110 MW Steam Turbine Manual

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS MANUAL
110 MW STEAM TURBINE

AND
ACCESSORIES
VOLUME 1
BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LTD.

RAMACHANDRAPURAM
HYDERAB AD-500 032
CONTENTS
Description
INTRODUCTION
Page No. Article No.
...
...
Drawing
...
01-00-00
MAIN TECHNICAL DATA OFTURBOSETS ...
02-00-00
03-00-00
03-02-00
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF THE MAIN

PARTS..................................................................
TURBINE CASINGS
...............................
STEAM TURBINE
...
...
...
MEASURING POINTS OF METAL TEMPERA

TURE ....................................................................
3-10-1500-D
GLAND STEAM SYSTEM ...................................
3-10-2069-S
11
03-04-00
SCHEME OF GLAND STEAM AND DRAIN
2-10-1C19-S
REGULATION OF H.P. GLAND STEAM
...
1-10-2011-S
REGULATION OF L.P. GLAND STEAM
...
1-10-2010-S
ROTORS, BEARINGS AND TURNING GEAR

THERMAL
EXPANSION
OF CASINGS
AND ROTORS MEASUREMENT OF BEARING
VIBRATIONS ...
15
MECHANICAL TURNING GEAR DESCRIPTION

TURNING GEAR
............
03-05-00
3-10-OD37-M
17
03-05-05
0-10-1018-S
3-10-2020-S
WIRING DIAGRAM OF 110 MWTURNING

GEAR
...
OIL SYSTEM
...............................
19
03-06-00
SCHEME OF OIL PIPING SYSTEMS 110 MW ...
0-10-1003^8
INJECTOR
3-10-2024-S
............................
OIL FILTER DESCRIPTION
...
OIL FILTER
...
..............................
23
03-06-08
3-10-2035-S
REGULATION AND SAFETY EQUIPMENT

FOR TURBINE PROPER.................................
SPEED SENSING ELEMENT
PUMP
................
..............
TRANSFORMER DESCRIPTION
TRANSFORMER
LIMITER DESCRIPTION
LIMITER
...
03-07-00
27
03-07-01
3-10-2036-S
...
...
..............
...
3-10-2032-S
...
3-10-2037-S
..............................
3-10-2040-S
NON UNIFORMITY CHANGER

SPEED CHANGER
...
25
...
...
29
...
33
03-07-02
03-07-03
...............
...
3-10-2046-S
...
...
3-10-2017-S
PRESURE LIMITER DRIVE .................................
3-10-2043-S
POSITIONS OF LIMITER
QUICK CLOSING
RETURN FLAPS
VALVES AND
................
NON
...
37
03-07-04
H.P. QUICK CLOSING STOP AND GOVERNING

VALVE ASSEMBLY
.................................
3-10-2021-S
SERVOMOTOR OF H.P. QUICK STOP VALVE...
3-10-2048-S.
CONTENTS-Contd.
Description
SERVOMOTOR OF L.P QUICK CLOSING
STOP VALVE
..
..
.
L.P QUICK CLOSING INTERCEPTOR
VALVE
..
..
NON RETURN VALVE

.
ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAY .
CHANGE OVER VALVE
..
ACCELERATOR
..
..
..
GOVERNING VALVES
.
..
GOVERNING VALVES DRIVE 1 / 4 ..
SERVOMOTOR OF L.P INTERCEPT VALVE
LIFT OF GOVERNING AND INTERCEPTOR
VALVES Vs SECONDARY OIL PRESSURE
EMERGENCY GOVERNORS .
.
EMERGENCY GOVERNOR .
TESTER OF EMERGENCY GOVERNOR

( DESCRIPTION )
..
TESTER OF OVER SPEED GOVERNORS
OIL DISTRIBUTOR ( DESCRIPTION )
OIL DISTRIBUTOR ..
..
.
NON RETURN VALVE Js 10 ..
MAGNETIC RELAY( DESCRIPTION )

RELAY OF MAGNET ..
.
.
ACCELERATOR RELAY (DESCRIPTION )..
ACCELERATOR
.
MAIN RELAY ( DESCRIPTION ) .
MAIN RELAY
.
.
.
MAIN RELAY
.
.
HYDRO-MECHNICAL AXIAL PROTECTION
( DESCRIPTION )
.
..
MECHNICAL PROTECTION OF DISPPLACEMENT
.
..
ELECTROMAGNETIC PROTECTION OF
AXIAL MOVEMENT OF THE THRUST
BEARING COLLAR,RELATIVE EXPANSION OF ROTORS AND CASING ..
ELECTRICAL PROTECTION OF DISPLACEMENT
..
SENSING DEVICE FOR ROTORS EXETENSION FRONT .

SENSING DEVICE FOR ROTORS EXETENSION REAR
..
APPERATUS FOR MEASURING THE VIB

RATIONS OF BEARING PEDESTALS .
Page. No
43
49
51
53
55
57
59
67
Article No.
_
3-10-2049-S
_
_
_
_
_
03-07-05
_
_
3-10-2047-S
4-10-1063-S
3-10-2041-S
3-10-2028-S
3-10-2042-S
TC-0097-D
( Graph )
_
_
03-07-07
_
03-07-08
_
_
03-07-09
_
03-07-10
_
03-07-11
_
_
73
3-10-2031-S
3-10-2050-S
4-10-1046-S
2-10-1010-S
3-10-2026-S
4-10-1045-S
3-10-2025-S
3-10-2051-S
3-10-2044-S
3-10-2018-S
03-07-12
_
69
Drawing No.
3-10-2023-S
_
_
3-10-2022-S
3-10-2038-S
3-10-2039-S
03-07-14
CONTENTSContd,
Description
TECHNICAL DATA OF ACCESSORIES IN
CONDENSATION AND REGENERATIVE
SYSTEM .............................................................
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT IN CONDEN
SATION AND REGENERATIVE SYSTEM ...
SURFACE CONDENSER ...
...
...
SURFACE CONDENSER ...
...
...
CONDENSER VACUUM CURVES 110 MW ...
Page No, Article No. Drawing No.
75
03-08-00
79
03-09-00'
CONDENSER VACUUM CURVES 110 MW...

STARTING EJECTOR AND THE MAIN
EJECTOR
...
...
STEAM JET AIR EJECTOR.,
...
...
STARTING EJECTOR
...
...
...
COOLING WATER CIRCUIT
...
...
LEVEL CONTROLLER IN THE CONDENSER
(DESCRIPTION)
...
...
...
LEVEL CONTROLLER
...
...
...
REGENERATIVE SYSTEM ...
...
...
CYCLE OF 1ST AND 2ND STAGE HEATING
(LPH)
...
...
...
CYCLE OF 3RD STAGE HEATING (LPH)
AND EXPANDER OF WORKING CONDENSATE
...
...
...
CYCLE OF IV STAGE HEATING ...
...
CYCLE OF V STAGE HEATING ...
...
CYCLE OF VI STAGE HEATING ...
CYCLE OF VII STAGE HEATING ...

...
CYCLE OF VIII STAGE HEATING...
...
TESTING OF SIGNALISATION AND PRO
TECTION SYSTEM OF HEATERS
...
L.P. HEATER No. 3
...
...
...
LEVEL REGULATOR
...
...
...
EXPANDER
..............................
H.P. HEATER 1
...
...
...
83
87
89
03-09-02
03-09-04
91
03-09-05
03-10-00
93
03-10-01
95
99
101
103
105
107
03-10-03
03-10-04
03-10-05
03-10-06
03-10-07
03-10-08
109
03-10-09
0-14-1035
014-1036
RC-0038
(Graph)
RC-0039
(Graph)
0-14-1032-A
0-14-1031-A
0-10-1016-S
0-14-1018-A
0-14-1014-A
0-14-1015-A
0-14-1021-A
01.00.00
INTRODUCTION
These operating instructions have

been specially prepared for the
use of the customer, giving
details of the turbo setserving
as a partial documentation of
the complete operating instructions for the entire block.
However, please note, these
instructions are not to be passed
on to a third person without the
prior consent of the manufacturer.
These operating instructions are
based on the assumption that the
user has a basic knowledge of the
turboset and its operation, and
of the various safety regulations
in force.
To ensure reliable, faultless operation and maximum possible
service life of the machinery,
knowledge of all instructions and
the experience attained in practice, are essential, since no operating instructions can completely
cover all the possibilities that may
arise during operation of such
extensive equipment.
To acquire detailed knowledge,
it is recommended that the operating personnel be closely involved in the erection of the
equipment, and, in the operational tests, during the commissioning of the set. It is also
necessary that the operator performing the loading and unloading of the unit, should be
acquainted, not only with the

instructions for the turbo-alternator and other electrical equipment, but also with the concerned
articles of the instructions dealing
with the turbine and boiler. In
case of unit operation, it is
suggested that the boiler attendant in-charge be acquainted
with the turboset operation in
general.
The descriptive part of these
instructions deal mainly with
those parts and circuits which
must be operated by the attending
personnel during the starting
operations.
The assembly drawings, layouts,
schemes, passport and other
necessary documents have already
been supplied to the customer.
The operating instructions for the
turbo-alternator and its auxiliaries and pumps are supplied
separately.
The manufacturer reserves the
right of changing these instructions according to the experience
gained during the long term operation of other machines of the
same type.
After the trial run at site, our
commissioning engineers may feel
the need to change certain portions of the operating instructions, due to specific conditions
of the unit. Such changes will
be intimated to all customers by
the commissioning engineers.
1
02.00.00
MAIN TECHNICAL
DATA OF TURBOSETS
H.P. cylinder - 2 row curtis

wheel + 8 moving wheels.
02.01.01
The basic parameters:
Wt. of HP rotor approx. 5,500kg.
Rated output measured at the

terminals of the generator as per
CNS 080030
110,000 k\v
M.P. cylinder12 moving wheels.
Economical output 95,000 kw
Wt. of MP roto r app ro x.! 1,000 kg'

L.P. cylinder4 moving wheels
of double-flow design.
Rated speed
3,000 rpm
Wt.of LP rotor approx. 24;()0()kg.
Rated pressure of steam just

before the stop valve
130 ata
Direction of the turbine rotationto the right, when looking at the

turbine from the front bearing
pedestal.
Max. pressure of steam before

the stop valve
146 ata
Rated temp, of steam before the
stop valve
535C
Max. temp, of steam before the
stop valve
545C
Rated pressure of steam before
the M.P. casing
31.63 ata
Max. pressure of steam before
the M.P. casing
35 ata
02.01.03
The Quantity of oil for first filling:
For the turbine
approx.
19.000
For oil system of

generator, approx.
4,400
liters
23,400
liters
Rated temp, of steam before the

M.P. casing
535C
Max. temp, of steam before the
M.P. casing
545C
No.of non-regulated extractions 8.
02.01.02
System of the turbine:
4 governing valves + 2 interceptor valves.
Total ;
liters
Consumption of make-up oil for

the whole turbo set 0.38 kg/hr.
02.01.04
Rotors rotate at 62 rpm. on
turning gearduring Starting and
Stopping.
3
03.00.00
FUNCTIONAL
DESCRIPTION OF
THE MAIN PARTS
03.01.00
GENERAL DESCRIPTION :
03.01.01
There are two live steam lines
connecting the boiler to the
turbine. There are two cold reheat and two hot reheat lines
connecting the reheater and the
turbine. In each of the two live
steam lines, one electrically operated isolating valve, one water
separator and one quick closing
stop valve are mounted.
which remain closed up to the

moment of actual starting up by
steam. For hot start it is necessary to achieve specified temperatures of live and reheat steam
mentioned in operational part,
before opening the steam slide
valve on the steam mains and
before the actual starting of the
turbine.
In each of the cold reheat lines a

non-return flap valve, controlled
by quick closing oil is provided.
Both the hot reheat lines are
provided with water separators
just before the interceptor valves.
03.01.02
For starting of unit from the cold
state, all drains in the main steam
lines, the steam slide valve on the
main steam line, the HP quick
closing valves and the non return
flaps on the outlet of the HP
cylinder must be opened before
lighting up the oil burners at the
boiler. After testing all the protections on the turbo set the set
is put on the turning gear. By
this a slow heating up of the
steam mains is. ensured up to the
valve cones of regulation valves,
03.02.00
TURBINE CASINGS:
03.02.01
The high-pressure part consists of
two horizontally divided concentric casings. The inner casing
is placed in the outer casing in
such a way that it is possible for
it to expand in all directions,
maintaining at the same time the
alignment of the two casings,
while the fixed point of the inner
casing in the axial direction is
between the nozzle chambers.
The free expansion of the inner
casing is also enabled by the
gland connection of the nozzle
chambers with the incoming
steam piping.
The medium pressure part is a
horizontally divided casing with
guide wheels partially mounted in
the casing in carriers and partially
directly in the casing. The steam
supply piping is connected rigidly
with the casing, and steam to the
front carrier chamber is led-in by
an extended pipe which is sealed
by glands at the connecting
branch of the steam chamber.
The low-pressure casing is divided
horizontally and comprises of 3
parts, connected by vertical
flanges. In the front and rear
parts of the casing, both the
bearings of LP rotor and the rear
bearing of MP rotor are located.
The outlet connecting branches
of the outer parts are connected

rigidly with the condensers, and
the condensers are supported on
springs. It is necessary to prop-up
the feet of condenser with rigid
supports before filling the condenser steam space with water to test
its tightness so that the increased
weight in the condenser is not
transformed on to the LP casing.
In the middle part of the LP
casing two tube nests of 1st LP
Heater and two tube nests of
2nd LP Heater are mounted
for heating the condensate. To
remove the top casing it is necessary to dismount these nests
first, and then the nuts of the
flange bolts inside the cylinder.
03.02.02
The casings are interconnected
by a system of guide keys through
bearing pedestals between the
MP and HP parts and the front
bearing pedestal of the HP parts,
so that the alignment of all the
casings is ensured with the possibility of free thermal expansion
of the casings. The schematic
representation is on the drawing
3-10-003 7M. In the axial direction
the fixed point is at the central
part of the LP casing, so that
the maximum axial thermal
expansion is attained at the
front bearing pedestal on the
7
electromagnetic indicator of the

expansion of casings (203).
At steady full load operation
with the normal steam parameters, the expansion achieved
at this point would be about
25 mm. The displacement of the
bearing pedestal between HP and
MP part is indicated by the
electromagnetic pickup (204)
and attains a value of about
15 mm. The free movement of
the bearing pedestals on the
supports without jumps or
impacts is important, to prevent
the deformation of the casings
and pedestals, and to ensure a
proper pressure distribution on
the axial and radial bearings. It
is therefore necessary to make
sure (during erection of the bearing pedestals) that the contact
surfaces are clean. It is also
necessary, during erection, to
apply a lubricant to the contact
surfaces (colloidal graphite solution in oil manufactured by Hard
Castleward & Company, Bombay)
which considerably reduces the
friction. Before starting the
machine it is necessary to clean
the top sliding surfaces of the
supports properly arid to keep it
clean during operation also.
03.02.03
Most of the parting plane bolts
are designed to be heated by
8
electrical healing elements, so

that the necessary assembly prestressing of bolts can be achieved.
The heating of bolts before the
tightening up and before the
locking prevents them from being
seized.
Detailed instructions for the
process of tightening the bolts are
given in the drawing documentation. The amount of assembly
pre-stressing of the individual
group of bolts, the required elongation by heating, the required
time of heating, and the angle of
rotation of the nuts (from the
initial position of slight tightening-up of the nuts when the bolts
are cold) after the bolts have been
heated up, are stated in the tabulation given in the turbine passport. A careful mounting of the
bolts as per the instructions, and
a regular inspection of their elongation, is important for ensuring
a reliable and tight connection
of both the halves of the casings
at the permissible stress of bolts.
03.02.04
The flanges of HP and MP
casings are designed to heat up by
steam during the starting-up of
the turboset, by which the difference in temperature between the
cylindrical portion of the casing,
flanges and the connecting bolts
is reduced, and hence the deformation of the casing and the

additional stress on the bolts are
limited to a permissible value.
The method of steam connection
for heating is explained in the
section 03.03.00.
03.02.05
One of the most important indications for the method of starting
the rate of loading and unloading
of the set is the temperature
difference at various points of the
casing, and the temperature difference between the admission
steam and the inlet parts of the
turbine.
For the purpose of checking the
temperature of the casing and
piping, as well as the difference
in temperature thermocouples
are mounted as per the scheme 310-2069-S.
The
thermocouples are partly connected to
the indicating apparatus and
partly to the registering apparatus, and the increase in the
difference of temperature of HP
flange and HP cylindrical top
part is signalled optically.
The maximum permissible difference in temperature is given
in the respective section on operation. Exceeding the given value
by improper starting operation,
would increase the stress on the

