APPARATUS

MATERIAL USED

Figure 1: The sand that is produced from the addition of silica sand, coal dust, bentonite and
water altogether in the aluminum tray.

EQUIPMENT USED

Figure 2: The digital weighing device used in this experiment in order to determine the specific
weight of the sand.

Figure 3: Sand rammer that is used to ram the sand for 3 times before permeability testing.

Figure 4: Permeability Machine that is used to check the permeability properties of the rammed
sand.

Figure 5: Universal Sand Strength Testing Machine that used to determine the strength of the
rammed sand

Figure 6: Funnel tube that is used to allow the sand specimen into the cylindrical steel tube.

Figure 7: Cylindrical steel tube that is used to store the sand specimen.

HAND TOOLS USED

Figure 8: Specimen tube that functions to remove the rammed sand out from the cylinder steel
tube.

Figure 9: Vernier caliper that used to measure the height of the sand specimen after permeability
test.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1

The desired green sand needed is weighted by using the digital weighing devices
ranges between 145g to 175g.

The green sand was then filled in a cylindrical steel tube with the help of a funnel tube
altogether with stopper at the end of the cylindrical steel tube.

The cylindrical steel tube is then located below the ramming machine, then the
ramming process started by pulling down the handle three times.

The cylindrical steel tube then was carried out from the ramming machine and
correctly placed on the top of the permeability machine. The permeability machine was
turned on and the scale was set to zero.

The permeability result was collected and recorded.

The sand specimen was removed from the cylindrical tube by using specimen tube and the
height was measured and recorded.

After that, the specimen was placed to the universal sand strength testing machine. The
rammed sand specimen need to achieve the height of 50.8mm 0.125 mm to ensure specimen
broke/ failure within the strength range on the universal sand strength testing machine.

The initial reading was taken by setting the magnet pieces to the zero reading.

The sand specimen was compressed by using the universal sand strength testing machine until
the sand specimen fails to support the load.

10 The reading of the condition where the sand specimen broke/failure was recorded for analysis
purposed.