Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Nota Hubungan Luar Malaysia
Nota Hubungan Luar Malaysia
Nota Hubungan Luar Malaysia
DIPLOMASI BILATERAL
Pengenalan
Diplomasi duahala merupakan suatu mekanisma penting di dalam mengeratkan hubungan duahala di antara Malaysia
dan negara-negara lain. Walaupun asas hubungan duahala adalah dalam bentuk aktiviti politik serta berasaskan
ekonomi, namun skop kerjasama duahala telah berkembang ke bidang-bidang lain. Kerjasama di dalam bidang
kebudayaan, pelancongan, pendidikan, sains dan teknologi telah mencatatkan peningkatan yang signifikan saban
tahun.
Sehingga Mac 2012, Malaysia telah menubuhkan sebanyak 106 Perwakilan Malaysia di luar negara yang terdiri
daripada 67 Kedutaan, 16 Suruhanjaya Tinggi, 2 Perwakilan Tetap ke PBB dan 1 di ASEAN, sebuah Pusat
Persahabatan dan Perdagangan Malaysia serta 19 Pejabat Konsulat. Terdapat beberapa buah perwakilan tersebut
yang turut ditauliahkan serentak ke beberapa negara. Rangkaian jaringan Perwakilan Malaysia ini jelas menunjukkan
bukti penekanan Malaysia terhadap jalinan hubungan diplomatik duahala.
Hubungan duahala dengan rakan Malaysia yang membangun dan maju akan digunakan oleh Malaysia bagi
mengenalpasti peluang untuk mengeratkan kerjasama politik selain memperkenalkan pembangunana sosio-ekonomi
Malaysia. Malaysia akan lebih berfokuskan kepada memperkasakan diplomasi ekonomi bagi peningkatan
perdagangan, pelaburan dan peluang pelancongan.
Fokus utama diplomasi duahala adalah untuk mengekalkan dan mempertingkatkan hubungan politik duahala, promosi
perdagangan dan pelaburan, meningkatkan kerjasama dan pembinaan kapasiti dalam pelbagai bidang, melaksanakan
pembangunan infrastruktur serta mempromosikan kestabilan dan keamanan.
2.
memperkukuhkan hubungan dua hala antara Malaysia dengan negara membangun lain;
3.
4.
2.
3.
4.
Penghantaran pakar
5.
6.
Bantuan perkakasan/peralatan
Untuk maklumat lanjut, sila kunjungi laman web rasmi PKTM melalui http://mtcp.kln.gov.my
Triti Pelbagai Hala (Versi Bahasa Inggeris)
List of Multilateral
Argriculture
1.
International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Rome, 3 November 2001.
Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including
the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, Washington, London and Moscow, 27 January 1967
2.
Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into
Outer Space, Washington, London and Moscow, 22 April 1968 ( hereafter 1968 Rescue Agreement )
3.
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Vienna, 22 March 1985
Communications
1.
Universal Postal Convention and General Regulation of UPU, Rio de Janeiro, 26 October 1979
2.
3.
4.
Universal Postal Convention and General Regulation of UPU, Hamburg, 27 July 1984
5.
6.
Commodities
1.
3.
4.
Agreement establishing the Southeast Asia Tin Research and Development Centre, Bangkok, 28 April 1977
5.
6.
Agreement establishing the Common Fund for Commodities, Geneva, 27 June 1980
7.
8.
Agreement establishing the Association of Tin Producing Financial Agreement, London, 30 March 1983
9.
International Convention on the Harmonized Comodity Description and Coding System, Brussels, 14 Jun 1983
International Convention for the Publication of Customs Tariffs, Brussels, 5 July 1890:(i)
Protocol modifying the 1890 Convention concerning the Creation of an International Union of Publication
of Customs Tariff, Brussels, 16 December 1949
2.
Convention on the Nomenclature in Goods in Customs Tariff and 1955 amending Protocol, Brussels, 15
December 1950
3.
4.
Customs Convention on the Temporary Importation of Private Road Vehicles, New York, 4 Jun 1954
5.
Convention concerning Customs Facilities for Touring, New York, 4 Jun 1954:(i)
Additional Protocol to the 1954 Convention concerning Customs Facilities for Touring relating to the
Importation Tourist Publicity and Material, New York, 4 Jun 1954
6.
