OPEN

GLAUCOM
A
Amri Ashshiddieq
1310211145

DEFINITION
POAG is a chronic, progressive disease that most often presents with

characteristic

optic nerve (ON) damage,

retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL)defects, and
subsequent visual field (VF) loss

The majority of persons with POAG have elevated intraocular pressure (IOP)
(>21 mmHg)

TERMINOLOGY
Ocular Hipertention

some whose IOP levels are statistically abnormal (>21 mm Hg) have no
evidence of ON damage or loss of vision function
Normal Tension Glaucoma

OAG in which the IOP is below a certain level,typically 21 mm Hg

ETIOLOGY
Usually results from decreased outflow of aqueous fluid from the eye.

Though not well understood, this elevation in IOP is thought to be due to

resistance within the trabecular meshwork.

The etiology of glaucoma has been described as

mechanical or vascular.

EPIDEMIOLOGY
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of
blindness in the world (surpassed only by
cataracts, a reversible condition).
More than 3 million people are bilaterally
blind from POAG worldwide, and more than 2
million people will develop POAG each year.
75 % case of Glaucoma is POAG

RISK FACTOR

COMMON SIGN
Patients in the mild or moderate stages of OAG seldom have symptoms

or complaints.

When the disease progresses to the severe stage, some patients may

present with symptoms or complaints related to restricted VF or

reduced vision

Glaucoma patients' more common symptoms, complications, and

complaints are associated with the side effects, inconvenience, and cost of
medications to treat the disease

EARLY DETECTION AND

PREVENTION

preventing OAG (x)

predict who will develop the disease later in Life (x)

The presence of certain ocular, systemic, and general risk factors increases

the probability that a person will develop glaucoma.

Among these risk factors, only IOP can be altered Tonometry
Optic nerve assesment

60 percent (41%77%)

sensitivity
Perimetry

DIAGNOSIS
Initial Glaucoma evaluation
a.

Patient History

b.

Ocular Examination

Visual acuity
Pupil
Biomicroscopy
cornea and structures of the anterior and posterior chambers,
both before and after pupillary dilation
Tonometry
Pachymetry

GONIOSCOPY
Measure

iridocorneal angle

TREATMENT
Timolol Ofthalmic

1 gtt affected eye(s) BID 0.25%, if not

effective
increase 0.5% 1 gtt BID
XE formulation: 1 gtt qDay
Pilocarpine
Solution: Apply 1-2 gtt up to q6hr;

adjust concentration and frequency

as necessary to control IOP

Gel: Apply 0.5-inch ribbon in lower

conjunctival sac of affected eye(s)

qHS