAL ACT

JODHPUR LICENSING AND
STATE REGULATION 35% 50% 15% CONTROL ACT
NONE

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%

REPLIED:-
WHERE AS IN THEROTICAL WE ARE TOUGHT THAT ALL STATE
REGULATIONS ARE COMPLERSERY.

3. WHEN ASKED ABOUT CONTINITY RESPONDANT REPLIED:-

10
YEARS OF CONTINUITY
8

4 PERCENT
2

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

IN THEROTICAL WE ARE TOUGHT THAT CONTINUITY DEPENDS

UPON THE ABILITY OF THE PROPRIETOR.
4. WHEN QUESTION OF MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL ROISE
RESPONDENT REPLIED:-

89%
SELF
MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL Column1
11%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

THEROTICALLY IT IS SEEN THAT SOLE PROPRIETOR IS AN

SELF CONTROL BUSINESS.
5. FINANCIAL CAPACITY:-

3,00,000-MORE

1,50,000-3,00,00

50,000-1,50,000

0-50,000

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

IN BOOKS IT IS SEEN THAT FINANCIAL LIMIT OF SOLE TRADER

IS LIMITED TO ITS OWN CAPACITY OF INVESTING.
 6. LIABILITY YEARLY:-

60%
55%
50%

40%

30% 30% LIABILITY(RS)

20%

10% 10%
5%

0%
0-25,000 25,000-75,000 75,000-1,50,000 1,50,000-MORE

THEROTICALLY IT IS TRUE THAT LIABILITY OF SOLE TRADER

WILL BE ACCORDING TO THE PRIVATE CAPACITY OF THE
PROPRIETOR.

7. ANNUAL SALES:-

SALES
5%
35%
0-1,00,000
40% 1,00,000-2,50,000
2,50,000-5,00,000
5,00,000-MORE

20%
8. NET PROFIT:-

10%
20%
12%
0-40,000
40,000-1,00,000
1,00,000-3,00,000
3,00,000-MORE

58%

IN BOOKS IT IS SEEN THAT PROFIT IS NOT DIVIDED SO, NET

PROFIT OF SOLE TRADER IS HIGH.

9. WHEN QUESTION OF SECERECY WAS ASKED RESPONDENT

REPLIED:-

90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
COMPLET SECERECY PARTIAL SECERECY
IN BOOKS IT IS SEEN THAT DUE TO ITS SELF CONTROL THERE
IS COMPLET SECERECY OF INFORMATIONS.
10. WHEN ASKED ABOUT INSURANCE AND BANK FACILITIES
RESPONDENT REPLIED:-

FACILITIES

32%
NO
42%

78%
YES
58%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

BANK INSURANCE
THEROTICALLY ITS IS SEEN THAT BANK FACILITIES IS LESS
COMPARED TO INSURANCE FACILITIES TO SOLE TRADER.

11. WHEN QUESTION ABOUT THEIR SATISFACTION COME

RESPONDENT REPLIED:-

SATISFACTION

0.4 YES

0.6

WHEN ASKED ABOUT THE REASON FOR NON SATISFACTION

OF THEIR BUSINESS FORM REPLY WAS:-
 LESS BANK FACILITIES.
  WANT A BIG MARKET.

12. AND THE OTHER FORM OF BUSINESS THEY PREFERE ARE:-

OTHER PREFERED UNITS

JOINT HINDU FAMILY

COMPANY OTHER PREFERED UNITS

PARTNERSHIP

0% 20% 40%
60% 80%

Chi- Square Test

Description of Chi-square test:-

The chi-square test provides a method for testing the association

between the row and column variables in a two-way table. The
null hypothesis H0 assumes that there is no association between
the variables (in other words, one variable does not vary
according to the other variable), while the alternative hypothesis
Ha claims that some association does exist. The alternative
hypothesis does not specify the type of association, so close
attention to the data is required to interpret the information
provided by the test.

The chi-square test is based on a test statistic that measures the

divergence of the observed data from the values that would be
expected under the null hypothesis of no association. This
requires calculation of the expected values based on the data.
The expected value for each cell in a two-way table is equal to
(row total*column total)/n, where n is the total number of
observations included in the table.

Once the expected values have been computed (done

automatically in most software packages), the chi-square test
statistic is computed as

In which the square of the differences between the observed and

expected values in each cell, divided by the expected value, are
added across all of the cells in the table.
The distribution of the statistic X2 is chi-square with (r-1)(c-1)
degrees of freedom, where r represents the number of rows in
the two-way table and c represents the number of columns. The
distribution is denoted (df), where df is the number of degrees
of freedom.

That is, chi-square is the sum of the squared difference between

observed (o) and the expected (e) data (or the deviation, d), divided
by the expected data in all possible categories.

The table given below shows the data gathered from a survey
made on 40 Peoples Preference Regarding Sole trader.

Favorable Un-favorable Total

Persons satisfied 15 7 22
With Sole Trader

Persons satisfied 5 13 18
With other business
Units.
----- ------ ------
TOTAL 20 20 40

Test your result with the help of X2 at 5 % L.O.S.

