SPSS FOR WINDOWS

SPSS
SPSS (Superior Performance Software System)
.
SPSS
, Norman Nie Dale Ben,
, 1965 Stanford University San Francisco

.
, ,

. ,
.
, .
FORTRAN IBM 7090.

, 1967, IBM 360 Statistical
Package for the Social Science. ,
Hadlai Hull.
1970 Chicago
Norman Nie . 1975
(SPSS6), 1981 7, 8 9.
/ PC- SPSS,
1983 PC- SPSS \ PC +
MS-DOS. 1984,
,
.

, Superior
Performance Software System ( ).
SPSS Windows .
SPSS
.
SPSS Windows SPSS 5.
6.0 6.1 Windows 3.1. 6.1.3
Windows 95 NT.
1996 SPSS 7 7.0 7.5.
,
, , SPSS
. 8.0 17.0.
.



SPSS .
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N/n

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32

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SPSS
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 SPSS.
SPSS, Start
SPSS. SPSS Data Editor (
SPSS).

SPSS ,
, "Untitled" ( ).
( .sav)
.
Data Editor .

.
, Variable
View var.
,
(Name, Type, Width, Decimals, Label, Values, Missing,
Columns, Align Measure) .

1. Name. , Name
, .

: ,
( , , @ #).
,
(: Er_1, Er.1, Er@1.1, Er1_s#p1). ,
, , !, ?," *.
,
,
.
2. Type. ,
Type Numeric
.
.

, .
Numeric

Comma

Dot

Scientific
notation
Date
Dollar

Custom
currency
String

. Width
.
Decimal places,
.

(,
.). ,
, .


().

(,
.). ,
, .


().

.


(, .).
,
, .
.
Width .
.
, .

3. Width.
. Type Numeric 8.
4. Decimals.
. Type Numeric 2.
5. Label. .
6. Values. ,
:

Value .

 Value label .
, Value
1. <b> Value label
Add. 2 0 - .

Change , Remove
. OK.
7. Missing. (Missimg values),

Missing,
:

No missing values ( )
.
Discrete missing values (-
) .
Range and one optional Discrete missing value (
) Low
() High (),
,
Discrete value.

10

8. Columns.
.
9. Align. (-left,
-Center -Right) .
10. Measure.
() .

:
Scale ( ), Ordinal ( ), Nominal
( ). ,
, string (),
Nominal Ordinal.

(ominal)
, , , ,
.
, (rdinal),
(ominal),
,
.
, .
(Scale)

.
.

11

 ,
. , Variable View
.

Data View .
, Data View
.

12

 View Value Labels Data View

.

13

 CU, COUNT, RECODE

CU
,

.

.
Transform/Compute .

Target Variable, (
)

Numeric Expression, ,
,

14

If..
.

, ,
.
( Paste):
Compute AAA=_1+_2

AAA
_1 _2

Compute MEAN=MEAN(_1,_2)

MEAN
_1
_2.

15

 COUNT
(case)
.
(Recode into different variables, Transform)
(Recode into same variable
Transform). ,
Recode (different same variable)
.
, _1, _2, _2, _2 1, 2 ,0
(, , ). , (case),
1
_1, _2, _2, _2.
Transform/Count :

Target Variable (Different)

(Same, )

Target Label
.
,
Numeric Variables ( , _1, _2, _2, _2).

Define Values
(.., , 1).
, Values
to Count.

16

17

 RCDE

.


.

ransform/Recode
(Into Same Variables) (Into
Different Variables).

ld and New Values

. ld New
.

18

19

 FREQUENCIES, DESCRIPTIVES, CROSSTABS

CORRELATION

FREQUENCIES
,

.
Analyze/Descriptive
Statistics/ Frequencies.

. Output
.

Valid

Total

Frequency
22

Percent
88,0

Valid Percent
88,0

Cumulative
Percent
88,0

8,0

8,0

96,0
100,0

4,0

4,0

25

100,0

100,0

. Valid
20

 Frequency (
). Percent
, Valid
Percent
(
- missing value). , Cumulative Percent
.
, ,
( , ..), Statistics.
(
), Charts.

21

 DESCRIPTIVES

.
Descriptives ()
, .
(
, , ).
, Analyze/Descriptive
Statistics/ Descriptives:
, ,

(missing value .

Output.
Descriptive Statistics
N

25

Valid N (listwise)

25

Minimum
20

Maximum
32

Mean
24,08

Std. Deviation
2,290

22

 CROSSTABS

.
() ,
(rows) (columns).
, , : row percent
( ), columns
percent ( )
total percent ( ).

(.., ),
Transform/recode.
Analyze/Descriptive
Statistics/ Crosstabs.

,
.

23

 Output .
* Crosstabulation
Count

Total

Total

17

20

22

25

Analyze/Descriptive Statistics/Crosstabs

, Cells
(row percent, columns percent, total percent .)
.

, (row percent)
(columns percent)
.
,
.
Statistics , : Chisquare (2), Correlations, Kappa, Risk ...

24

25

 CORRELATION ()

()
Correlation.
(Correlation Coefficient)
.
r -1 (
) +1 ( ). 0
.
,
.


.
.

Analyze/Correlate/Bivariate

26

 Pearson, Variables
.
Output .
Correlations

Pearson Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed)
N

Pearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N

-,059
,778

25

25

-,059

,778
25

25

27

 (Graphs)
Graphs.
(Bar chart)

(bar chart)
Graphs/Bar.

28

 ,
.

29

 , :
.

30

 (Pie chart)

(pie chart) ,
Graphs/Pie.

31

 ,
, :

32

 (Histogram chart)

(histogram chart),
, Graphs/Histogram.

33


(clustered bar chart). To
.
, .

34

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