materials and result in inadmissible deformation. For example,
exceeding the admissible difference of temperature between the
top and bottom parts of the
casing
would
result
in
unfavorable transient deflection
of the casing, by which the
radial clearance between the
rotor and the stator may even be
unilaterally reduced to zero,
which during rotation, may lead
to the bending of rotors and
breakdown of the machine.
03.02.06
A very important factor, for
the satisfactory distribution of
temperature in the casing, is
to make sure the insulation of the
casing is not loose, anywhere,
and that there are no gaps between the individual parts of the
insulation. It is therefore necessary to pay equal attention to the
insulation during the overhaul
and repairs, as at the first erection.
03.03.00
Connection for heating the flange
of the Turbine casing:
The connection scheme is given

in the enclosed " Scheme of
gland steam and dewatering", 210-1019-S.
03.03-01
The horizontal flange of the
external high pressure cylinder
along with the bolts on the dividing plane, as well as the flanges
and connecting bolts in the
parting plane of the MP casing
can be heated by live steam
from the interconnecting piping
between the HP emergency stop
valves. The steam supply line
to the heating system of flange
of both the HP and MP casings
is provided with one closing valve
with electric drive whose limit
switches are given an impulse for
the signalling of the OPENCLOSE positions, and also with
a regulating valve with electric
drive. Besides the valves in
both the incoming steam lines,
orifice plates are provided.
The indicator for full or partial
opening of the valve, if provided,
should be located near the relative
expansion indicator of the rotors.
The outlet of steam from the
flanges of both the casings is a
common one, and is connected
across an orifice plate to the
piping of IV extraction before
the quick-closing extraction valve.
The drain from the bottom nuts
of the connecting bolts of each
casing is connected individually
to the piping of chimney steam.
10
03.03.02
Flange heating is resorted to
during:
(i) Cold start.
(ii) Hot start after substantial
outage.
(iii) Rapid increase of load from
a steady low load.
The main consideration while
flange heating, is to avoid excessive relative expansions of the
casings and rotors. (The massive
flanges heat up at a slower rate
during starting than the rotors
which are washed by the hot
steam. During considerable increases in load, the massive cylinders and their flanges similarly lag
behind the rotor in heating up.)
03.04.00
GLAND STEAM SYSTEM
The connections of the system

are given in the piping scheme
of the turboset, and on the scheme
of gland steam and dewatering 210-1019-S.
03.04.01
From the front gland of the
internal HP casing, the gland
steam is exhausted through the
piping marked 1 (2-10-1019-S)
through the non-return valves
into the incoming steam line to
the MP interceptor valves. By
the same piping marked 1 even
the steam (marked 12) from the
connection of the incoming piping
o f I t o IV H P r e g u l a t i o n
valves on the HP casing is
exhausted to the MP interceptor
valves.
03.04.02
Both the front and rear glands
of the external HP casing, and
the front gland of the MP casing
form one independently controlled system 3 (as per 2-10-1019-S),
and the rear gland of MP casing
and the front and rear glands of
LP casing form the other system
(5). The chimney steam spaces
are connected in one common
circuit (8).
03.04.03
The circuit marked 2 in the
scheme 2-10-1019-S may be connected according to the position
of the change-over valve either
to the 5th extraction piping or
to the condenser.
During starting of the turboset
and whenever the 5th heater is
out of operation, it is necessary to
connect the circuit 2 to the
condenser by means of the
change-over valve by the manual
operation of the respective control
switches in the unit control
room. The position of the
change-over valve which ensures
the exhausting of steam from
glands to the V extraction piping,
after the fifth heater has been
put into operation from the fifth
extraction point, can be achieved
by manual operation of the
appertaining control switch in the
unit control room. At a loss
of pressure in the quick closing
oil system, the change-over valve
automatically exhausts the gland
steam into the condenser (i.e.
1. at the machine cutting off,
2. at the trip of generator from
the grid due to generator protec
tion, 3. on reaching the maximum
condensate level in the fifth
heater or 4. at a pressure drop
below 2.75 ata in the V extrac11
tion point). Then the heating

of V extraction is done automatically by external steam from the
reduction station Header. At
an increase of pressure in the
V extraction to 3 ata, the
heating system in the fifth extraction starts closing, the electrical
valve on the steam line to V LPH
from the V extraction opens, and
the change-over valve also automatically exhausts gland steam
to the V extraction of the turbine.
03.04.04
In the system of gland steam

marked 3, the glands of the
casings and the glands of the IV
to VIII extraction valve spindles
are sealed during starting by
steam from the cold reheat line.
At the increase of steam pressure
in the casing, the gland steam
from these glands is sucked off
into the gland steam condenser.
The servomotors of both the
regulating valves for sealing
as well as for sucking off, are
operated by the common oil jet
regulator (viz. scheme 1-10-2011S) which gets the impulse from
the piping connecting the glands
with both the regulating valves.
The normal expected pressure of
steam is about 300 mm of water
column and is checked on the
12
pressure gauge of range 02000

mm water column. Both the regulating valves have bypass valves
in case the automatics are put
out of operation. The steam
space of the gland steam condenser is drained off through an
automatic water separator into
the main condenser.
The non-permissible rise of level
of condensate in the gland steam
condenser is signalled both visually and audibly. If the rise of
level is due to the improper functioning of the automatic water
separator, it is possible to reduce
the level (so that it is visible in
the inspection glass gauge) by
manual operation of the bypass
of the automatic water separator.
If it is necessary, due to any
reason, to put the gland steam
condenser out of operation, the
gland steam is sucked into the
main condenser, by opening the
respective valve. In case of
failure of tubes in the tube nest of
the gland steam condenser, the
level rises in its steam space to
the nonpermissible value, impulses
are given by the level indicators
for automatic cutting off of the
gland steam condenser, as well as
the chimney steam condenser
from operation on the steam side.
The gland steam is automatically
sucked off into the main condenser, and the chimney steam is
exhausted through spray cooler
into the atmosphere by means of
blowers.
The level signaliser gives the
following impulses:
(1) To close the electrical valves
on the steam piping to the
gland steam and chimney
steam condensers.
(2) To open the electrical valve
for admitting the chimney
steam to the spray cooler,
and to open the electrical
valve to admit the gland
steam to the main condenser.
(3) To close the electrical valves
on the suction piping of the
air steam mixture from
chimney steam condenser
to the blowers.
(4) To open the electrical valve
on the incoming condensate
spray to the spray coolers
of the chimney steam.
(5) To the optical and acoustic
signals :
During a faulty connection,
it is necessary to manually
open the bypass valves on
the condensate line so that
the main condensate can

flow bypassing the chimney
steam and gland steam condenser, and afterwards to
cut off these condensers on
the water side by closing the
valves on the inlet to the
chimney steam condenser
and the outlet from the
gland steam condenser.
03.04.05
The system of gland steam
marked 5 (2-10-1019-S) is sealed
by steam from the deaerator
through a regulating valve, operated by the oil jet regulator (viz.
scheme 1-10-2010-S). The normal
expected pressure is about 300
mm of w.cl. and is checked by
the pressure gauge in the range
of 02,000 mm of water column.
When the automatic is out of
operation the sealing is done
manually by means of the bypass
valve.
03.04.06
The last outlet portion of all the
glands, along with the glands of
the spindles of HP and LP quick
closing valves, regulating valves
and interceptor valves are con
nected to the chimney steam
condenser. The air steam mixture
from the steam side of the
13
chimney steam condenser is

sucked off into the atmosphere
by means of a blower. In the
chimney steam piping to the
chimney steam condenser it is
necessary to adjust the valve to
maintain a pressure of + 20 to
50 mm of water column
(measured by a manometer of
range - 400 to + 600 mm of
w.cl.), in the chimney space, which
ensures that the steam does not
leak around the shaft from the
glands, but at the same time the
air is not sucked off unnecessarily.
On the water side the chimney
steam condenser is placed after
the II LPH. It has, in case of
necessity, a common by-pass with
the gland steam condenser on the
water side. The regulation of
draining off of condensate from
the chimney steam condenser is
done through an automatic steam
trap. The draining of condensate can be, if necessary, controlled manually by means of by-pass.
In the case of a broken tube
when an nonpermissible level
rise is reached in the chimney
steam condenser, impulses are
given by two level signallisers for
stopping the operation of both
the chimney steam and the gland
steam condensers. On the steam
side, the steam air mixture from
14
the chimney is exhausted directly

to the atmosphere through the
spray coolers by means of the
blowers, and the gland steam is
sucked off into the condenser.
The level signalisers give the same
impulses as given in the case of
nonpermissible level rise in the
gland steam condensers. While
in a faulty condition, it is necessary to manually open the
common by-pass of the condensate of both the chimney steam
and gland steam condenser, and
afterwards to stop the operation
of these condensers on the water
side also, by closing the valves
on the inlet to chimney steam
condenser and on the outlet from
the gland steam condenser.
03.04.07
The sealing of gland (marked 5)
is regulated so that the minimum
quantity of steam leaks through
from the glands and that sucking
off of air into the glands and into
the condenser is prevented.
Excessive leaking of steam from
the glands under the turbine
cover, results in the corrosion of
the cover and instruments, dampening the insulation of the casing
and damaging the entry of steam
into the bearing stand and into
the oil. Such an operation therefore is not permissible.
03.05.00
ROTORS, BEARINGS AND

TURNING GEAR
03.05.01
All the rotors are mutually connected by means of rigid couplings, including the rotor of the
generator. The critical speed
of the whole system of rotors
manifests in the following ranges
of speeds at the operating conditions :
19002200 rpm Best noticed on
the MP and LP
rotors and generator.
2350 rpm Best noticed on the HP
rotor.
During the running up of the set

these ranges of speed must be
crossed over smoothly.
03.05.02
The axial load of the entire system
of rotors is taken up by a doublesided axial bearing, located in the
bearing stand between HP and
MP casings. For checking the
cases of wear or damage of the
axial bearing because of nonpermissible increase of axial force
(for example during the heavy
salting of the turbine or ingress

of water into the turbine) or other
effects (like impurities), there are
two protections mounted near
the axial bearing, one hydromechanical (206) and one electromagnetic (205 in 3-10-0037M),
which trip the turboset during
the non-permissible movement
of the rotor (Section 03-07-12).
The magnitude of the thermal
expansion of the rotor varies
(mainly during larger changes of
load and during starting up) from
the expansion of the respective
casings, because of the difference
in mass and to a one sided
heating up of the outer casing by
steam. To check this relative
changes in length, electromagnetic pick-ups are mounted on the
front bearing pedestal (No. 200
in 3-10-0037M), on the pedestal
b e twe e n M P a n d LP p a r ts
(No. 201), and between LP
part and generator (202). The
maximum permissible relative
expansions of the rotors are given
by the axial clearances between
the guide and moving wheels as
well as the axial clearance in the
inner and outer glands and the
same is signalled at the block
control room. The respective
values for the individual pick-up
are given in section 03.07.13.
15
03.05.03
The rotors are placed on radial

bearings which are machined to
elliptical shape. Further scraping
operations or change of top and
side clearances, and the change
in temperature of oil, influence
the oil wedge and the position of
the journal in the bearing as well
as the magnitude of the critical
speed of the rotors. Therefore,
it is necessary during repairs of
bearings at the overhauls, to
maintain the same condition as
existed during the initial assembly.
The temperatures of individual
bearings are measured by resistance thermometers.
03.05.04
In the lower half of the bearing,
a hollow groove is provided in
the babbit metal through which
oil is supplied through a drilled
hole from the high pressure jacking
oil pumps (GP as in 0-10-1003-S)
through a non-return ball valve
located directly at the bearing.
By this high pressure oil, the
rotors are lifted in the bearings,
when it is possible to engage and
operate the turning gear with
electric motor and thus any scraping of the bearing metal is
prevented.
16
03.05.05
MECHANICAL TURNING
GEAR DESCRIPTION
The turning gear is located on the

bearing pedestal between LP part
and the generator. It is intended
for setting the rotor in motion
from the standstill position before
they are started to rotate by
steam and also to rotate the rotors
for cooling down after shut-down,
so as to avoid any undesirable
temporary or permanent deformation of the rotors due to the
different temperatures in the
sections perpendicular to the
axis of the rotor.
This equipment turns the rotor
at a speed of 62 rpm by a system
of gears. The drive for the
turning gear comes from a vertical
electric motor of 30 KW. and
1,460 rpm. The driving pinion
is supported in the body of the
turning gear in a swinging way,
and it is thrown into engagement
with the coupling gear by means
of the servomotor (40) which is
located inside the turning equipment. The force required for
engaging the gear is the oil pressure of 50 atg, from one of the
high pressure rotor lifting oil
pumps. The pinion is secured
in the disengaged position by
means of the tie rod (34) and a
drop catch (25) which is located
against the hook of the holding
cam (26). Lifting of the driving
pinion, after the turbine has
started to rotate by steam, is
ensured by the spring (39) under
the piston of servomotor. The
force of the spring is enough to
lift the driving pinion when the
speed of the rotor is more than
62 rpm. At higher speeds of the
turbine, the driving pinion is

thrown out of engagement by the
peripheral force on the pitch
circle of the pinion gearing. The
servomotor piston has a recess
at the top and this together with
the casing of the servomotor
forms a damping arrangement to
damp any shocks that may arise
due to sudden throwing out of
engagement of the driving pinion
because of quick increase in the
speed of the rotor.
Putting the turning gear into
operation :
Before putting the turning

gear into operation, the valve
on the incoming lubricating
oil piping to the turning gear,
must be opened. Impulse of oil
pressure is taken for the interlocking manostat (174 in 3-102020-S), which at a loss of
pressure of lubricating oil does
not permit the starting of the
electric motor of the turning gear
equipment. The jacking oil
pump for lifting the rotor is put
into operation which also supplies
the working oil for engaging the
drive pinion. The working oil is
supplied to the relay (156) which
is operated by an electromagnet.
The switching on of the electric
motor can be done either by
remote control or from the
machine floor. The operation
is done in two stages. First, the
electromagnet on the relay (156)
is switched on, after which the
engaging of the magnet allows
the working oil through the relay
to the under side of the piston of
the drop catch (25), which is lifted
out. Simultaneously. through
17
a contact pressure gauge, an

impulse is given for optical signalisation No. 1 which indicates
admitting of pressure oil under
the piston of the servomotor.
The pressure oil flows through the
holes in the piston to the top
side of the piston of the servomotor and because of the differential pressure on the piston, the
oil presses the piston to the
bottom and thus engages the
pinion with the gearing on the
coupling. The movement of the
pinion is transmitted mechanically
by the links 33 and 34 on to the
signalling cam (27) which, by
means of the limit switch (172),
gives the impulse to the optical
signal No. 2, if the pinion is in
engagement by at least 15 mm.
Only when both these optical
signals are on, should the motor
of the turning gear be switched on.
The switching on of the motor,
before the engagement of the
pinion with the gearing of the
coupling, can damage the turning
gear. Therefore, it is necessary
to wait before switching on the
motor, till the pinion is fully
engaged, and the pinion carrier
rests against the respective stop.
The current impulse for the
magnet is given through a time
relay, which after five seconds
cuts 2 kohms/50 W resistance into
the circuit as a limiter of the
current which protects the electromagnet from burning out, in case
the pinion positioning requires a
longer time. If during the sliding
in of the pinion, the heads of the
gearing come into contact with
each other, it is necessary to
18
release the magnet by which the

pinion is lifted out forcibly, by
means of the spring of the servomotor, and the procedure should
be repeated again. Should the
repeated attempts also fail to
achieve the proper engagement,
it is possible to turn the pinion a
little, by means of a spanner
fitted on to the square-head
provided on the shaft, which is
brought out on to the side of the
turning equipment, the remaining
portion of the equipment being
covered.
CAUTION:
The signalling of the optical

signal No. 2 at the engagement
of the pinion is adjusted by the
manufacturer, and if the equipment is overhauled at any time,
this must be carefully inspected.
Engagement of the pinion by
15 mm corresponds to a distance
of about 25 mm from the stop of
the pinion carriers to the projection in bearing pedestal. Before
switching on the electro-motor
both the indicating lamps must
be on.
After the start of rotation of the
turning gear, the change-over
magnet is to be manually released
by switching off the magnet and
the relay changes over and allows
the oil from servomotor to drain.
The pinion is held in engagement
by means of the peripheral force.
If the working oil pressure remains
in the servomotor during the
turbine starting, the pinion will
not shift out of engagement, and
the turning gear would get
damaged.
03.06.00
OIL SYSTEM
03.06.01
The oil system is shown in scheme
0-10-1003-S in which the main
regulation and protection equipment operated by oil, the fittings,
measuring and electrical control
instruments, are shown schematically. The numbering of the
instruments is done on scheme 010-1003-S.
The lubrication and regulation
systems are mutually interconnected. The main oil tank is
divided by removable screens
into two spaces. Oil is led into
one of these spaces from all the
drains which then flow into the
second space through the screens,
from where the suction is taken to
all the oil pumps. Both the
spaces are provided with level
signalisers (207, 208) for the
maximum level in the first and
the minimum level in the second
space. The oil levels are also
indicated by level gauges.
It is necessary to ensure the cleaning of the screen periodically and
to top up the oil level as required.
The screens must be clean,
especially during the initial commissioning periods. The cleaning
of the screens could be carried
out, even during operation,
because behind the first coarse
screen, there are two fine screens,
which can be alternatively removed and cleaned.
The valve Nd. 15 connected
above the mud collector, serves
for taking oil samples. The
sampling of oil is to be carried
out regularly during operation
and as per the results of the
chemical analysis, it is necessary