Convention on the A.T.A Carnet for the Temporary Admission of Goods, Brussels, 6 December 1963
7.
International Convention on the Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures, Kyoto, 18 May 1973
8.
International Convention to Facilitate the importation of Commercial Samples and advertising Material
9.
Convention concerning Custom Facilities For Touring , New York , 4 June 1954
10. Customs Conventions on Temporary Importation of Private Roads Vehicle New York , 4 June 1954
Diplomatic & Consular Relations
1.
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, Vienna, 18 April 1961:(i). Optional Protocol to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations concerning Acquisition of Nationality,
Vienna, 18 April 1961
(ii) Optional Protocol to 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations concerning the Compulsory
Settlement of Disputes, Vienna, 18 April 1961
Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Testing in the Atmosphere in Outer Space and Underwater, Moscow, 5 August
1963
2.
Treaty on the Non Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, London, Moscow, Washington, 1 July 1968
6
Dikompli Oleh:
Cikgu Sofiah, Cikgu Mahadi & Cikgu Fauzi
Treaty of the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on
the Seabed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subject thereof, London, Moscow, Washington, 11 February 1971
4.
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and
Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction, London, Moscow, Washington, 10 April 1972
5.
6.
Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, Vienna, 26 September
1986
7.
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on
their Destruction, Geneva,3 September 1992
8.
9.
Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on
their Destruction, Oslo, 18 September 1997
Disputes Settlement
1.
Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, The Hague, 18 October 1907
2.
Optional Protocol of Signature concerning the Compulsory Settlement of Disputes, Geneva, 29 April 1958
3.
Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and National of Other States, Washington,
18 March 1965
Convention for Limiting the Manufacture and Regulating the Distribution of Narcotic Drugs, New York, 11
December 1946
2.
Protocol Bringing Under International Drugs Outside the Scope of the Convention of 13 July 1931 for Limiting the
Manufacture and Regulating the Distribution of Narcotic Drugs as amended by the Protocol signed at Lake
Success, New York, 11 December 1946
3.
Protocol Bringing Under International Drug Outside the Scope of the Convention of 13 July 1931 for Limiting the
Manufacture and Regulating the Distribution of Narcotic Drugs as amended by the Protocol signed at Lake
Success, New York, 11 December 1946 Paris , 19 November 1948.
4.
Protocol amending 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Geneva, 25 March 1972
5.
6.
Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, Vienna, 20 December 1988
Environment
1.
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Vienna, 22 March 1985
2.
International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, Brussels, 29 November 1969
3.
International Convention on the establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution
Damage, Brussels, 18 December 1971
4.
International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation, London, 30 November 1990
Health
1.
Human Rights
1.
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, New York, 18 December 1979
2.
Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property and Revision, Paris, 20 March 1883
2.
Convention establishing the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO), Stockholm, 14 July 1967
International Law
1.
2.
Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, New York, 10 June 1958
3.
International Organisation
1.
Statutes of the International Atomic Energy Agency, New York, 26 October 1956
2.
3.
4.
Agreement for the Establishment of a Regional Animal Production and Health Commission for Asia and the
Pacific, Rome, 22 June 1973
5.
Agreement for the Establishment of a Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific, Kuala
Lumpur, 29 July 1978
6.
Constitution of the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Quebec, 16 October 1945
Labour
1.
Medical Examination of Young Persons (SEA) Convention (ILO 16), Geneva, 11 November 1921
2.
3.
4.
5.
Navigation
1.
International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of law relating to Assistance and Salvage at Sea,
Brussels, 23 September 1910
2.
International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law Respecting Collission between Vessels,
Brussels, 23 September 1910
3.
Convention and Statute on the International Regime of Maritime Ports, Geneva, 9 December 1923
4.
International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills Lading, Brussels, 25 August
1924
5.
2.
2.
Agreement on the Reconstruction of the Commonwealth Agricultural Bereaux as Cab International, London, 8 July
1986
Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating Methods of Warfare, Geneva, 17 Jun 1925
2.
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, New York, 9 December 1948
Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations New York , 13 February 1946
2.
Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies New York , 21 November 1947
3.
