Jung and Myers – Briggs

Typology
 Carl G Jung (1921/1971), > a Swiss psychiatrist, developed a
theory that explains personality similarities and differences by
identifying attitudes of people ( Extrovert and Introvert) along with
opposite mental functions, which are the ways people perceive or
prefer to take in and make use of information from the world around
them. Jung proposed that people are likely to operate in a variety of
ways depending on the circumstances. Despite these situations
adaptations, each individual will tend to develop comfortable
patterns, which dictate behavior in certain predictable ways. Jung
used the word type to identify these styles of personality.
Jung said that everyone uses these opposing perceptions to
some degree when dealing with people and situations, but each person
has a preference from one way of looking at the world. Individuals
become more skilled in arriving at a decisions in either a thinking or
feeling way and can function as extraverts at one time, but they tend
to develop patterns that are most typical and comfortable.
Myers –Briggs dichotomous dimensions or preference

Extraversion (E) <---------------> Introversion (I)

Sensing (S) <---------------> Intuition (N)

Thinking (T) <---------------> Feeling (F)

Judgment (J) <---------------> Perception (P)

 By combining the different preferences,
Myers and Briggs identified 16 personality
types, each with its owns strength and
interests.
People can be classified into the 16
personality types by using the following
four constructs.
•Extraversion
•Sensing-intuition
•Thinking-feeling
•Judging-perceiving
1. Extraversion-introversion (E-I)
reflects an orientation to either the
outside world of people and things or to the
inner world of concepts and ideas. This pair of
opposite preferences describes the extent to
which our behavior are determined by our
attitudes toward the world. Jung invented the
terms from Latin words meaning outward
turning (extraversion) or inward turning
(introversion).
2.Sensing-intuition (S-N)
Describes perception as coming directly
through the five senses or indirectly by the
way of the unconscious. This pair of opposite
preferences explains how people understands
what is experienced. People who prefer sensing
experience the world through their senses.
They observed what is real, what is factual,
and what is actually happening. Seeing or
experiencing is believing. These sensory
functions allow the individual to observe
carefully, gather facts, and focus on practical
actions
3. Thinking-Feeling (T-F)
is the approach used by individuals to arrive
at judgments thought objective versus
subjective processes. Thinking types analyze
information, data, situations, and people and
make decisions based on logic. They are careful
and slow in the analysis of the data, because
accuracy and thoroughness are important to
them. They trust objectivity and put faith in
logical predictions and rational arguments.
Thinking types explore and weigh all
alternatives, and final decision is reached
impersonally, unemotionally, and carefully.
4. Judging-perceiving
According to Myers and Briggs, an
individual comes to a conclusion about or
becomes aware of something through a
preferences of judging, which is the desire to
regulate and bring closure to circumstances in
life or through their preferences of perceiving
which is the desire to be open minded and
understanding.
Instruments to Measure the Myers-Briggs
Personality Types
Myers and Briggs developed an
instrument called the Myers-Briggs Type
Indicator (MBTI) that would permit people to
learn about their own type of behavior and
thus understand themselves better with
respect to the way in which they interact with
others. Although though the MBTI is not a
learning style instruments, it does measure
differences in personality types, which are
combinations of the four dichotomous
preferences. The MBTI is a forced-choice,
self report inventory.
 Myers-Briggs types: examples of learning
Extraversion
• Likes group work
• Dislikes slow-paced
learning
• Likes action and to
experience
• things so as to learn
• Offers opinions without
being asked
• Asks questions to check on
the
• Expectations of educator
Introversion
• Likes quite space
• Dislikes interruptions
• Likes learning that deals
with thoughts, ideas
• Offers opinions only when
asked
• Ask questions to allow
understanding of learning
activity
Sensing Intuition
• Practical • Always likes something new
• Realistic • Imaginative
• Observant • Sees possibilities
• Learns from orderly sequence of • Prefers the whole concept versus
details details
Thinking Feeling
• Low need for harmony • Values harmony
• Fins ideas and things more • More interested in people than
interesting than people things or ides
• Analytical • Sympathetic
• Fair • Accepting
Judging Perceiving
• Organized • Open Ended
• Methodical • Flexible
• Work oriented • Play oriented
• Controls the environment • Adapts to environment