to decide on the centrifuging
of the oil, or on complete
replacement of the oil. Oil for
centrifuging is taken from the
bottom of the mud collector
through the connection Nd. 80.
The draining of water and impurities from the tank is carried
out simultaneously, from the
bottom of the collector by the
valve Nd. 15 (marked P). This
works best when the machine as
well as all the pumps are at rest,
and when all the water and
impurities in the oil have settled
down at the bottom of the tank.
It is recommended that all the
valves mentioned above are secured
against manipulation by any unauthorised personnel. From the
space above the level of the oil
in the tank, the oil and water
vapour mixture is sucked off by
an electrically driven exhaust fan
(OVE). This fan must always
be in operation when the oil
system is working.
03.06.02
During the normal operation
of the turboset, all the required
oil is supplied by the main oil
pump, (centrifugal single-stage
type (MOP)] whose impeller is
directly mounted on the HP
rotor of the turbine. During
standstill of the turbine and
during starting and stopping of
the set, the oil is supplied by
means of one of the two starting
oil pumps (marked SOP). These
pumps are immersed in the oil
tank and are driven by motors
located at 8 m level. They are
started manually after the valves
19
B(D) on the delivery of the

pump are kept opened.
The delivery of starting oil pump,
and the main oil pumps are
connected across non-return flaps.
A branch from the delivery of
starting oil pump is led to the
suction of main oil pump through
a non-return flap and the valve
marked E, by which the pressure
of oil in the suction of main
oil pump is maintained at 5-6
atg during the starting of the
turboset. On the delivery of
main oil pump, the pressure of
oil during normal operation is
9.5 to 12 atg. The oil is divided
into three main circuits.
(a) To the injector in the oil
tank (art. 03.06.06).
(b) To the oil coolers across the
orifice plate, gate valves and
non-return flaps, in the lubri
cating oil (art. 03.06.07).
(c) To the regulation and protec
tion equipment with a branch
for hydrogen cooling system
of alternator (03.06.08).
(d) To Askania Regulators.
The drop of pressure of oil to
8 atg in the delivery is signalled
by the manostat (130). If there
is a further decrease to 7 atg,
the manostat (131) gives impulse
to trip the turboset.
03.06.03
Besides the starting oil pump with
a delivery of about 12 atg,
one emergency oil pump (marked
as EOP) with a delivery of 2.7
20
atg for the lubricating oil is

provided. This is used when the
turning gear is in operation,
and also when the regulation oil
is not required. The emergency
oil pump serves mainly for taking
over in case of fall of lubricating
oil pressure in front of the
bearing to 0.8 atg. At this value
the manostats (139, 140) give
the impulses for starting the
emergency oil pump. During the
normal running of the turbo set,
the starting switch, on the switch
board of the control circuit of the
electric motor of the emergency
oil pump, must be kept, in " automatic " position and the valves
(H and J) on the suction and
delivery of the pump must always
be kept open during operation. The
pump is driven either by an AC
motor or, in the case of
failure of AC power, a DC
motor.
Optical signals are given for the
following:
(a) In case of failure of AC or
DC supply.
(b) The position of the main
control switch.
(c) The running of the pump.
Detailed description of the electrical connections (which are not
in the scope of supply of turbine)
is the subject matter of separate
instructions.
03.06.04
An auxiliary oil tank of smaller
capacity is provided at zero
level, to facilitate draining of oil
from all parts, which cannot
be drained into the main oil tank.
A level signaliser (209) is provided on this tank to switch on

the AOP at a specified level, and
to pump oil into main oil tank.
And when a minimum level of
oil is reached the level signaliser
(210) stops the AOP.
03.06.05
High pressure oil (supplied by
jacking oil pump) lifts the rotors
in the bearings before engaging
the turning gear. The suction of
these pumps are connected to
the lubrication oil system.
The jacking oil pump for lifting
of the rotors consists of one
driving motor with three numbers
of single flow gear pumps of
25 L/mt. output, 50 atg pressure
and two numbers of duplex type
with an output of 2x25 L/mt.
and pressure 50 atg. For the
front and rear HP bearings one
pump supplies the oil and each
of the other pumps supply oil
to the individual bearings. The
last 7th pump gives the impulse
oil for putting the turning gear
into operation. Each pump has
its own relief valve which opens
at an increase of pressure to
70 atg. On the pipe line for
this high pressure oil, non-return
ball valves are mounted just
in front of the bearings, to
prevent the back flow of oil from
the bearings when the jacking
oil pump is not running.
Before putting the lifting oil
pump into operation, it is necessary to ensure sufficient pressure
of lubricating oil so that these
pumps do not run dry, and get
seized.
03.06.06
Part of the oil from the delivery
of the main oil pump (9.512 atg)
flows back to the oil injector in
the oil tank. Using this high
pressure oil (9.512 atg) as the
working fluid, the injector sucks
oil from the main oil tank and
supplies the total required quantity of suction oil to the main oil
pump at a pressure of 0-40-5
atg.
A fall of pressure to 0.1 atg is
signalled optically by means of
the manostat (147) and further
drop of pressure calls for the
tripping of the machine, as otherwise there is a dangerous possibility of the breaking of the
suction column and loss of oil
in the pressure system.
After achieving the rated speed,
the valve E is slowly closed and
if the correct pressure of about
0.4 atg is maintained at the
suction of the pump, the starting
oil pump is stopped. The valve
E is afterwards opened to such
an extent as to ensure instantaneous flooding of the suction,
in the case of a necessity of
putting the starting oil pump into
operation.
03.06.07
A further part of the oil from the
delivery of main oil pump, is
utilised as lubricating oil, after
reducing the pressure by means of
an electrically operated valve (F)
placed in between two orifice
plates, to a value of 1.00 to 1.15
atg before the bearings. The
valves (K and L) on the inlet
and outlet oil coolers are always
kept fully open. When the pressure of lubricating oil drops to
21
0.9 atg., the manostat (138) connects for signalisation, and at a

loss of pressure to 0.8 atg the
turboset trips and simultaneously
the emergency oil pump is put
into operation, by means of the
second and third manostats (139,
140). The temperature of rubricating oil after the coolers is to be
maintained during operation in
the range of 42 to 45C by
regulating the cooling water quantity to the oil coolers. A rise of
temperature of oil to 47C is
signalled by thermostat 45 (located in the piping from the coolers
to the bearings). To achieve the
proper viscosity of oil, thereby
enabling a quick starting up of the
turboset, it is necessary before
starting the turboset to heat up
the oil to 35C. This could be
achieved by running the starting
oil pump for sometime under the
circulation of oil. At normal
operation for cooling the oil,
cooling water from the pumping
station is used, by taking a branch
off, before the condenser and the
heated water is led to the outlet
piping of cooling water from the
condenser.
[n front of the individual bearings,
on the piping are mounted well
dimensioned niters (2 in. 0-101003-S) which filter off the impurities in the lubricating cycle.
Pressure gauges are provided
before and after the filters to
ascertain the extent of clogging
of filters by means of pressure
difference. If this pressure
22
difference exceeds 0.3 ata the

filters are to be cleaned.
The cleaning of the filters requires
the turboset to be stopped and
therefore it is essential to make
sure that the cleaning of the entire
oil system is perfect during erection and overhauls ; so that the
stoppages due to this cause arefew during the initial operation.
With careful assembling, and
with a thorough rinsing of the
entire oil system before the first
commissioning, the filters may be
dismantled after the initial operation and before the test run. On
the incoming lubricating line to
the turning gear, a valve is
mounted which must be opened
manually, before putting into
operation the turning gear and
must be closed again after stopping. Temperature of return oil
from the individual bearings of
the turboset is measured by glass
thermometers. The return oil
from the bearing stands of the
generator is led to the common
discharge piping from the other
bearings through a spilling tank
and siphon, so that the possible
entry of hydrogen into the oil tank
is prevented. The spilling tank
is deaerated by means of a pipe
taken above the roof of the
engine room.
03.06.08
OIL FILTER
DESCRIPTION
The remaining part of oil from

the delivery of the main oil pump
is supplied to the hydrogen cooling system, partly direct to the
quick closing valves, regulating
valves, control and protection
equipment of the turbine, and
partly through a filter (OF) located in the front bearing pedestal.
This filter is of a disc type, and
has two relief valves which open
automatically at a non-permissible increase of difference of
pressure before and after the filter
discs. The filters must be cleaned
regularly (at least once in the
shift) by rotating the shaft with
square head by 360 (which
projects out of the front bearing
pedestal on the front side), so as
to avoid the opening of these
relief valves and the consequent
flow of impurities through that.
The proper cleaning of the filter
with pressure should be carried
out after the stoppage of the set,
at least twice a year ; and more
frequently during the initial operating period.
The branch of distribution oil to
the hydrogen cooling equipment
is provided with a valve (V) which
is open during operation, and the
atmospheric side of the hydrogen
seal is sealed with oil. From the
seal and from the bearings the
return oil is taken through a
spilling tank and siphon to the
oil tank of the turbine.
23
03.07.00
REGULATION AND
SAFETY EQUIPMENT FOR
TURBINE PROPER
The scheme of regulation of the

turbine is given in the drawing 010-1003-S. The quantity of
steam entering the turbine is
regulated by four governing valves
(GV) on the inlet to the HP part,
and by two interceptor valves (IV)
on the inlet to the MP part. The
amount of opening, at any instant
of these valves, is given by the
pressure of secondary oil, which
is indirectly dependent upon the
primary oil pressure and directly
dependent upon the spring force
in the transformer (TR), and incidentally dependent upon the
position of limiter (LT), during
the standstill and during starting
of the turboset.
The pressure of primary oil is
directly dependent upon the speed
of the set through the speed sensing element (SE). The tension
of the spring in the transformer
can be varied by operating the
speed changer (SC) or the nominal
speed changer (NSC) thus making
it possible to vary the speed
before synchronising, and to
vary the load after synchronising
the alternator on to the grid.
The non-uniformity of the regulation can be changed continuously in the range 3.5 to 5% by
means of the non-uniformity
changer [(NUC) Changes the
leverage of the connecting links

of the transformer] and by that,
the proportion of change of output of the set can be influenced,
with respect to the changes of
output on the other machines
connected to the common grid,
when there is a change on the
loading of the grid.
In case of a breakdown of any
equipment of the block, which
calls for the immediate stopping
of the set, quick closing devices
are provided in the regulation
system of the turboset viz. HP
quick closing valves (HPQCSV) ;
MP quick closing valves
(MPQCSV) ; non-return flap on
the outlet from the HP (NF) ;
non-return quick closing extraction valves (EV) ; change-over
valve in the gland steam system
(COV). All the impulses for
stopping the set due to breakdown, act either directly (emergency governors FEG, and REG
at the non-permissible excessive
speed rise) or by the hand tripping
lever (TL) or through the relay
magnet RM on the main relay
MR, which creates instantaneous
loss of pressure of quick closing
oil by the change of flow of oil
inside the relay. The quick
draining of oil from the quick
closing system of the piping of the
25
non-return flaps and extraction

valves is assisted by means of an
Accelerator drain AD, which,
during the loss of pressure of
quick closing oil from the main
relay opens a bigger area for
draining.
The loss of pressure of quick
closing oil on the main relay
creates simultaneously loss of
pressure of secondary oil through
the Accelerator Relay AR, and
by that the closing of governing
and interceptor valves. A temporary action of the relay AR
even during the normal pressure
of quick-closing oil, could occur
at the trip of the generator from
the grid due to some electrical
protections by an impulse to the
magnet of the accelerator relay.
To test the HP and MP quick
closing valves even during operation of turbine at a decreased
load, the distributor DTR is
provided, which along with the 3way valves G, enables the
closing of quick closing valves,
alternatively on the right or left
side. The free movement of the
spindles of the individual governing valves and interceptor valves
at a decreased load could be
tested by the electro-magnetic
relays provided at the individual
valves. The testing of proper
26
functioning of emergency governors at the rated speed can be

done by applying oil pressure
through the tester of emergency
governors TEG.
The HP and MP quick closing
valves, the non-return flaps, and
the non-return extraction valves
during normal operation have
only two positions, i.e. either fully
opened or fully closed. The
quantity of steam let into the
turbine is regulated by governing
and interceptor valves (quick
closing valves and non-return
flaps being fully opened).
More detailed descriptions of the
individual regulation and safety
equipments, and the method of
their operation at the various
conditions, are given in the following sections:
03.07.01
SPEED SENSING
ELEMENT
SPEED SENSING ELEMENT

3-10-2036-S (marked as SE on
0-10-1003-S) :
The speed sensing element located
on the extension of HP rotor,
maintains the pressure in the
circuit of primary oil, which is
directly proportional to the square
of the speed of the turbine, and
proportional to the specific weight
of the oil. The range of speed
2,850 to 3 360 rpm, corresponds
to the primary oil pressures of
2-17 to 2-99 atg. at an oil temp,
of 50C. Under the same conditions, the speed of 3,000 rpm
corresponds to a pressure of
approx. 2-38 atg.
Constant filling up of the primary
oil space upto the smallest inside
diameter of sensing element
proper, and upto the transformer,
is ensured by permanent supply
of distribution oil through an
adjustable orifice, located directly
on the filter of the distributing oil
(OF). This orifice is adjusted
only during the first setting or
after the dismantling for an overhaul by the following method.
The orifice is fully closed by
rotating the shaft with a square
head (or the left corner of the
front bearing pedestal) and then
to open the same by about 8 full
threads. Part of the supplied oil
flows due to untightness in the

packing sleeve (4) and the remaining flows into the inner space of
the speed sensing element, from
where it is thrown off into the
bearing pedestal due to the centrifugal force through the holes
drilled in the body of the speed
sensing element. A hole drilled
in the axis of the whole attachment upto the inner space of the
sensing element ensures the equalisation of the pressure of the
internal space with the atmospheric pressure.
The packing sleeve (4) is fitted to
the sensing element, in a sliding
way. and is locked by means of a
screw (14) against rotation. In
the centre part of the sleeve, holes
have been drilled for admitting
the incoming oil, in a way to
avoid the rotation of oil in the
body chamber.
27
03.07.02
TRANSFORMER
DESCRIPTION
TRANSFORMER 3-10-2032-S
(marked as TR on 0-10-1003-S):
The pressure of the secondary oil
is regulated by the transformer
(which is led into the transformer
through the pipe union marked
72) in the following way:
The oil is supplied to the
secondary oil system from the
distribution oil through an orifice
plate of 4 mm dia. (located at the
pipe union on the oil distributor
near the oil filter) and is by-passed
into the drain by means of the
cone marked 13. The cone is
connected to a lever arm marked
22, which has a fulcrum at the
roller (71) of the main support (5).
The moment of force of the
secondary oil on the area of cone
is at an equilibrium with the force
acting on the other end of the
beam resulting from the differential pressure from the spring (78)
and the force due to a given
primary oil pressure on the
bellows (8). The tension of the
spring can be varied by moving
the screw (19) by means of levers
marked 26 and 23 (operated by
speed changer) or by rotating
the screw (19) by means of the
gear drive (15) (operated by
nominal speed changer), If the
alternator has not been synchronised on to the grid, the speed of

the turboset changes (for the speed
above approx. 2,430 rpm) by
changing the tension of the spring
(78). By increasing the tension
of. the spring (78) the equilibrium
of the lever arm is disturbed and
the cone 13 reduces the area of
draining of the secondary oil
and thereby increases the
secondary oil pressure which
opens the regulation valves, effecting an increase in the speed of the
turboset. With the increase. of
speed, there is an increase in the
pressure of primary oil and the
regulation gets stabilised in the
new equilibrium position at the
higher speed. If the Alternator
is connected to the grid, the
increase in the tension of the
spring likewise disturbs the equilibrium of the lever arm, which is
again equalised after the increase
in the secondary oil pressure due
to the reduction of discharge area
over the cone (13). The increase
of secondary oil pressure, results
in an increase in the opening of
the regulating valves and by that,
in an increase of the output of the
machine. The pressure of primary
oil in this case changes only in
the range corresponding to the
value of change of frequency of
the grid.
29
On a decrease in the tension of