International Labour Organisation to the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized
Agencies San Francisco, 10 Julai 1948
4.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ( FAO ) to the Convention on the Privileges and
Immunites of the Specialized Agencies Washington , 29 November 1948
2.
3.
Agreement Establishing the International Fund For Agricultural Development Rome , 13 June 1976
Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone , Geneva , 29 April 1958
2.
Convention on Fishing and Conservation of the Living Resources of the High Seas, Geneva, 29 April 1958
3.
Status of Women
1.
International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency , Geneva 20 April 1929
2.
Protocol to the International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency Geneva,20 April 1929
Disediakan Oleh:
Puan Sofiah Zakaria, Encik Mahadi Mat Zain & Encik Ahmad Fauzi Mohamed
9
Dikompli Oleh:
Cikgu Sofiah, Cikgu Mahadi & Cikgu Fauzi
Disediakan Oleh:
Puan Sofiah Zakaria, Encik Mahadi Mat Zain & Encik Ahmad Fauzi Mohamed
10
Dikompli Oleh:
Cikgu Sofiah, Cikgu Mahadi & Cikgu Fauzi
HUBUNGAN DIPLOMATIK
Malaysia sentiasa mengekalkan hubungan diplomatik yang baik dengan negara luar dengan
mengamalkan prinsip rundingan, keterbukaan dan kerjasama dalam bidang ekonomi, sosial dan
politik.
YAB Perdana Menteri telah mengadakan lawatan rasmi ke Uzbekistan selama empat hari dalam
usaha menjalin hubungan dua hala yang lebih mesra dan akrab antara kedua-dua buah negara.
Semasa pertemuan YAB Perdana Menteri dengan Presiden Uzbekistan, kedua-dua belah pihak
telah bersepakat untuk mengukuhkan kerjasama politik dan meningkatkan kerjasama ekonomi.
YAB Perdana Menteri turut mengadakan mesyuarat delegasi dan pemeteraian dua memorandum
persefahaman berkaitan kerjasama dalam bidang sains dan teknologi serta pengajian dengan
Uzbekistan.
Sumber Maklumat:
Buletin Isu-Isu Semasa Dan Media Tempatan Dan Asing
Kementrian Penerangan Malaysia
http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/component/content/article/99-isu-negeri/2486-hubungandiplomatik-malaysia.html
DASAR LUAR NEGARA
Pengenalan
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan Dasar Luar Negara? Dasar Luar Negara bermaksud dasar
kerajaan terhadap negara-negara lain. Negara juga boleh diibaratkan sebagai seorang manusia.
Oleh itu, sesebuah negara perlulah menjaga keselamatannya. Kita semua ingin menjalankan tugas
rutin harian tanpa diganggu atau diancam oleh pihak-pihak tertentu. Begitu juga sesebuah negara
perlu mengekalkan kedaulatannya serta menjamin keselamatannya daripada serangan musuh. Hal
ini lebih diutamakan bagi sesebuah negara yang kecil seperti Malaysia. Kadangkala negaranegara kecil ini terpaksa mencari perlindungan daripada kuasa-kuasa besar, atau bekerjasama
dengan negara lain untuk mempertahankan kepentingan bersama. Keperluan asas negara yang
berikutnya ialah mencari sumber pendapatan. Berdasarkan hal ini, sesebuah negara perlulah
menjamin kepentingan ekonomi perdagangan yang menjadi punca pendapatannya.
Negara-negara yang bergantung kepada perdagangan tentu akan memelihara hubungan yang
baik dengan negara-negara lain bagi memasarkan barangannya atau bagi mendapatkan bahan
mentah yang diperlukannya. Oleh itu, sekiranya kita ingin memahami dasar luar sesebuah negara,
kita mesti mengetahui keperluan asas negara itu dari segi keselamatan ekonomi dan politik. Di
samping itu pula, kita mesti mengetahui tentang latar belakang sejarah dan kebudayaan
masyarakat tersebut.
11
Dikompli Oleh:
Cikgu Sofiah, Cikgu Mahadi & Cikgu Fauzi
12
Dikompli Oleh:
Cikgu Sofiah, Cikgu Mahadi & Cikgu Fauzi
13
Dikompli Oleh:
Cikgu Sofiah, Cikgu Mahadi & Cikgu Fauzi