Findings:-
Null hypothesis:-
Sole proprietor is not better than other business units.
Alternative Hypothesis:-
Sole proprietor is better than other business units.
1. Calculation of expected frequency by following formula in
following table:-

Expected freq. of any cell =

(Row total for row of that cell * Column total for column

of that cell) / GRAND TOTAL

Favorable Un-favorable Total

Persons satisfied 11 11 22
With Sole Trader

Persons satisfied 9 9 18
With other business
Units.
----- ------ ------
TOTAL 20 20 40

Degree of freedom = (r-1)(c-1)

= (2-1)(2-1)
=1
The table value of X2 for 2 degree of freedom at Level of
Significance at 5% is 5.991.

2. Calculation of calculated value of X2

Group O.F. E.F. O-E (O-E) 2/E

A 15 11 4 1.45
7 11 -4 1.45
B 5 9 -4 1.77
13 9 4 1.77

Here, Group A includes data of Persons satisfied with Sole

proprietorship.
Group B includes data of Persons satisfied with other business
units.
O.F. stands for Observed Frequency.
E.F. stands for Expected Frequency.
O.-E. stands for Observed Frequency – Expected Frequency.

So, X2 =6.44 approx.

Result
The calculated value of X2 is higher than the tabulated value of X2
at 5% Level of Significance.

Thus, Null hypothesis is rejected and Alternative hypothesis is

accepted which means Sole proprietorship is better than the
other business units.

Conclusion

It is concluded that sole proprietorship is popular form of

business among other form of business units due to it’s:-
 Complete secrecy of information.
 Undivided profit.
 Self control.

We see that our practical survey almost tallies with

theoretical study/concept. Thus the survey fulfills its objective and
stands true at its position containing positive results.
 Recommendations

1. It is recommended that if govt. involvement/ regulation is less

than popularity of sole proprietorship will increases.

2. If risk involvement is less in sole proprietorship then more and

more people will be attracted to it and self employment will
increase.

LIMITATIONS

1. Time constraint:-

This survey study requires a long span of time to do more

elaborative study but because of having lengthy syllabus and tight
schedule, lack of time being a limiting factor.
 2. Sample Size:-

This is an emerging topic now days, so sample size is not

sufficient, it should be 100 in one city to get more effective
results.

BIBLOGRAPHY

BOOKS
1. Comprehensive Business Studies,
Author: S.A.SIDDIQUI
LAXMI PUBLICATIONS (P) LTD
 2. Business studies,
Author: T.N.CHHABRA
ARYAN PUBLICATIONS (P) LTD

3. Oxford Business Studies,

Author: R.K.ARORA
NEERU SETHI
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

WEBSITES
1. www.google.com
2. www.classontheweb.com
3. www.foundationwebsite.org.
4. www.yahoo.co.in

APPENDIX 1

Schedule for the topic- “Comparative study between practical and

theoretical practices of sole proprietor perusing in Jodhpur”
 ________the questionnaire has been designed in such a
manner that most of the answers require only a tick mark from
you. So please spare a few moment for us………

NB: INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS QUESTIONNAIRE SHALL BE CONSIDERED AS STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL AND WILL BE USED FOR
ACADEMIC PURPOSE ONLY.

QUESTIONNAIRE

Survey of sole proprietor

1. Name of the business unit.

______________________________________________________________________________

2. Name and age of the proprietor

NAME _________________________________________________________________________

AGE __________________________________________________________________________

3. Proprietor’s Address__________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

4. Nature of business.___________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5. Location or area covered ______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________
6. Registration: -
YES NO

7. State Regulations:-
a) Jodhpur Municipal Act
b) Jodhpur Licensing and control Act
c) None

8. Continuity: -
a) 1 - 5 years c) 10 - 15 years
b) 5 -10 years d) More than 15 years

9. Origin of idea: -_______________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

10. Management and control: -

a) Self
b) Manager

11. No. of staff/members: -

a) One c) more than 10
b) Two or more

12. Financial capacity: -

a) 00000 - 50,0000 c) 1,50,000 - 3,00,000
b) 50,000 - 1,50,000 d) 3,00,000 & more

13. Liability yearly: -

a) 00,000 - 25,000 c) 75,000 - 1,50,000
b) 25,000 - 75,000 d) 1,50,000 & more

14. Annual sale: -

a) 00000 - 1,00,000 c) 2,50,000 - 5,00,000
b) 1,00,000 - 2,50,000 d) 5,00,000 & more

15. Net profit earned: -

a) 00,000 - 40,000 c) 1,00,000 - 3,00,000
b) 40,000 - 1,00,000 d) 3,00,000 & more

16. Business secrecy: -

a) Partial secrecy
b) Complete secrecy

17. Insurance facilities: -

YES NO
 18. Banking facilities: -
YES NO

19. Satisfaction regarding your performance: -

a) Satisfied
b) Not satisfied

If satisfied, WHY? AND If not satisfied, which form of business do you prefer?

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR VALUEABLE TIME

(SIGNATURE)