spring of the transformer, a
reverse procedure to the one
stated above will occur, followed
by a drop of speed or load. The
ratio of leverage on the arm (22)
can be changed continuously by
moving the movable support (5)
around the bottom fulcrum by a
non-uniformity changer, which
acts on the moving support
through its roller against the tension of the spring (14). Reduction
of leverage on the lever at the
cone side, reduces the nonuniformity, and vice-versa.
Because of the importance of the
transformer as a part of the regulating system, proper attention
and care must be given to the
same. Hence, it is necessary to
check the tightness of the transformer bellows at each overhaul.
This can be done (after cleaning
and drying the transformer
thoroughly) by filling the primary
oil space with kerosene through
pipe union 73. The above space
is kept under a slight pressure for
some period. This pressure however must not exceed the operating value of 2-3 atg. During this
test, any leakage of kerosene
through the openings in the lid
(with space between the bellows)
is to be observed.
30
NON-UNIFORMITY
CHANGER : 3-10-2037-S (NUC
in 0-10-1003-S).
The non-uniformity changer

enables the changing of the nonuniformity continuously in the
range 3.5% to 5%. By rotating
the hand wheel towards the left
(after pulling out and by rotating
slightly), lock 8 bolt 5 moves
towards the bearing pedestal and
pushes out the moving support of
the transformer (5).
This increases the leverage of the
beam on the cone side, thereby
increasing the non-uniformity of
the regulation. The locking of
the hand wheel against any undesirable movement, can be done
after 1 /5 turn of the wheel which
corresponds to a change of nonuniformity of 0.1 %.
SPEED CHANGER : 3-10-2040S (SC in 0-10-1003-S).
The speed changer enables the

the change of speed, before putting the alternator on the grid,
and change of output after synchronising. By rotating the handle
wheel (12) (which is fixed rigidly
to the bush 19) to the right, screw
9 moves away from the bearing
pedestal and the roller, fixed to
the end of the screw, releases the
lever of transformer (marked 23
on 3-10-2032-S) which is pressed

against the roller by the tension
of the spring of the transformer.
The tension on the spring of the
transformer is reduced and the
speed of the turboset (or the output) is reduced. The total lift of
the speed changer is 44 mm. The
end positions are limited by the
nut (18) locked on to the screw (9)
by a pin. The movement of the
screw (9) can be remotely controlled by the electromotor through
the gearing 5 and 3. The wheel
(3) is connected to the bush 19
through a friction coupling, which
slips at the turning of the changing device hand wheel, and during
the motor run, in case of the bolt
9 being in one of the extreme
positions already.
BASIC SETTING OF THE
TRANSFORMER
AND
CHANGERS:
The non-uniformity changer must

be set and adjusted with regard to
the transformer in such a way
that in the extreme position of the
changing device achieved by turning the hand wheel to the left side
(max. non-uniformity) the transformer pivoted arm (5 of 3-102032-S) is at an equal distance
(90 mm) from the roller axis on the
pivot arm and axis of the eye
(25).
In this position of the nonuniformity changer, the transformer lever arm (supporting
area of the roller) must be in the
horizontal position at a bellows
lift of 2 mm which can be achieved
by screwing in the screw (21) in
the lever arm. The horizontal
position of the beam can be
achieved by adjusting the height
of the eye 25. It may be
necessary to check likewise the
centricity of the cone (13) with
the hole in the flange (17) which
could be damaged if the flat
spring (16) position is adjusted
wrongly. The speed changing device (3-10-2040-S)is to be adjusted
and set by an adjusting nut
18 so that the contact surface
of the outside lever 23 of transformer, (3-10-2032-S) moved by
the roller on the speed changer,
is in a vertical position at a lift
of speed changer of 18 mm from
zero position. The nominal speed
changer is to be initially set to the
mean position (approximately 100
revolutions from one extreme
position), by rotating the shaft
with a square head, which is
protruding out of the bearing
pedestal front wall. The final
setting is to be done afterwards,
during the starting up of the
turboset. At the time of starting
the turbine the hand wheel of the
31
speed changer is turned to the

extreme right position (i.e. in the
direction of speed reduction), the
non-uniformity changer in the
left end position (i.e. max. nonuniformity) and the speed is
increased by the limiter due to
the fact that the regulation
of secondary oil pressure by
the transformer cone has not
been in operation as yet, due
to the low pressure of the
primary oil. Only on reaching
a speed of about 2,300 rpm, the
equilibrium position of the lever
arm of the transformer occurs,
and it is achieved by a specific
adjustment of the spring pretension by the nominal speed
changer. If the transformer
starts to function at a lower
speed, which means that it is not
possible to achieve 2,930 rpm
by the limiter, it is necessary
to increase the tension of the
spring in the transformer, by
rotating the shaft of the nominal
speed changer in the left hand
direction. If the transformer
starts to function at a higher speed
(i.e. it is possible to achieve a
speed higher than 2,930 rpm
with limiter) it is necessary to
reduce the tension of the spring
of the transformer by rotation of
the shaft of the nominal speedchanger in the right-hand direc32
tion. The position of the nominal

speed changer thus adjusted, is
final for further operation and
for speed increases above 2,930
rpm and output increase shall
be done only by the speed
changer. Any further manipulation by the nominal speed
changer will be needed only for
testing the emergency governors
by increase of speed. If it is
not possible to achieve the required speeds by the full opening
of speed changer, then by rotating the shaft of the nominal
speed changer to the left, the
speed is increased upto the speed
corresponding to the setting
of emergency governors. After
testing out the emergency governors, the shaft of the nominal
speed changer is turned towards
the right by the same number of
revolutions which were required
for testing the emergency governors.
Proper adjustment of the nominal
speed changer is checked as
follows :
By reducing the speed by the
speed changer, a speed of 2,930
rpm is achieved in the right
extreme position of the speed
changer (at a setting of nonuniformity changer to 5 % and the
limiter is set for a certain output).
03.07.03
LIMITER DESCRIPTION
LIMITER 3-10-2046-S and

3-10-2017-S LTon (0-10-1003-S) :
The limiter is a device controlled
either by a hand wheel or by an
electric motor and is intended to
fulfil the following functions:
(a) At the standstill of the
machine, the secondary oil
pressure is regulated by the
limiter, and thereby controls
the extent of the opening of
the regulating valves and
verifies their proper adjust
ments and movability. Please
note however, that the secon
dary oil pressure can be
achieved by the limiter, only
when the main relay is in
engaged position. Before the
start of increase of secondary
oil pressure, the HP and MP
quick closing valves open
fully. Therefore, it is not
possible to test the function
ing of regulating valves, with
steam before the quick closing
valves.
(b) During the starting up of the
machine, upto about 2,930
rpm, the secondary oil pres
sure is regulated by the
limiter and thus controls the
opening of the regulation
valves and the speed of the
turboset.
(c) When the transformer has
taken over the regulating
function, the limiter works
as a by-pass valve in the
secondary oil system with a
continuous adjustable move
ment of by-passing, so that,
by the limiter, the secondary

oil pressure may be increased,
only upto a value chosen
before hand (depending on
the output required) determined by the limiter position.
(d) At a loss of control oil
pressure in both the branches
from the main relay to the
limiter (which occurs due to
any impulse causing the clos
ing of all the quick closing
organs), the limiter creates
the loss of secondary oil
pressure and by that the
closing of all regulation
valves.
(e) The limiter also ensures in
the case given above that the
quick closing and regulation
valves do not automatically
open again to the earlier
positions of opening, after
resetting the impulse which
created the closure. The re
opening of the quick closing
valves followed by the spring
of regulating valves, is possi
ble only by the limiter which
however must first of all be
put back to its basic zero
position.
(f) By means of the microswitches (282 and 283 in 010-1003-S) located on the
selsyn transmitter of the
limiter, it is possible to set
two previously chosen values
of output, to which the
output can be reduced by
automatic impulses at a partial breakdown on the boiler
accessories.
33
DESCRIPTION OF THE
FUNCTION OF LIM1TER
WITH DRIVE AND WITH
SELSYN TRANSMITTER:
the right hand extreme position

corresponds to 0% on the scale
of the electrical indicator, and the
position of cams on the minimum
radius corresponds to the value
100% on the scale of the electrical
indicator. The various working
positions of the limiter are shown
in the figures A to D in the
drawing 3-10-2017-S.
The limiter proper is divided into

two mutually inter-connected oil
circuits, the secondary oil circuit
with inlet marked I (3-10-2017-S)
and the control oil with inlet
marked II. The loss of control
oil pressure simultaneously causes
the loss of secondary oil pressure
in the other circuit. The loss of
pressure of control oil could be
caused either by lifting slide
valve 13 by the two armed lever
roller, controlled by a cam 18
on the other arm (position
according to Fig. A) when the
cam acts by its max. radius or
by the action of main relay
(MR in 3-10-2044-S) with the
cam being in any position (position according to Fig. D).
FIGURE B :
The position of the cam 17

and 18, keyed on to a common
shaft and controlled by the two
slide valves 12 and 13 through the
armed lever, can be adjusted
either by the hand wheel or
remotely by electric motor 46 (310-2043-S). The instantaneous
position of the cam can be
followed on remote electrical
indicators (with scale in per cent)
which are connected, through
the receiving selsyn, with the
transmitting selsyn (7) whose
position is dependant on the
position of the cam shaft through
a gearing or directly on the
mechanical indicator (51) connected with the shaft of the transmitting selsyn. The initial position of cam on the max. radius
(the hand wheel being turned to
By rotating the cam shaft in the

direction of the arrow marked
in the drawing (the limiter hand
wheel being turned towards left),
the slide (13) drops down and
closes the draining of control oil
under the edge ' b \ By this,
the pressure of the control oil
increases, which presses the bush
(11) against the tension of the
spring (15). After taking the
cam shaft through an angle of
approx. 75, the bush will come
down to close the drain of
secondary oil by its lower annular
surface, and in the space above
the bush the full pressure of
control oil is attained on further
rotation to about 90. By this,
in the main relay, the bushes are
changed over and a pressure of
oil in the whole emergency stop
34
FIGURE A :
Cams on the max. radius (hand

wheel of the limiter in the right
extreme position). The control
oil leaks through the edge ' b ' of
the slide valve to the drain, and
bush 11 is kept in the top position
by means of the force of spring
(15). By this the drain of the
secondary oil into the bearing
pedestal is open.
system will be achieved, and the

HP and MP emergency stop
valves will be fully opened. The
cam 17 still remains in the
maximum radius, and hence the
slide valve 12 is also still in the
top position, and below its edge
' a' the secondary oil stems into
the drain.
FIGURE C :
On further rotation of the cam

shaft in the direction of the
arrow, the slide valve (13) remains
unchanged as the cam (18) has
constant radius. However, the
slide 12 comes down as the
radius of the cam (17) decreases.
By this the drain of secondary oil
is throttled under the edge ' a '
and the pressure of secondary oil
stands to increase at a rotation of
about 110. The increase of
secondary oil pressure simultaneously creates the dropping of
the bush (10) against the force
of spring (14). Each position
of the cam (17) and consequently
the slide 12, corresponds only
to a certain pressure value of
the secondary oil, proportional
to the compression of the spring
14. As soon as the speed of
about 2,930 rpm of the turboset
is attained during starting-up,
the regulation of the secondary
oil by the transformer starts, and
further increase of pressure of
secondary oil and speed is not
possible by the limiter, but by the
speed changer. The limiter is set
manually (by rotating the hand
wheel to the left) or by electrical
motor to the position corresponding to the maximum output
on which the turboset is to be
operated in the following period
of operation. The highest position of the limiter however,

corresponds to 100% output,
the exact position of which is
to be marked on both the
electrical and mechanical indicators during the final operation.
FIGURE D :
In case of loss of control oil

pressure in space II due to the
functioning of the main relay the
bush 11 is forced out by the
spring (15) to the top position,
and the slide (13) is also partly
lifted. Then a sudden loss of
secondary oil pressure will occur
and cause the closing of all
regulating valves. The loss of
pressure in the control oil circuit
creates a loss of pressure in the
quick closing oil circuit in the
main relay, and thus it effects
the closing of all the quick
closing valves operated by the
quick closing oiL It is not
possible to reopen them, (because
of the position of the slides and
the bushes in the limiter) as long
as the limiter is not brought
back into its basic zero position,
as per the figure A, by taking the
limiter hand wheel to the right.
A non-return ball valve is
mounted in the secondary oil
piping to the limiter. The purpose of this valve is to arrest
the reverse flow of oil from the
space of the limiter to the secondary oil system, during the sudden
unloading of the set. This has a
considerable effect on the shortening of the servomotors' closing
time.
35
03.07.04
QUICK CLOSING VALVES AND

NONRETURN FLAPS
This group includes all the fittings

that are maintained in open
position by quick closing oil
pressure. At a loss of pressure
they close automatically.
(A) HP Quick Closing Stop
Valves 3-10-2021-S
3-10-2048-S(HP QCSV
on 0-10-1003-S) :
On either of the two supply
piping of admission steam, one
quick closing valve is provided
just before the regulating valve.
Through the screen mounted
directly on the body of the valve,
the steam comes above the main
cone. The cone is provided with
an internal by-pass cone, which
makes it possible to equalise
the pressures before and after
the main cone at the beginning of
the starting of the turboset.
The valve is operated by the
servomotor (3-10-2048-S) on
whose piston the force of springs
9 and 10 act on one side, and on
the other side acts the. pressure
of quick closing oil. The quick
closing oil is led into the servomotor, from the main relay
through the accelerator, through
which the oil flows to the underside of the piston of the servomotor through the orifice (26),
so that the opening of the valve
is slow. On the other hand, at a
oil, after the main relay, the oil
pressure below the piston of

servomotor causes the lifting of
the cone 8 from the seating, so
that the oil beneath the piston
is quickly forced out to the drain
through a larger area. To dampen
the impact of the cone of the
valve on its seating, during quick
closing, the piston of the servomotor in its lower position acts
as a shock absorber. In this last
portion of the movement, the
oil from the space underneath the
piston drains out through the
leakage around piston, and the
small holes drilled in the piston.
Magnitude of dampening is adjusted by setting the coupling of the
servomotor piston rod and the
valve spindle so that the piston
in its fully closed position of the
valve is 12 mm above the lowest
possible position. The closing of
the valve is signalled by a limit
switch (marked 255 and 256 as
per Drg. 0-10-1003-S) located
on the servomotors.
The method of testing the mobility of the valve is given in the
section 03.07.11 about the main
relay under para B/3.
(B) Non-return Flaps
(NF 0-10-1003-S) :
These are mounted on either
piping, through which the steam
is led from the HP casing to the
reheater in the boiler. They are
intended to prevent the back flow
of steam into the HP casing in
37
the case of starting the turboset

from hot condition, when the
temperature of steam before the
reheater is lower than that of
HP cylinder, which may get
cooled down. The closed position of the non-return flaps is
signalled by a micro-switch (marked 260 on 0-10-1003-S). Opening of the flap is possible only at
the equalisation of pressure of
steam before and after the flaps.
During testing, before starting
the machine, flaps can be opened
simultaneously with the HP and
MP quick closing valves by the
limiter only when there is no
pressure after the non-return flaps.
If steam pressure exists after the
flaps, the flaps open only after
a rise of pressure in the HP
casing to about the same value.
The required increase of pressure
of steam in the HP casing can
occur after the opening of HP
regulating valves.
The non-return flaps close completely at a loss of pressure of
quick closing oil under normal
operating conditions along with
the HPQCS valves.
(C) LP Quick Closing Valves (310-2047-S,
3-10-2049-S
LPQCSV on 0-10-1003-S) :
Both the valves are located at
about the level of the axis of the
turboset, each on either side of
the MP casing. They are connected in one unit with the
38
interceptor valves so that the

steam passes from the interceptor
valves to the quick closing valves.
The body of the valve is supported
on a bracket on the MP casing
on one side (in a sliding way in
the direction of the turbine axis
of a key), and on the other side
by two swing supports (60) with
special joints, so that the free
normal expansion of the MP casing, steam piping, from the valves
to the MP casing as well as the
body proper of the valves are
possible. The spindle of the valve
marked 8 with the cone (13) in 310-2047-S is controlled by a
servomotor 3-10-2049-S). The
design of this servomotor is
the same as that of HP quick
closing valves including the
accelerator drain and the limit
switches (marked 258. 259 as
per 0-10-1003-S) for signalling
the closed position of the valves.
The valve fully opens, slowly
after attaining the pressure of
quick closing oil and instantaneously closes at the loss of
pressure of quick closing oil.
The method of testing the action
of the valves is given in the
section 03-07-11 in para B/3.
(D) Quick Closing non-return
extraction valves as per 410-1063-S (EV on 0-101003-S) :
IV to VIII extractions are provided with quick closing non-
return extraction valves. The

extent of opening of these valves
can be regulated by the limiting
screw (15). The spindle of the
valve is operated by the piston
rod 19, which is rigidly connected
to the piston 7. The quick closing
oil coming through the electromagnetic relay (EMR in 0-101003-S) flows to the bottom piston (7) through the small holes
and acts against the force of the
springs (17 & 18). The quick
closing oil simultaneously acts
on the bottom area of the free
piston (20) against the tension of
the spring 16.
relay, when all the quick closing

