Table of Contents

1.0

Introduction
1.1
1

Statistical Hypothesis
1.1.1 Null hypothesis.
1
1.1.2 Alternative hypothesis.
1

1.2

Hypothesis Tests

1.3
2

Decision Errors

1.4

1.3.1 Type I error

1.3.2 Type II error

Decision Rules
2
1.4.1 Region of acceptance
3

1.5

2.0

3.0

One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Tests

Hypothesis Testing
2.1
4

Supporting Evidence

2.2

Opposing Evidence

Null Hypothesis
7
3.1
7

Supporting Evidence

3.2

Opposing Evidence

3.2.1 A logic of Falsification (Dont believe in the Null Hypothesis)

8
3.2.2 Why Null Hypothesis?
8

3.2.3 Cannot "prove" the hypothesis

9

4.0

P Value
11
4.1
11

Supporting Evidence
4.1.1 P-values are easy to calculate, even for complicated statistics.
11
4.1.2 P-values are relatively easy to understand.
11
4.1.3 P-values have simple, universal properties
11
4.1.4 P-values are calibrated to error rates scientists care about
11
4.1.5 P-values are useful for multiple testing correction.
12
4.1.6 P-values are reproducible.

4.2

Opposing Evidence
4.2.3 P is Arbitrary

5.0

12
12
13

Conclusion

15

Reference

16