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Mechanics of Solids: Shearing Stresses in Beams and Thin-Walled Members
Mechanics of Solids: Shearing Stresses in Beams and Thin-Walled Members
MECHANICS OF
SOLIDS
Shearing Stresses in
Beams and ThinWalled Members
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Shearing Stresses in Beams and
Thin-Walled Members
Introduction
Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element
Example 6.01
Determination of the Shearing Stress in a Beam
Shearing Stresses txy in Common Types of Beams
Sample Problem 6.2
Longitudinal Shear on a Beam Element of Arbitrary Shape
Example 6.04
Shearing Stresses in Thin-Walled Members
6-2
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
6-3
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Introduction
Transverse loading applied to a beam
results in normal and shearing stresses in
transverse sections.
Distribution of normal and shearing
stresses satisfies
Fx x dA 0
Fy t xy dA V
Fz t xz dA 0
M x yt xz z t xy dA 0
M y z x dA 0
M z y x 0
6-4
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element
Consider prismatic beam
For equilibrium of beam element
Fx 0 H D D dA
A
M D MC
y dA
I
A
Note,
Q y dA
A
M D MC
dM
x V x
dx
Substituting,
VQ
x
I
H VQ
q
shear flow
x
I
H
6-5
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element
Shear flow,
q
H VQ
shear flow
x
I
where
Q y dA
A
2
y dA
A A'
H VQ
q
x
I
Q Q 0
first moment wit h respect
to neutral axis
H H
q
6-6
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Example 6.01
SOLUTION:
6-7
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Example 6.01
SOLUTION:
Q Ay
0.020 m 0.100 m 0.060 m
120 10 6 m3
1 0.020 m 0.100 m 3
I 12
1 0.100 m 0.020 m 3
2[12
I
16.20 10-6 m 4
3704 N
m
6-8
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Determination of the Shearing Stress in a Beam
The average shearing stress on the horizontal
face of the element is obtained by dividing the
shearing force on the element by the area of
the face.
H q x VQ x
A
A
I t x
VQ
It
t ave
6-9
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Ib 2 A
t max
y 2
c 2
3V
2A
t ave
6 - 10
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
For a narrow rectangular beam,
VQ 3 V
t xy
Ib 2 A
t max
y 2
c 2
3V
2A
6 - 11
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 6.2
SOLUTION:
Develop shear and bending moment
diagrams. Identify the maximums.
Determine the beam depth based on
allowable normal stress.
A timber beam is to support the three
concentrated loads shown. Knowing
that for the grade of timber used,
all 1800 psi
6 - 12
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 6.2
SOLUTION:
Develop shear and bending moment
diagrams. Identify the maximums.
Vmax 3 kips
M max 7.5 kip ft 90 kip in
6 - 13
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 6.2
Determine the beam depth based on allowable
normal stress.
all
M max
S
1800 psi
90 103 lb in.
0.5833in. d 2
d 9.26 in.
1 bd3
I 12
I
S 16 b d 2
c
16 3.5 in.d 2
0.5833 in.d 2
t all
6 - 14
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
6 - 15
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
6 - 16
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Longitudinal Shear on a Beam Element
of Arbitrary Shape
We have examined the distribution of
the vertical components txy on a
transverse section of a beam. We now
wish to consider the horizontal
components txz of the stresses.
Consider prismatic beam with an
element defined by the curved surface
CDDC.
Fx 0 H D C dA
a
VQ
x
I
H VQ
x
I
6 - 17
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Example 6.04
SOLUTION:
Determine the shear force per unit
length along each edge of the upper
plank.
6 - 18
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Example 6.04
SOLUTION:
Determine the shear force per unit
length along each edge of the upper
plank.
VQ 600 lb 4.22 in 3
lb
q
92
.
3
I
in
27.42 in 4
q
lb
46.15
2
in
edge force per unit length
27.42 in 4
GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology
F f 46.15 1.75 in
in
F 80.8 lb
6 - 19
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Shearing Stresses in Thin-Walled Members
Consider a segment of a wide-flange
beam subjected to the vertical shear V.
The longitudinal shear force on the
element is
H
VQ
x
I
H VQ
t x It
VQ
It
NOTE: t xy 0
t xz 0
GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology
in the flanges
in the web
6 - 20
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Shearing Stresses in Thin-Walled Members
The variation of shear flow across the
section depends only on the variation of
the first moment.
q tt
VQ
I
6 - 21
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Shearing Stresses in Thin-Walled Members
For a wide-flange beam, the shear flow
increases symmetrically from zero at A
and A, reaches a maximum at C and the
decreases to zero at E and E.
The continuity of the variation in q and
the merging of q from section branches
suggests an analogy to fluid flow.
6 - 22
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 6.3
SOLUTION:
For the shaded area,
Q 4.31in 0.770 in 4.815 in
15.98 in 3
VQ 50 kips 15.98 in 3
t
It
394 in 4 0.770 in
t 2.63 ksi
6 - 23