valves close). In case of a loss
of pressure of oil, only in the
extraction valve by the action of
electro-magnetic relay (EMR on
0-10-1003-S), the extraction valves
close when the pressure of extraction steam before and after the
extraction valves is equal, or at
the reverse flow of steam. The
electrical circuit of the magnet
is switched on by means of
several signalisers on attaining the
maximum permissible level of
condensate in the respective
heaters.
The piston (20) is lifted to its top

position by means of oil pressure.
However the piston (7), on which
a higher spring force (18, 17)
(than the force due to the
differential oil pressure) acts, is
lifted from the bottom position,
only at a definite difference of
pressure of steam before and
after the valve cone. If a reverse
flow of steam from heaters to the
turbine occurs due to a sudden
decrease of load or for other
reasons, the valve automatically
closes even at the full pressure of
quick closing oil.
The freeness of the spindle of the

extraction valves can be tested
during operation, by rotating the
hand wheel on the valve stand
towards the right, by which the
screw (15) decreases the lift of the
cone and the pressure after the
valve drops. The construction of
the electromagnetic relay is clear
from the drawing No.3-10-2041-S.
In the operating condition (i.e.)
when the slide valve 3 is in the
upper position, the space above
the differential piston 5 is under
the oil pressure, the supply of
which is throttled by means of
the screw 11. Around the piston
5 the quick closing oil flows to the
servomotor of the extraction
valve. The slide valve 3 is moved
over to the lower position by the
action of the magnet, due to
which the space above the piston
Quick closing of the valve occurs

at a loss of pressure of quick
closing oil in the servomotor
(which can happen by a loss of
pressure in the entire quick closing
system at the action of main
39
will be connected to the drain

through the uncovered ports in the
bush 4. The differential piston
moves over to the upper position
because of the oil pressure below
it, which results in cutting off
of the oil supply to the servomotor of the extraction valve, and
the oil from the servomotor is
connected to the drain inside the
relay.
The impulse for the magnet to
shift to the lower position is given
through a time relay which, after
a lapse of a max. of 5 seconds
changes over the control voltage
through a resistance to reduce the
current, so as to prevent any
damage to the winding of the
magnet. In its lower position,
the slide valve (3) is located by
a locking pin (7). To put the
lock pin back to its normal
working position, it is first necessary to eliminate the fault, (i.e.)
the electrical circuit to the magnet
should be interrupted. After
release of the lock pin, the slide
valve moves back to its upper
position by the spring force (25)
and the differential piston also
moves to the working position.
(A) Change-over valve as per
Drg. 3-10-2028-S COV in 010-1003-S) :
The change-over valve is mounted
on the gland steam piping from
the first stage of the HP glands
and MP glands, and enables the
40
switching over of steam either to

the V extraction piping or to the
condenser. The valve spindle
(6) with the cone (5) is controlled
by the servomotor piston rod (29).
The piston of servomotor (22) is
loaded on one side by the spring
force (25 and 26) and on the
other side by the quick closing oil
pressure which is supplied from
the main relay through the relay
of electro-magnet (50) (marked
as 278 on drg. 0-10-1003-S). The
force of the spring 27 holds the
slide valve 28 in the magnet holder
in such a position, that the oil
supply to the bottom of servomotor piston is open, moving the
servomotor piston rod to close
up gland steam connection with
the condenser, and the gland
steam is sucked off into the V
extraction piping.
The magnet could be energised
manually or electrically for the
following reasons :
(a) Automatic impulse from
maximum condensate level
in the V L.P.H.
(b) At a pressure drop below
2.75 ata in the V extraction.
(c) An impluse from generator
protections.
When it is energised, the relay
slide valve will be shifted over
towards the axis of the servomotor, and will close the supply
of quick closing oil to the relay,

and interconnect the spaces above
and below the servomotor.
Because of the spring force, the
valve cone moves to a position
that enables the cone to close the
passage to the V extraction, and
the gland steam is sucked off into
the condenser.
After a lapse of 2 seconds (after
the emergency) the current
flowing in the electrical circuit
of the magnet is suitably reduced
by the action of a time relay sufficient, to still hold the connection
of the magnet in the position which
permanently cuts off the inlet of
quick closing oil to the bottom
of the servomotor piston. The
changing over of the valve by the
spring force will also occur when
there is a loss of quick closing oil
pressure, by the action of the main
relay when the machine is tripped.
After any trip, the electrical circuit
is intercepted by pressing the
concerned push button, and
only then does the spring (27)
shift the slide (28) to connect the
quick closing oil to the bottom of
the servomotor.
The electric circuit is also interrupted if the V extraction pressure rises to 3 ata. This impulse
is given by a manostat mounted
on the piping of the V extraction between the flange of the
turbine and the quick closing
non-return valve of V extraction.

(F) Accelerator Drain (3-102042-S) [AD in 0-10-1003-S]:
The Accelerator drain is mounted
in the right branch of the quick
closing oil, which the non-return
flaps, extraction valves and
change-over valve, and the right
quick closing valve are connected.
Us function is to create a sudden
oil in the right branch, after the
main relay has functioned, by discharging the oil after the accelerator drain to the drain in the
body of the device itself.
The quick closing oil is supplied
through the union to the inner
portion of the cone (5) and presses
the cone, aided by the spring
force (4), on to its seating on
the bush (2). The oil to the
extraction valves and changeover valve is supplied through the
orifice in the screw (6) and the
pressures before and after the
cone are equalised. At the tripping of the main relay, the pressure below the cone is destroyed,
and because of the oil pressure
on the outside, the cone is pressed
down against the spring force
and enables the quick draining
and destroyal of oil pressure in
the respective system of quick
closing oil, thus effecting accelerated quick closing.
41
03.07.05
GOVERNING VALVES
The quantity of admission steam

entering the turbine is regulated
by 4 governing valves, out of
which valve Nos. 3 and 1 are
located in a common chamber
after the left HP quick closing
stop valve. The valves Nos. 4 and
2 are located in the other chamber
after the right HP quick closing
stop valve. From each of the
four governing valves, steam is
led through independent transfer
piping to the respective nozzle
chambers in the inner HP
cylinder. The nozzle chambers
of the I and IV governing valves
are located under the turbine
axis and the chamber of III
and II are located over the
axis. The steam space of left
and right valve chambers are
interconnected with a piping, so
that if one of the HP quick
closing stop valves is closed,
both the chambers are always
under the pressure of steam.
The quantity of steam to the MP
part is regulated by two
interceptor valves each mounted
before, MP quick closing
stop valve. The extent of
opening of the valves is dependent upon the secondary oil
pressure according to the diagram
TC-0097D. The secondary oil
pressure for full opening of the
interceptor valves (2.0 atg) and

the governing valves (3.2 atg) are
signalled, by manostats 135, 136).
In the secondary oil circuit, an
accelerator relay (3-10-2051-S)
(marked AP in 0-10-1003-S) is
mounted which ensures a loss of
secondary oil pressure simultaneously with the loss of quick
closing oil pressure in both the
branches. All the governing
valves also close when an impulse
for closing of all the quick closing
valves is given.
(A) H.P. Governing valves
(3-10-2021-S,3-10-2031-S)
(marked GV in 0-10-1003-S):
The design and construction of
the steam flow part of the valve
is given in the drawing 3-102021-S. The spindle of the
Governing valve is connected
with the cross-head as per 3-102031-S by the nut 37 and
a sp lit p in . T h e cro ss h ead
is axially movable on the pedestal
of the valve 2 and is guided
through the bushes 25 and 26.
The spring 41 acts on the crosshead in the direction of closing
the valve. By means of the pivot
57, the tie rod 80 is connected to
the cross-head and is controlled
on the other end by the
lever 5. The lever 5 rotates in
43
the pivot 58, and is controlled

through the tie rod by the servomotor piston rod 62. The force
of spring 42 acts on the lever in
the direction of closing the valve.
The position of the piston 8 o!
the servomotor i dependent on
the pressure of the oil under the
piston. The pressure of this oil is
regulated by slide valve 21 and
hush 33 by the regulating edge.
The top edge (x) regulates the
inlet of distributing oil under the
piston, and the bottom edge (/)
regulates the draining of oil from
this space. The position of slide
valve 21 is dependent on the
position of the piston of the
converter 22, 160 (on top of
which the variable secondary oil
pressure acts against the force of
spring 43), or on the change of
position of the piston of the
converter which has an effect on
the pressure of oil in the space
above slide 21. To this space
the distributing oil is supplied
through an orifice 94, and through
the lever edge of the converter,
and it is drained through the
internal space of the slide.
The increase of secondary oil
pressure results in the converter
piston moving downwards, which
diminishes the gap between the
44
lower edge of the converter and

the slide valve, thereby increasing
the oil pressure above the slide
21. Because of this increase
of oil pressure, the slide moves
close to a lower position against
the force of the spring 44, and the
top regulating edge admits oil to
the bottom of the piston of servomotor, when the bottom edge
closes the drain from the bottom
space of the piston. Because of
this increase of oil pressure under
the piston of servomotor, the
piston moves upwards against
the spring force 41 and 42 and
the valve opens.
Simultaneously, however, through
the feed back arrangements
actuated by the links 61, 161.
162, and the swinging two
armed lever 7 in conjunction with
the spring 44, the bush 33 follows
the movements of the slide (i.e.)
moves downwards, and the regulating edge again throttles the
flow of oil. By this, the servomotor settles into a new higher
position, corresponding to the
higher pressure of secondary oil.
At a decrease of secondary oil
pressure the reverse process takes
place, with a resulting drop of oil
pressure between the piston of
servomotor and the throttling of
the governing valves.
The drive of each valve is

provided with an electro-magnetic
relay which enables the testing of
proper functioning of the valves
even during operation on load,
for the full lift of the valve. By
pressing the respective push
buttons on the instrument panel
and thereby closing the electrical
circuit of the electro-magnet (158)
(marked as 272 in 0-10-1003-S),
the armature of the magnet is
moved along the relay piston,
in the direction against the force
of spring 49. By this, the distributing oil is admitted above the
piston 36 through the holes in the
bush 33 and slide 21, which
presses down piston 36 against
the force of spring 45, 46. In the
space above the slide 21, the oil
pressure is drained and the governing valves fully closed immediately, which is optically signalled
by the microswitches 159 (marked
257 in 0-10-1003-S). After a
lapse of one second, the electrical
circuit of electro-magnet is intercepted by the action of an adjustable time relay, and the servomotor of the magnet along with
the piston of the relay 55 returns
lo its original position because
of the force of spring 49.
Thus oil above the piston (36) is
drained, and the valve opens
again to the same value as before
the test. By the same procedure,
it is possible to test all the govern-
ing valves that have been opened

one after the other with a time
interval of about one minute.
The valves No. 13 can be
tested (at a steady operation) at
a load upto 75% of the rated
output and valve No. 4 whenever
it is opened. This test is done
periodically once a week, but in
case of a doubt on the cleanliness
of steam and the free movement
of any of the valves, the test is to
be done more often. It is necessary during each test to check, as
per the signal lights, whether the
valve actually closes completely
and whether it opens again to its
original value. If not the cause
must be immediately investigated
and rectified, even if the machine
has to be shut down. To prevent
the sudden impact of the valve on
its seat during the quick closing
of the valve, the piston of the
servomotor in its lower position
works as a damper. The magnitude of damping is adjusted by
the extent of screwing in of the
piston rod 62 with screw (locked
by the lock nut 63) so that at the
full closing of the valve, the piston
has a lift of 4 mm from the lowest
possible position. The secondary
oil is admitted above the bushes of
the converter through an orifice
in the cone 17 of the drain accelerating device. The cone is pressed against its seat or the bush by
spring 50. At the loss of pressure
in the system of secondary oil, the
45
oil above the converter piston

will compress the cone 17 against
the spring force, and oil is drained
into the drain over the cone
through a larger section, and the
valve closes the steam supply to
the turbine quickly. The piston
of the converter is centred in its
lower position by the pressure of
distributing oil, which is admitted
through a perforated insertion
piece (69) with a fine screen (83)
for filtering any possible impurities in the oil. The screen must be
cleaned at every outage of the unit.
(B) Interceptor Valves 3-10-2047S 3-10-2050-S (IV in 010-1003-S) :
Design of the steam flow part of
the valve is given in the drawing
3-10-2047-S. The internal bypass of the main cone 6 is closed
by the small cone on the spindle
(7). First, the steam passage is
opened by the small cone which
creates a drop of the pressure
above the main cone and the
same is carried by the small cone
during its further movement. The
spindle of the valve is operated
through a fixed coupling of the
piston of the servomotor (42 as
per 3-10-2050-S). The functional
principle of the drive of the valve
is the same as HP governing valve.
The difference in construction is
mainly in the direct connection
of the piston rod of the servo46
motor, and with the spindle of the

valve which calls for the location
of the spring 26 and 27 intended
for closing of the valve, directly
in the servomotor, and in the
arrangement of feed back system
from the link to the bush 23.
The functional testing of the
interceptor valves is carried out
at least once a week, at steady
operation, by an electro-magnetic
relay, connected in the same way
as that of the HP governing
valves. The two valves are
tested one after the other at a
load upto 75 % rated value. The
closing of the valve is checked
by the signal lamp, which receives
an impulse from the microswitch
located on the body of the valve
and operated by the piston of the
servomotor through the collar 63.
On 0-10-1003-S, the magnets are
marked with Nos. 273 and the
microswitch by 262, 263.
(C) Setting the characteristics
of Governing and Interceptor
valves :
The proper relation of the lift

with respect to the pressure of
secondary oil, (when adjusting
the governing and interceptor
valves as per diagram TC-0097-D
at the standstill of the machine)
is achieved by proper adjustment
of the spring 43, which acts
against the pressure of secondary
oil on the piston of converter
(22, 160) through the support 70.
and the tie rod 78 (the position

numbers as per the drg. 3-10-2031 S).
At the assembly, the pre-stressing
of the spring as well as the number
of
active
coils
are
set
preliminarily.
The
final
adjustment of all these valves
could be carried out with oil
pressure as given below :
approximately, and in case of too

great a difference this should be
rectified immediately as per para
(a). Setting of the support
(number of active coils of spring)
by which the slope of the
measured characteristic corresponds to the diagram, is final,
even if the start of opening is not
yet quite correct.
(a) Initially, the start of opening

of the valve at the specified secondary oil pressure (as per the diagram) is set approximately. If
the valve starts to open at a lower
(higher) pressure of the secondary
oil than specified, it is necessary
to increase (decrease) the pretension of the spring 43 by tightening (loosening) the nuts on the
tie rod (78).
(c) The final setting of the

correct start of opening, as per
the diagram, is done as per the
para (a) without affecting the
inclination of the characteristic
set as per para (b).
(h) It is necessary to check

whether the actual measured
characteristics agree with the
given characteristic. In case the
measured characteristic at this
part is steeper (flatter) than shown
in the diagram (i.e.) a greater
(smaller) valve lift corresponds
to a certain chosen difference of
pressure of the secondary oil than
determined by the diagram
[measured value is more (less)
than in the diagram], making it
necessary to turn the support 70
to the right (to the left) and
decrease (increase) the number of
active coils of the spring. It is
necessary to simultaneously check
the start of opening of the valve
Simultaneously, the proper lift

of the interceptor valves must be
checked with respect to the
secondary oil pressure and the
start of opening of the I and II
governing valves. If the lifts are
measured on the piston rod of
servomotor, the fact that the
piston rod stroke is 3 times the
stroke of the valve spindle, must
be considered.
After the final adjustment, the full
course of the characteristic is to be
recorded and kept, which will
serve as the basis for future verification of the proper functioning of
the governing valves during operation. The valves are to be adjusted
as far as possible at the operating
oil temperature i.e. at a
minimum temperature of 50C
before the oil coolers.
47
03.07.06
EMERGENCY GOVERNORS
EMERGENCY GOVERNORS
4-10-1046-S (Marked FEG,
REG in 0-10-1003-S):
space of emergency governors by

means of the testing device of
the emergency governors.
There are two emergency governors located on the extension

piece of the HP rotor and they
give the impulse for closing of the
steam inlet to the turbine at the
increase of speed to the value of
3,300 to 3,360 rpm. The centre
of gravity of the pin 3 is away
from the axis of the turbine, and
the centrifugal force of the pin
acts against the force of the spring
(4). On attaining the speed at
which the centrifugal force of the
pin is higher than the force of the
spring, the pin instantaneously
comes out with the full stroke
value designed.
The oil pressure acts on the pin

in the same direction as that of the
centrifugal force acting on the
pin, and the pressure at the
moment of tripping, measured
by the pressure gauges provided
on the tester, is an indication for
judging the correct functioning
of the emergency governors, provided that the machine speed is
equal at all tests. The slipping
out of the pins result in the deflection of the lever of the main relay,
which results in the loss of quick
closing oil pressure and the consequent closing of quick closing
devices.
The speed at which the emergency

governor is to act, can be adjusted
by varying the pre-tension of
spring 4 by changing the thickness
of washer 6. The return of the
pin to its original position, will
occur at a decrease of speed to
about 3,050 rpm. The reduction
in the thickness of the washer by
1 mm corresponds approximately
to a reduction of tripping speed
of the pin by 120 rpm.
Another protection against

inadmissible rise of speed of
the set, is the manostat 133 as per
0-10-1003-S connected on the
primary oil system. On an
increase of oil pressure to 3.05
atg, the manostat makes contact
and gives an impulse for tripping
of the unit through the electromagnetic relay (RM).
The slipping out of pins can be

achieved even at the rated speed
by admitting pressure oil to the
49
03.07.07
TESTER OF EMERGENCY
GOVERNOR (DESCRIPTION)
TESTER OF EMERGENCY
GOVERNOR
2-10-1010-S
(TEG on O-10-1003-S) :
The tester is intended for testing
the correct functioning of the
emergency governors while the
set is running at the rated speed.
During normal operation, the
hand wheel (60) is screwed out to
the extreme position on the left,
so that the bushes marked 5 and 6
mounted on that are kept away
from the tip of the rotor and also
no oil is admitted to the tester
through the unions A and B. If
the front (rear) emergency governor marked FEG (REG) is to
be tested while the machine is at
rated speed, it is necessary to
supply pressure oil to the unions
A (B), by rotating the distributor
(marked DTR on 0-10-1003-S)
by about 150 from the middle
position to the right (left). By
rotating the hand wheel towards
the right, the tester moves towards
the rotor and the pressure oil
enters the inner (outer) canals in
the bush marked 5 and 6 and
in the space of front (rear)
emergency governor, till the pin
of the governor comes out. The
pressure of oil at the moment of
tripping, measured by the pressure
gauge 57 should be compared
with oil pressure, ascertained at
the basic test performed at the

same rated speed. This basic test
should be performed immediately
after the test of the emergency
governors by the over speed for
tripping. If the pressure of oil
required for slipping out the pin
at any subsequent verification, is
higher than that of the basic test
it indicates that the oil space of the
emergency governor is unclean
and must be cleaned after the
stoppage of the set. Immediately
after the completion of !he test
the tester should always be moved
away from the tip of the rotor
by rotating the hand wheel of the
tester to the left up to the end.
51
03.07.08
OIL DISTRIBUTOR
(DESCRIPTION)
DISTRIBUTOR 3-10-2026-S
(DTR in 0-10-1003-S) :
The distributor helps to achieve
the following three objectives :
(1) To divide the system of
quick closing oil into two
parts, right and left, through
the main relay.
(2) The sequential testing of
both the emergency governors by the emergency
tester.
(3) The sequential setting of
both parts of the main relay
to operating positions.
The distributor is connected
through union 15 to the distributing oil, which however does
not flow further, at normal operation of the machine when the
distributor is always in the neutral
position (position 1).
nor tester to that part which

enables the testing of rear (front)
emergency governor by the oil
pressure.
The inlet of oil to the second part
of the tester is closed by the 3-way
valve G. The distributor is held
in the rotated position of 150 by
the force of spring (4).
The rotation of the distributor
by 90 from the neutral position
to the left (right), (on the drg.
position No. 3 rotated towards left), allows the distributing
oil to the left (right) part of the
main relay above the piston (33
on 3-10-2018-S) which is pushed
to the bottom position and thus
keeps the left (right) part of the
main relay engaged.
At the rotation of the distributor

by 150 from the neutral position
to the left (right) by means of the
hand wheel upto the stop (on the
drawing position 2 rotated
towards left), the inlet of distributing oil is connected through
the three-way valve (G in 0-101003-S) to the main relay which
is divided into two parts by the
movement of the piston (7 in 3-102018-S). Simultaneously, oil is
supplied to the emergency gover53
03.07.09
MAGNETIC RELAY
(DESCRIPTION)
MAGNETI RELAY : 3-10in 0-10-1003-S) :

C 2025-S
The
magnetic
relay which is located on the
left side of the front bearing
pedestal, transfers the electrical
impulses from all the protections
of turboset, on to the main relay
and effects the tripping of both
the parts of the main relay
simultaneously. The impulses
from the push buttons of the fire
protection which are located on
the escape ways from the
machine, as well as all other such
impulses of the entire block,
which are to trip the unit, are
connected to this magnet. The
electrical impulses from all the
protections are connected to the
magnet (270 in 0-10-1003-S) by
independent electrical circuits
through different routes. When
the electrical circuit of the magnet
is energised due to the action of
any of the protections, the armature of the magnet, along with the
piston (3) moves down against
the force of the spring (4).
Even if only one of the pistons
moves to the lower position
(when the circuit for the other
magnet is defective) there will be
a loss of oil pressure in both the
main relay connecting pipings
since the supply of oil to these
connecting pipings from the
distributing oil circuit is through

orifice plates which have a cross
section considerably smaller than
the oil discharge section created
in the relay.
The loss of oil pressure in the
connecting piping, results in the
tripping of both parts of the main
relay. By tripping of the main
relay, the quick closing oil pressure is destroyed in the whole
system, and all the quick closing
organs of the system close immediately. The pressure switches
mounted on the quick closing
circuits (marked 253, 254 in 0-101003-S) connect the respective
microswitches, which give the
impulses for cutting off the
electrical supply to the electromagnet circuit, and the piston
along with the armature of the
magnet, return back to their
normal upper position.
The turboset can be tripped out
of operation by manually pressing
down the pin of any one of the
magnets.
03.07.10
ACCELERATOR RELAY
(DESCRIPTION)
ACCELERATOR RELAY (3-102051-S) (AR in 0-10-1003-S) :

The accelerator relay, which is
located on the left side of the
front bearing pedestal, ensures
the closing of all the governing
and interceptor valves permanently, at a loss of pressure
of the quick closing oil and
temporarily, by electro-magnet
271 in (0-10-1003-S) at the action
of some of the protections of
the alternator, transformer or on
the H.T. lines, by which the
alternator is taken off the grid.
During normal operation, piston
16 is held in its top position by
means of the quick closing oil
pressure at its bottom, supplied
through the ports in piston 17.
Thus, the drain of secondary oil
is closed, which is supplied above
the ring (15) connected to the
piston (16). Thus the secondary
oil pressure acts against the force
provided by the quick closing oil.
At a loss of pressure of quick
closing oil, the piston 16 drops
down to the bottom position,
and because of the secondary oil
pressure and its own weight, the
secondary oil is connected to the
drain.
armature of the magnet along

with piston 17 moves downwards
against the force of the spring (2).
Because of this, the inlet of quick
closing oil to the bottom of piston
16 is closed, and this space is
connected to the drain. Due to
the downward movement of the
piston, the secondary oil is
drained to the drain, closing
instantaneously both the HP and
MP governing valves. The
electrical circuit of the electromagnet automatically gets cut
off after 2 to 2.5 sees, by the
action of an adjustable time relay
in the electric circuit of the
magnet, after which, piston 17
returns back, to its top position
because of spring force 2. This
results in the lifting up of piston
16 and consequently, the closing
of the drain of secondary oil, and
the governing valves open again
(after the stabilisation of the
transient speed rise) to a value
which corresponds to a speed,
which is dependent upon the
magnitude of the load that is
thrown off, and the setting of
the non-uniformity of the
regulation,
At the closing of the electrical

circuit of the electro-magnet, the
57
03.07.11
MAIN RELAY
(DESCRIPTION)
MAIN RELAY 3-10-2044-S, 310-2018-S (MR in 0-10-1003-S):

Main relay is the central device,
which accepts all the impulses
from the various protections of
the set for the immediate tripping
of the machine causing loss of
pressure of quick closing oil in
the system.
Main relay consists of two analogous functioning parts mutually
interconnected by channels in its
casting across the sleeve 27 and
the slide 7.
At the bottom position of the
slide (view N), each of the two
functioning parts of the relay acts
on the whole system of quick
closing oil. This is the normal
operating position. In the top
position of the slide (view R),
each functional part of the relay
acts only on the half of the system
of quick closing oil which is
divided into right or left systems.
This divided system can be
achieved by admitting the control
oil by the union marked VIII
underneath slide 7, by the
rotation of the distributor (DTR
on 0-10-1003-S) to right or left
extreme position (150 from the
neutral). The division of the
system is performed only at the
tests of the emergency governors.
and at the test for the proper

functioning of quick closing
valves during operation, and the
same is signalised (by the signal
lamps) through a pressure switch
(252 on 0-10-1003-S) connected
to the union marked VII.
Tripping of the main relay is
effected by 4 types of impulses,
namely :
(1) Direct mechanical action
of the emergency governor
(either by actual increase in
speed or by tester of emer
gency governor).
(2) By the manual action of trip
lever located on the front
side of the front bearing
pedestal (TL in 0-10-1003-S)
by rotating the lever in a
clockwise direction which
results in the rotation of the
cams (23) and the lifting of
the pins marked 22 ;
(3) The electrical impulses
from the remaining protec
tions (including the remote
tripping push buttons) con
nected through the magnetic
relay (RM on 0-10-1003-S)
create a loss of pressure of
oil above both the pistons (6)
thereby lifting the piston
by the spring force (17, 18).
59
(4) By manual pressing of the

pin directly, at either of the
magnetic relays (marked 270
in 0-10-1003-S) with a result
similar to (3).
The impulse (1) from the front
emergency governor (PEG as
per 0-10-1003-S) acts only on
the lever 14 and the connected bell crank lever 16, and from
the rear emergency governor
(REG) only on the lever 13 and
15. The other impulses from (2)
to (4) result in the acting of both
the levers 15 and 16 simultaneously. By the movement of the
levers 15 and 16, the pistons (33)
are released from the notch in the
levers and the spring force (12)
presses them towards the top
position, draining the oil through
the ports in the slide (8) and (9).
There will be a loss of pressure
of oil in the space above the
slides, and even in the piping to
the limiter (union IV), as the
distributing oil is supplied into
this space through a small hole
in the slides. The loss of pressure in each part makes the
respective signal lamps light up
through the pressure switches
(250, 251 in 0-10-1003-S). The
two slides are lifted to the top
portion due to the pressure of
60
distributing oil, cutting off the

supply of distributing oil to the
quick closing system and draining
the quick closing oil into the
bearing pedestals. The loss of
pressure of quick closing oil in the
right and left systems is signalled
by the respective signal lamps
through the pressure switches 253
and 254 (on 0-10-1003-S). The
procedure for bringing the main
relay back to the normal engaged
position after cancelling the tripping impulse, depends upon
the type of tripping that has
occurred.
(A) At the undivided system
the distributor in the
neutral position:
(1) Only the right (left) part of
the main relay has tripped
by the action of front (rear)
emergency governor by the
increase of speed. The
entire quick closing system
is without oil pressure, and
all the quick closing valves
are closed. The signal
lamps 251 (250) and 253 and
254 are on. The governing
and interceptor valves are
also closed because of the
loss of pressure of secondary
oil by the action of Accelerator Relay.
Bringing into operating condition :
The nominal speed changer is to

be brought to its basic position,
if it had been manipulated before
the tripping. The speed changer
is to be rotated to the right
extreme position (). The
limiter is rotated towards the
right (), upto the basic position
below 90 when the signal lamps
250 (251) also light up. Open the
drain between the cones of interceptor and MP quick closing
valves, so as to equalise the
pressure on the cone of the quick
closing valve. If the speed of the
turboset has fallen below 3,000
rpm when the pin of the
emergency governor would have
returned to its normal position,
the distributor is turned through
90 from the neutral position
towards the right (left) and kept
for about 2 3 sees, by which
oil will be supplied through the
union V above the piston 33,
which is pressed downwards and
closes the drain of oil through
the hole in the slide 8 (9). By
bringing back the distributor to
its neutral position, the oil pressure above the piston is interrupted, but the same is further
held in this position by the notch
in the bell crank lever, pressed by
the force of spring 19. By

opening the limiter [by rotating
towards left (+)] the drain of
control oil through the limiter is
closed above the slide 8 and 9, and
the oil pressure rises pushing the
slide down to the bottom position and the signal lamps 250
(251) will be switched off. Thus,
the draining of the quick closing
oil in the main relay is stopped
and the signal lamps 253, 254 are
switched off when the quick
closing valves open.
Due to the quick closing oil
pressure, the drain of secondary
oil pressure is automatically
stopped from the Accelerator
Relay (AR).
By a further slow opening of the
limiter, the governing valves and
the interceptor valves start opening, as required for increasing the
speed. After the regulation has
been taken over by the transformer, the limiter is set to a
value corresponding to the full
output. The rated speed is
regulated by means of the speed
changer.
The drains between the cones of
the interceptor and MP quick
closing valves are closed.
61
(2) Both parts of the main relay

are tripped by the simultaneous action of both the emer.
gency governors, or by the
action of other protections
for tripping the unit by
the magnetic relays or by the
hand tripping. The entire
quick closing and control oil
systems are without oil pressure. The signal lamps 250,
251, 253, 254 are on.
Bringing into operating condition:
The procedure as given in (1)

holds good for this with only one
difference; that it is necessary to
rotate the distributor by 90 from
the neutral position towards both
the directions so that both the
halves of the main relay get
engaged.
In case the tripping has occurred
due to the action of the electromagnet, it is evident that the
concerned trouble is to be first
set right, before the re-starting
with the limiter.
(B) At the divided system the
distributor is rotated through
150 towards left or right :
(I) When both the parts of the

main relay are tripped by any
of the impulses from various
protections acting through
the magnetic relay, or by the
62
hand tripping of the unit or

by tripping of both the emergency governors.
The entire system of quick closing
and control oil circuits is without
the oil pressure. The governing
valves and the interceptor valves
are also closed because of loss of
pressure of secondary oil by the
action of Accelerator Relay (AR).
The lamps 250, 251, 252,253, 254
are on.
Bringing back to the operating
condition :
The nominal speed changer is

brought to its basic intermediate
position if it had been manipulated earlier. The speed changer
is rotated to its extreme right
position (). The limiter is rotated towards the right () upto
the basic position below 90.
Open the drain between the cones
of the Interceptor and MP QCV,
so as to equalise the pressure on
the cone of QCV.
In case the tripping is due to the
action of emergency governors
by increase in speed, it is necessary to wait till the speed falls
below 3,000 rpm. In case the
tripping has occurred by the
action of electro-magnetic relay,
it is necessary to rectify the cause
of the trouble.
While slowly bringing-hack the

distributor to the intermediate
neutral position from 150 position, at a rotation of 90, the right
(left) part of the relay automatically gets engaged and the signal
lamp 252 will be off. On further
rotation of the distributor by 90
from the neutral position to the
left (right) direction, the left (right)
part of the relay gets engaged.
Then the distributor is kept in
the neutral position.
By rotating the limiter towards
the left (+), the pressure of
control oil pressure builds up
above the pistons 8 and 9 and the
lamps 250, 251 will be switched
off. The slides will automatically move towards the bottom
position, by which the normal
pressure of quick closing oil is
achieved, and the lamps 253, 254
are switched off, and the quick
closing valves open.
By the further slow opening of
the limiter, the interceptor and
governing valves are open as per
requirement of speed. After the
regulation has been taken over by
the transformer, the limiter is set
to a value corresponding to the
full output.
The speed of the set is adjusted

by the speed changer. The drains
between the valve cones of the
interceptor and QCV are closed.
(2) When only one part of the
relay, for eg. the left, is
tripped, due to the action of
the rear emergency governor
(REG) at the increase of
speed, there is a loss of pressure of quick closing oil
only in the left part of the
system and consequent closing of the left HP-MP quick
closing valves. The lamps
250, 252, 253 light up. By
the movement of the ball in
the three-way valve G (as
per 0-10-1003-S) the normal
pressure of quick closing oil
into the right part of the
system is maintained. The
pressure of secondary oil in
the Accelerator Relay (AR)
as well as the control oil
pressure in the limiter are
maintained and thus the
governing and interceptor
valves remain open and the
set continues to be in operation.
Bringing into operating
condition :
The nominal speed changer is
brought back to its basic position,
if the same has been manipulated
before the tripping. Using the
63
speed changer reduce the speed

of the set to 3,000 rpm. The
distributor is rotated from its
earlier turning of 150 to 90
towards the left of the neutral
position, and when the lamps 250,
252 and 253 are switched off,
bring the distributor back to the
neutral position. Then the left
HP QCV will open. To open the
left MP QCV, open the drain
between the left interceptor and
QCV, and by manual pressing of
the electro-magnet on the left
interceptor valve, the drain is
closed temporarily. Thus, the
pressure before and after the
valve cone of the MP QCV is
equalised and the MP QCV will
open. The manual pressing of
the magnet is released and the
above said drain is also closed.
(3) One part of the relay is
tripped, for eg. the left, by
the action of the rear emergency governor (REG) at the
rated speed by the emergency
governor tester. This condition is achieved by rotating
the distributor by 150 from
the neutral position towards
the left, and by screwing in
the oil tester of the emergency
governors towards the rotor
by rotating its hand wheel
to the right.
64
The left part of the system of

quick closing oil is without pressure, and the left HP and MP
QCV are closed. The signal
lamps 250, 252, 253 light up.
The right side HP and MP QCV,
as well as all the governing valves
remain open, the limiter remains
in the unchanged working position, and the secondary oil pressure is maintained by the 3-way
valve (G in 0-10-1003-S).
Bringing into operating
condition :
The emergency governor oil tester
is moved away from the rotor by
rotating the hand wheel of the
tester towards the left completely.
The distributor is rotated to a
position of 90 towards the left
from its earlier position of 150 ;
from the neutral, and after the
lights 250, 252 and 253 switch off
the distributor is taken to the
neutral position. The left HP
QCV will open. To open the
MP QCV also, open the drain
between the left interceptor valve
and the left QCV, and press the
electro-magnet of the interceptor
valve manually to close the same
momentarily. When the MP
QCV is opened, the electromagnet on the interceptor valve is
released, and the above mentioned
drain is also closed. The mani-
pulations given under B 3 are

used not only during the testing
of protections before the synchronising, but also during the running
on a load of about 40-50 MW.
By this method, the process of the
HP and MP QCV of both the
sides are also checked simultaneously along with the testing of
functioning of emergency governor, without any undesirable
shocks of load changes. This
testing is performed once a week
and more often in case of a doubt
regarding the quality of steam or
oil. During this testing the shift
in charge shall be present and
more attention is given to the
set, the necessary instructions for
alertness having been given to the
operating personnel of the whole
block before hand. The actual
closing of the respective valves is
checked by the signals 255 and
256, 258, 259 on 0-10-1003-S
which are connected on the respective limit switches on the quick
closing valves. If during this
test it is observed that any of the
emergency governors trip (even
at the repeated tests) at a higher
pressure of oil than the corresponding value noticed at the last
setting of the emergency governors, or that any of the quick
closing HP and MP valves do not
close fully, the turboset should
not be operated further, until

these defects are rectified.
The distributor should always be
in the neutral intermediate position during operation so as to
ensure the tripping of the complete
unit even when one of the emergency governors act during the
normal run.
65
03.07.12
HYDRO-MECHANICAL AXIAL
PROTECTION (DESCRIPTION)
HYDRO-MECHANICAL AXIAL
PROTECTION 3-10-2023-S (206
as per Drg. 0-10-1003-S) 3-100037-M:
the circuit of the magnet of the

magnetic relay (RM) which results
in the tripping of the main relay
and the turboset.
This is mounted on the cover of

the bearing pedestal between HP
and MP parts, and is intended for
tripping the unit from operation
at an axial movement of the rotor
with respect to the stator, by more
than 0.7 mm in either direction
with an assumption that the clearance in the axial bearing is 0.3 mm.
The slide (3) is pressed against
the collar on the rotor by means
of spring 7 through slide 1 and
lever 16. The slide moves into
body 13 to which the lubricating
oil is supplied through an orifice.
During the normal operation, the
inlet of oil is closed in the body
by the slide which covers on both
sides the inlet ports. At the
movement of the rotor in any
axial direction, the slide also
follows the movement till it
starts releasing the oil to the
drain. By this, the pressure of
oil on the incoming piping after
the orifice, starts dropping till,
at a movement of 0.7 mm, the
pressure drops to such a value
that the manostat (206 on 0-101003-S) which is connected to the
piping after the orifice makes the
contact. The manostat connects
The proper setting of the protection is carried out with the rotor
pressed towards the generator,
by adjusting the respective connection of slide 1 with lever 16.
The testing of the proper functioning of the protection is performed before the start of the unit
or before synchronising, by slowly
pressing by hand, the armature
of the magnet (38) to the bottom
position by which link 4 and the
two armed lever (14) move the
slide away from the middle
position and thus making contact
in the manostat.
The testing for a proper functioning of the circuit can be performed
also, by energising the magnet by
pressing the respective push
button in the control panel. The
circuit of the electro-magnet will
be intercepted automatically by a
time relay after 3 seconds.
67
03.07.13
ELECTROMAGNETIC PROTECTION OF AXIAL MOVEMENT OF

THE THRUST BEARING
COLLAR, RELATIVE EXPANSION
OF ROTORS AND CASINGS
A common apparatus consisting

of electro-magnetic pick-ups,
panel of protections with measuring bridges and signalling set, a
box of stabilising transductors,
change-over switches, indicating
instruments and a 6 point recorder
is used for measuring the axial
movement of thrust bearing collar
and relative expansion of rotors
and casings.
This apparatus is supplied with
its own instructions Pamphlet
giving the adjustments on the
electrical side also. Therefore,
only a general description with
instructions for adjusting the
mechanical part by which the
pick-ups are mounted, is given
here.
The pick-ups for measuring the
expansion of HP and MP casings,
enable the reading of the expansion directly on the scale in the
pick-up as well as on the indicating instrument and the recorder.
For the protection of axial
bearing and the relative expansion
of HP, MP and LP rotors
contact
less
differential
transformer type pick-ups of the
similar design are used. The
primary winding of the pick-up
is supplied with the 240V
through
an
insulating
transformer with a transductor
unit. The collar rotates along
with the rotor of the turbine, in

between the pole shoes of the
pick-up.
When the rotor and the collar
move, the air gaps in between
the pole shoes and the collar vary,
which induces a proportional
voltage in the secondary winding
of the pick-up. This voltage is
fed across a rectifying bridge.
The difference of DC voltages of
both the bridges determines the
magnitude of current for the
indicating instrument and the
recorder, and the relay, which on
attaining the pre-set value, gives
the impulse for signalling or the
tripping of the unit through the
electro-magnetic relay (RM).
The indicating instrument is
common for all the pick-ups, and
the value for the respective pickup is read off after choosing the
particular pick-up by means of
the change-over switch.
The recorder is also common,
with automatic recording of the
individual values one after the
other.
(A) Electro-magnetic pick-up
for the axial protection 310-2022-S (205 in 0-10-1003S, 3-10-0037-M):
The pick-up is mounted in a sliding way in a holder on the cover
69
of the bearing pedestal between

the HP and MP parts as per
drawing 3-10-2022-S. When the
rotor is pressed towards the
generator, the collar, on the rotor
is away by 0.15 mm from the
central position towards the
generator (checked by feeler
gauge). With the pick-up moved
by 0.15 mm towards the HP part,
both the indicators and recording
instruments must read a value of
+ 0.15 mm, and in this position
the pick-up must be fixed permanently. The relays in the electric
circuit of the protection are
adjusted such that the impulse
for tripping the unit is given at an
axial movement of the collar by
0.5 mm towards the generator i.e.
when the indicating instrument
reads a movement of + 0.65 mm.
When the rotor moves towards
the front end by 0.3 mm (which
is the clearance in the axial
bearing) the instruments will read
0.15 mm. The relay again gives
the impulse for tripping the unit
on further movement of the collar
by 0.5 mm towards the direction
of front end of the turbine, i.e.
when the instruments are reading
0.65mm. Simultaneously
there is an optical signal at the
protection panel. The testing of
the proper functioning of the
protection circuit of the axial
bearing is done before the start of
the unit, or before the synchronising, slowly pressing by hand the
70
armature of the magnet located

on the holder of the pick-up. By
a system of the rods and levers
the pick-up is moved in the
grooves of the holder by a
maximum of about 1.5 mm, by
which it is possible to follow the
same on the indicating instrument
with the change-over switch kept
in the proper position. By this
method, a condition of the collar
being moved towards the generator is simulated, and at a value
of 0.65 mm, the electro-magnetic
relay (RM) must trip the unit.
The testing of this can also
be performed remotely by the
push buttons from the control
panel, by which the electric circuit
of the magnet of the axial protection is energised. The circuit is
automatically cut off after 3
seconds through a time relay.
(B) Electro-magnetic pick-up
for the relative expansion
of HP Rotor 2-10-1010-S
(200 in 0-10-1003-S, 3-100037M) :
The pick-up is firmly mounted on
the holder marked 2, which slides
on the body of the tester of
emergency governor marked 1
in the front bearing pedestalDuring assembly, the pick-up
is set by screw 26 and hand
wheel 31, so that the collar
on the rotor is exactly in the
middle of the pole pieces of the
pick-up, when the rotor is kept
pressed towards the generator.

The indicating and recording
apparatuses must, at this position
read ' Zero'. The relay in the
electrical circuit of the protection
is adjusted to give an impulse for
signalisation at the expansion of
HP rotor to +3.5 mm and 1.5
mm relative to the HP casing.
The proper functioning of the
protection circuit can be tested
at any time by moving the pick-up
in both the directions by handwheel 31. By rotating the wheel
towards the left, a condition
similar to the increase of relative
expansion of HP rotor is created,
and towards the right the vice
versa. The stops for the movement of pick-up of about 5 mm
towards the generator and about
2 mm towards the front are
permitted. After testing the
pick-up must be returned to its
original basic position.
(C) Electro-magnetic pick-up
for the relative expansion of
MP and LP rotors 3-102038-S, 3-10-2039-S (201,
202 in 0-10-1003-S, 3-100037M) :
The type and mounting of these
for pick-ups are similar to the
one for the axial protection.
During assembly the holders of
the pick-ups are set, so that the
collars on the rotors are at the
centre of the two pole pieces of
the pick-up, when the rotors are
pressed towards the generator.

The indicating and recording
instruments must, at this position,
indicate ' Zero ' reading.
The relays on the electrical circuit
are set so that signallisation
occurs at :
Relative expansion
of MP rotor with
respect to MP
casing
1 + 3.5 mm
1.5 mm
Relative expansion
of LP rotor with
respect to LP
casing
+ 4 mm
2 mm
By pressing the armature of the

magnet on the holder of pick-up
(either manually or remotely by
pressing the corresponding push
button for energising the magnet),
it is possible to verify the proper
functioning of the measuring
circuit on the indicating instrument.
At the pick-up for MP part, the
relative expansion of the rotor
seemingly increases and in LP
part it decreases by about 1.5 mm.
Note :The precise values for
signalisation mentioned in para
B and C will be decided finally
and corrected in the operating
instructions if necessary, by the
Commissioning Engineers, according to the values entered in
the passport of the machine
after erection and before the first
starting of the unit.
71
03.07.14
APPARATUS FOR MEASURING

THE VIBRATIONS OF BEARING
PEDESTALS
Apparatus for measuring the vibrations of the bearing pedestals

(224 on 3-10-0037-M) :
The apparatus consists of 12 pickups, the electronic system of the
apparatus and the recording
instrument. The pick-ups are
firmly mounted on the bearing
pedestals as per the scheme 3-100037M, for measuring vibrations
in the vertical, horizontal or the
axial directions. It is however,
possible for a different arrangement of the pick-ups, which is
decided as per the magnitude and
characteristic of the vibration of
the individual pedestal in the
actual operation.
The electronic part and the
recording parts of the instruments
are located in the unit control
room.
The apparatus gives the impulse
for signalisation in case the vibration of any of the bearing pedestal
reaches the pre-set value. This
value is finally decided during
the test run, and is however,
limited to 50 microns. Description and necessary instructions
for this apparatus will be given
by the respective manufacturers.
73
03.08.00
TECHNICAL DATA OF
ACCESSORIES IN CONDENSATION AND REGENERATIVE
SYSTEM
03.08.01
Two-way surface condensers
2 Nos.
Each of cooling area3380 sq.m.
Quantity of cooling water for both
the condensers 15400 Cu.m/hr.
Resistance on water side of each
condenser
5 m.w.cl.
03.08.02
One two-stage steam jet air
ejector of ' Duplex Type ', each
with its own condenser:
Minimum pressure of working
Steam
7 ata
Temperature of steam
300C
Steam
Consumption
1600
Kg/hr.
03.08.03
One single-stage steam jet starting ejector, without auxiliary

condenser for quick evacuation
of the set before putting into
operation.
Fan output 1980 cu.m/hr. El.

Motor rating 7.5 B.H.P/
415v/50c/sec.
Speed
2855 rpm
03.08.06
Two starting oil pumps :
125COAV/305
Quantity
2000 1/mt.
Head 138 Meters of water
column.
Pressure
12 atg.
Squirrel cage induction Motor
Rating 95 K.W./415v/50c/sec.
Speed
1480 rpm.
Np
72 KW.
03.08.07
One Emergency
Pump : 100NCU
03.08.05
Two fans for exhausting the steam
air mixture from the chimney
steam condenser.
Oil
Quantity
800 1/mt.
Pressure
2.7 atg; Head 23
metres of water column.
R.P.M.
- 1450
03.08.04
One fan driven by electric motor

for exhausting the oil vapours
from the oil tank. Electric Motor
Rating0.8 K.W./ 415v/50c/sec.
Speed 1400 rpm.
Lubricating
A.C. Motor:
Rating
9 K.W./415v/50c/sec,
Np =- 6 KW. 1465
rpm.
Speed
D.C. Motor :
Rating 8.5 K.W./220 v, D.C.
Speed
1465 rpm,
75
03.08.08
Seven Numbers of oil pumps for

lifting of the rotors by means of
pressure oil during the start of
rotation of rotors by turning
gear:
(a) Three pumps :
Output Pressure 25 1/mt.
(b) Two duplex
pumps :
Output
Pressure
2 x 25 1/mt.
50 atg.
(c) Electric motor :

Rating
30K.W./415V/
50 c/s.
1465 rpm.
Speed
03.08.09
ONE LEAKAGE / auxiliary oil
pump for repumping of oil
from the collecting auxiliary oil
tank to the main oil tank :
28
Pump : Output
1/m 2
Pressure
Electric Motor :
Rating 0.75 H.P./415 v/50c/s.
Speed
1440 rpm.
03.08.10
Condensate pump (150 C JNV/6)
3 Nos.
76
Quantity
2660 1/m.
Head 215 metres of water
column.
Speed
-- 1450 rpm.
Np
142 K.W.
Temperature of working medium
40C.
Squirrel cage induction motor :
Rated capacity 175 K.W./6600v/
50 cps.
03.08.11
Condensate booster pump
(100CJH/7)-2 Nos.
Quantity
1150 1/m.
Head 153 metres of water
column.
Speed
1475 rpm.
Np
~~ 43 K.W.
Temperature
120C
Squirrel cage induction Motor :
Rated capacity of Motor:
55 K.W./415 v/3^/50 cps.
03.08.12
Boiler feed pump (200 KHI)
2 Nos.
Each for 100% output. Quantity
8180 I/minute.
~ 450t/hr
Head
1960 metres of
water column.
Speed
4500 rpm.
Np
3140 KW.
Temperature 158C.
Pressure at delivery 185.7 atg.

Squirrel cage induction motor :
Capacity 3500 K.W/6600v/
50 cps.
03.08.13
Two low pressure heaters of the
1st stage hearingVertical Design:
Each of area
80 Sq.m. on
steam side.
Number of ' U ' tubes 242.
Size
15/13 mm.
Resistance on water side at a flow
of 272.143 t/hr 10.1 m.w.cl.
Test pressure on waterside
42 atg.
03.08.14
Two low pressure heaters of the
Hnd stage heating Vertical
Design :
Each of area on steam side

80 sq.m.
Number of' U ' tubes 242
Size
15/13 mm.
Resistance on water side at a
flow of 272.143 t/hr.
10.1 rn.w. cl.
Test pressure on water side
42 atg.
03.08.15
One chimney steam condenser
Vertical Design :
Area on steam side 30 sq.m.

Quantity of steam for condens
ing
900v kg/hr.
Number of ' U' Tubes 121
Size
15/13 mm.
Resistance on water side at a
flow of 272.143 t/hr is about
3.3 m.w.cl.
Designed pressure on steam side
1 atg.
Designed pressure on water side
28 atg.
Test pressure on steam side with
water
3 atg.
42 atg.
03.08.16
One gland steam condenser
Vertical Design :
Area
80 sq.m.
Quantity of steam for condensing
3800v/kg/hr.
Number of ' U' tubes 256
Size
15/13 mm.
of 273.143 t/hr is about
4.74 m.w.cl.
Safety valve on steam side is set
at
6 atg.
42 atg.
water
9 atg.
77
03.08.17
Low pressure heaters (IIIrd
stage, IVth stage and Vth
stage of) heating Vertical
Design :
Each :
Number of 'U' tubes 710
Size
15/13 mmResistance on water side at a flow
of 308.469 t/hr. is about
6.36 m.w.cl.
Safety valve setting pressure on
steam side
6 atg.
The test pressure on water side
42 atg.
The test pressure on steam side
with water
9 atg.
Size of tubes
25/15 mm.
of 361.5 t/hr. in spiral tubes
16 m.w.cl.
of 60 t/hr. in ' W tubes
16 m.w.cl.
Setting pressure for safety valve
on steam side
20 atg.
450 atg.
water
30 atg.
03.08.20
One high pressure heater of
VHIth stage heating Vertical
Design :
03.08.18
One condensate expander at
the pressure level of IIId
stage heating :
Safety valve setting pressure
6 atg.
Test pressure with water 9 atg.
03.08.19
One high pressure heater
Vllth stage heating Vertical
Design :
Number of spiral steel tubes
240
78

Number of spiral shape steel
tubes
240
Size
25/15 mm.
of 361.5 t/hr. in spiral tubes.
16 m.w.cl.
of 60 t/hr. in 'W T ubes
16 m.w.cl.
Setting pressure for safety valve
on steam side
40 atg.
450 atg.
water
60 atg.
03.09,00
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT
IN CONDENSATION AND
REGENERATIVE SYSTEM
03.09.01
CONDENSERS:
The surface condensers are supported on springs which take up
the weight of the condenser, and
the weight of one half of the
cooling water in the condenser.
The condensers are firmly connected with the exhaust branches
on the LP casing. Through the
inlet steam branches each condenser, on the water side is vertically
divided, into two independent
double path circuits which enables
the cleaning of water space of the
condensers in stages, during the
operation of the turboset at
reduced outputs as per diagram
RC-0050. If the cleaning takes
place during operation, one half
of both the condensers which are
on the common cooling water
circuit, should be put out of
operation.
After closing the valve on the
inlet of cooling water to the
respective halves of the condenser,
and after closing the respective
deaerating valves of the steam
space, the water from these halves
which are put out of operation
are drained simultaneously. The
water chambers are separated
from the steam space by means
of the tube end plates, which are
painted with two coats of APCODUR 66 Black on the water side,
after the completion of the roller
expansion of cooling water tubes.
If there is a leakage in the tube
end plate, the leaking water is

arrested in the narrow space
separated from the main steam
space, by the intercepting tube
plates located very near to the
tube end plates. From this
space, condensate of about 500
kg/hr from each condenser is
continuously drained off into the
impure condensate tank, which is
at the condenser pressure. The
samples of the impure condensate can be drawn by the sample
collecting vessel, which has valves
for connecting to the vacuum and
to the atmosphere. On the common piping, for draining off the
impure condensate to the impure
condensate tank, a measurement
of conductivity of range 015
micro mhos/cm is mounted. In
case the impure condensate tank
has not been envisaged and not
been provided, this additional
facility of draining away the
cooling water leakage through
the non-tightness of the tubes of
the condenser will not be available, and there is no necessity to
provide the intercepting tube
plates. Also the sample collecting drains are blinded.
On the steam side, both the condensers are inter-connected by
a balancing piping connecting the
super structures of the condensers by which the pressure in
both the condensers are equalised.
On the shell of the condenser
near the rear tube end plate, an
expansion bellow is provided to
79
compensate the relative thermal

expansion of the condenser tubes
and shell.
The inner surface of the water
chambers is painted with two
protective coats of interior boiler
paint F6194, against corrosion.
The inner surface of the steam
space is painted with one coat
of wash-primer, and one coat of
APCODUR 22 AD Grey. The
spoiled paint work must be
repaired with the same coats of
paint as stated above.
The steam space of each condenser is divided transversely into
5 parts by 4 support plates,
which have slightly higher
size holes for cooling tubes.
However these support plates are
fixed to the shell of the condenser
in such a way that the tubes are
supported by them, thus preventing the vibration of the tubes.
The bottom part of the steam
space of the condenser, is divided
by longitudinal partitions into 10
sections. The branches for the
sensing elements of the permanent
condensate conductivity measurement system are built-in and
blinded in each section. The
condensate from individual sections spills over from each section
into a common longitudinal collector (hot well) and is deaerated.
From the hot well, the condensate
is then led to the suction of the
condensate pumps. The two
80
sections near the intercepting tube

plates ate provided with facilities to drain the impure condensate of about 3.5 t hr. from each
section, to the impure condensate
tank in case of defect of any of
the tubes. These facilities however will not be available, if the
impure condensate tank is not
provided. In case a higher conductivity is noted at the suction
of the condensate pumps, by
opening these branches individually one after the other, the exact
place of leakage is located, and
then this section is continuously
drained off to the impure condensate tank. (When the valve for
draining the condensate to the
impure condensate tank is opened
at the defective section the level
in that will fall below the level of
spill-over, and the conductivity
at the suction of the condensate
pumps will also drop down to the
normal value). The loss of condensate has to be then continuously made up by admitting the
chemically treated water. In the
case of the inner six sections,
there is no possibility for draining
off the condensate, and it is
assumed that in case of heavy
leakage, leading to an impure
condensate in the 6 sections, the
turboset will be stopped to remove
the leakage.
The instrument for continuous
measurement of the conductivity of condensate (with a range
of 0-10 micro mhos cm.), is mounted in the condensate piping from

each of the two hot wells to the
condensate pumps. The increase
of conductivity to 3 micro mhos
cm. is signalled. The conductivity and the levels in the hot well
and in the feed water tank must
be followed carefully and if necessary, the make up water is added
by the automatic regulation in
the incoming demineralised water
line. The regulating valve is
controlled by the impulse from
the level of condensate in the
feed water tank. The steam air
mixture is sucked off from both
the sides of the condenser (across
the isolated set of cooling tubes
in the condenser) by the steam jet
air ejectors.
After the erection of condenser
at the site, and during the repairs
of the condenser, the pressure
test on the water side is performed
at a pressure of 3.5 atg. The
steam side is tested, by draining
off the cooling water space
completely and by filling up the
steam space with water. In the
case of the latter test, the condenser must be solidly supported by
the packing plates, so that the
increase in weight is not taken up
by the springs and undue strain
does not fall on the LP casing
All the fittings in the vacuum
side are provided with gland
sealing of the spindles by conden-
sate from the delivery of the

condensate pumps. For the quick
destroyal of vacuum during the
s to p p in g o f th e tu r b o s e t s o
as to avoid the unnecessary
cooling of the turboset by the
chilled gland steam resulting by
expansion due to the vacuum
condition, a branch with an
electrical valve is provided on
the air piping from the condenser
to the ejectors, with which it is
possible to suck the air into the
condenser from the atmosphere.
The electrical valve is provided
with a water seal so that its
perfect tightness is ensured during
normal operation of the turboset.
The rear water chambers are
deaerated to the atmosphere
through a valve.
The tightness of the entire vacuum
system of the turboset can be
tested during operation by temporarily closing the valve on the
air line before the ejectors.
The steam space can be assumed
to be tight, in case, when, at the
rated load of the turbine, the
average fall of the vacuum (starting from the second minute
after the closing of air valve)
is less than 3 mm of Hg per
minute. The condenser and the
whole vacuum system of the
turboset is safeguarded against
the inner over pressure by the
explosion membrances, located
on the top half of the exhaust hood
of the LP casing of the turbine.
81
03.09.02
STARTING EJECTOR AND

THE MAIN EJECTOR
Starting Ejector:
This serves for the quick evacuation of the turboset during
starling. It consists of the steam
chambers from which the steam
is led through the nozzle into the
mixing chamber, to which is
connected the mixing nozzle with
the diffuser. The working steam
led into the ejector through the
steam chamber flows through
the steam nozzle attaining a
high velocity. This creates a.
vacuum in the mixing chamber
and the air sucked from the
condenser to the mixing chamber
entrapping it in the flow of steam,
and is led through the mixing
nozzle and through a diffuser,
into the exhaust and to the
atmosphere.
The starting ejector is provided
with a pressure gauge for the
measurement of steam pressure
in the steam chamber ; and a
vacuum gauge for the measurement of vacuum in the mixing
chamber.
STEAM JET AIR EJECTOR
:
This ejector sucks off the steam
air mixture from the condenser
during operation because of the
leakage in the flange connections
by defective sealing of glands.
The ejector works with the superheated steam, and the condensate
pumped by the condensate pump

serves as the cooling medium.
The ejector is of a two-stage
duplex type, provided with two
first stage ejectors and two second
stage ejectors, which are placed
on the common body shell. The
body consists of a shell welded
from plates, which is divided
with partition walls into two
independent parts, and each part
is further divided into the top
(inter-condenser) and bottom
(after condenser). The tube
plates into which the tubes are
roller expanded are welded at
the ends of the shell.
At the bottom of a shell, a
float type steam trap is welded on,
for maintaining the level in the
steam space of the after condenser. The ejector rests on the
foundation by meas of the foot
plates welded on to the bottom
part of the shell.
The water chambers are bolted
on to the tube plates. Front water
chamber is provided with the
flange connections for the inlet
and outlet of cooling condensate.
Thermowells are provided for the
measurement of temperature of :
(1) Steam space of Inter-con
denser.
(2) Condensate inlet and outlet.
83
Dcaerating valves are provided

at the highest point of water
chamber to deaerate the water
chamber now and then during
operation.
ing, the steam is taken from

starting steam mains. The steam
jet air ejector is provided with
the necessary measuring instruments for its reliable operation.
For the full output, one half of

the ejector, is enough and the
second half serves as a reserve.
03.09.03
The working steam is admitted,

both into the first and second
stage. The steam air mixture
from the main condenser is sucked
into the first stage and along with
the working steam of 1 stage
is exhausted into the intercondenser where the major portion of steam condenses. The
condensate of this steam is led
to the condenser through a siphon
from the bottom part of the
inter condenser. The non-condensed steam and air from the
inter condenser is then sucked
off by second stage and, along
with its working steam is exhausted into the after-condenser.
Similarly, the steam condenses
in th e a f te r -c o n d e n s e r a n d
the air is exhausted into the
atmosphere. The condensate is
drained by the float type steam
trap into the main condenser.
The working steam for the starting ejector and the steam jet
air ejector is taken from the
reduction station. During start84
PUMPS IN THE CONDENSATION AND REGENERATION

SYSTEMS :
The detailed description and the

instructions for the operation
of the various pumps and their
driving motors pertaining to the
auxiliaries of the turboset is
supplied seperately. Before operating any one of the pumps,
it is necessary to ensure sufficient
flooding of the suction of the
pump, by ensuring the proper
level in the suction sump or in
the collector, so that the impellers are safely submerged and do
not suck in air or steam. The
space of water chamber of the
pumps must be clean, and the
water must be free from impurities, which will initiate corrosion or sedimentation, and
incidental clogging up of the
suction of the pump. The lubrication of the pumps and the
motors is to be carried out as
per the lubrication chart furnished
with each of them. The connection of water for cooling and
scaling is given in the Auxiliary

C. W. Scheme and before operating the pump, the respective
valves on the incoming water
lines must be kept open. The
glands are adjusted so that during
operation, a small quantity of
water flows through and keeps
them cooled. Oil or grease in,
the individual bearings must be
regularly topped up or changed,
the temperature of the bearings
is to be checked, and the maximum permissible values are given
in the respective instructions.
Excessive filling up of bearings
with grease is equally bad and
gives rise to an increase of temperature as in the case of insufficient lubrication.
The driving motors are mostly of
the surface cooling type and it
is necessary to keep the surface
of the stator, as well as the grill
on the cover of the ventilator
clean, for the entry of cooling air,
so that the temperature rise as
given by the instructions is not
exceeded. The motor must be
put into operation only with
enough insulation resistance of
the windings, which must be
inspected before starting after a
long period of shut-down, incidently, even after a short term
shut-down, if the motor is working
in humid conditions. In case

of improper insulation resistance,
it is necessary to dry the motor as
per the instructions of the manufacturer.
During starting and operation of
the pumps the delivery must be
regulated in such a way that the
current loading of the motors does
not exceed the values given on
the name plate. It is necessary
to adhere to the instructions
of the manufacturer of the motors,
with respect to the permitted
number of starlings repeated
during one hour. The procedure
of manipulation of the valves
in the respective circuits of the
individual pumps is given in the
section " Bringing the turboset
into operation." The pumps
which have 100% reserve must
be operated alternatively at one
week intervals.
85
03.09.04
COOLING WATER CIRCUIT
The cooling water is supplied

from the pumping station. The
cooling water is supplied to the
entire system from a cooling
water supply duel. A major
portion of the cooling water is
supplied to the condenser. Four
valves are mounted on the outlet
of the condenser for putting out of
operation the individual halves of
the condenser for tube cleaning,
during operation.
Part of the cooling water is
supplied to the oil coolers, coolers
for the sealing oil and to the
condensate coolers if condensate
is used for cooling of Hydrogen
coolers. For the cooling of the
auxiliary equipments, cooling
water from a separate cooling
water circuit is used. The water
is supplied by booster pumps.
87
03.09.05
LEVEL CONTROLLER IN THE

CONDENSER (DESCRIPTION)
LEVEL CONTROLLER IN
THE CONDENSER
(0-10-1016-S) :
The level controller maintains an
approximately constant condensate level in the hot well during
the running of the turboset, and
thus maintains a practically constant suction head for the condensate pumps. Its construction and
location ensures the flow of
minimum required quantity of
condensate for the cooling of
steam jet air ejectors. It is
located on the common delivery
piping of the condensate pumps,
and the float chamber of the
controller (6) is connected at its
bottom part with the hot well
and at its top with the steam
space of the condenser, so that
the level in the float chamber
corresponds to the level in the
condenser hot well.
The float with the lever (8)
follows the level of the condensate in the floatchamber. The gear
segments (3) and (5) are used as a
transfer mechanism between the
level of condensate and the
position of the regulating slide
(4). so as to ensure minimum
friction and the prevention of
insensitivity. The changes in the

level are mechanically transferred
at the given proportion as the
changes in the position of the
cons (11) which is positioned
against the end of the piston (17)
of the regulating slide (4). The
pressure water taken from the
incoming piping through a filter,
is led through the pipe union (52)
into the amplifier provided at
the bottom portion of the slide
(4). On the top surface of the
amplifier, the full pressure of
the water is acting and, to the
bottom surface, the water is
admitted through an orifice
3 (28). Because of a change of
position of the cone (11), there
is a change in the pressure of
water below the piston and due
to that, there is a change in the
position of the slide (4). Each
particular position of the float
corresponds to a particular position of the slide. Minimum level
corresponds to the highest position of the slide and vice versa.
The main flow part consists of a
casing with three ways along with
a regulating bush (2). The regulating slide (4) which has at its
bottom portion, the amplifying
piston opens the respective ports,
89
as per the level in the float

chamber, and incidentally in the
hot well, either to the regenerative
system or for recirculation back
to the condenser. The flow
sections are profiled in such a way
as to have a linear relationship
between the level and the flow
quantity. At the minimum level,
the ports for recirculation are
fully open, and the ports for the
regeneration are fully closed.
With the increase of level at
higher loads of the turboset, the
ports for recirculation, start closing and the ports for regeneration
start to open admitting the condensate to the heaters. On
further rise of level, the recirculation will be completely closed
and the entire condensate is sent
towards the heaters. All the
piping connected to the controller
is provided with valves, so that
the controller can be isolated
and inspected even during the
operation of turboset, and the
level can be regulated by the bypass valves in the respective
piping either to the heaters or to
the condenser. The height of
the level in the hot well is indicated by the differential pressure
transmitter which gives the impulse .through an electric indica-
90
tor at the block control room.

The attainment of the maximum
permissible level is signalled both
acoustically and optically.
03.10.00
REGENERATIVE SYSTEM
The condensate and feed water

are heated in 8 stages by the nonregulated extractions from the
turbine, comprising of 5 low
pressure heaters, a deaerator
and two high pressure heaters.
In addition to this, the entire
condensate flows through the
steam jet air ejectors, gland steam
condenser and part of condensate
through chimney steam condenser. The first and second stage
of regenerative heating is done by
two, double low pressure heaters
which are mounted directly in the
low pressure casing of the turbine
with a common by-pass on the
condensate line. In between the
II and III stages of heating the
chimney steam condenser and
gland steam condenser are located
and have a common by-pass on
the condensate side.
3rd, 4th and 5th low pressure
heaters form the individual stages
of heating. The third and fourth
heaters have a common by-pass
on the water side and the fifth
heater has an independent bypass. The deaerator along with
the feed water tank forms the
next stage of heating, heated by
the steam from the VI extraction. The condensate cycle is
protected from any abnormal
rise of pressure by relief safety
valves located in the piping before
I and II LPH, after the gland
steam condenser and before HI
LPH and after V LPH. All the

valves are set for opening at a
pressure of 28 atg.
The high pressure heaters are
located in the feed water cycle
between the feed water pump and
the boiler, and are heated by
steam from the seventh and eight
extractions. The 8th extraction
steam is taken from the cold
reheat line. The circuit of feed
water is protected against any
abnormal rise of pressure by a
relief safety valve located in the
piping before I HPH, and is set
to open at a pressure of 300 atg.
The condensate from the hot
well of the condenser is pumped
by condensate pumps through
the ejector, all the LP heaters,
gland steam and chimney steam
condensers, into the feed water
tank. At the full output, two
condensate pumps are enough,
and the third serves as a
50% reserve with provision for
switching on in case of a failure
of any one of the operating condensate pumps. At lower loads,
one pump is enough for pumping
the condensate. The second one
is kept ready for starting, at the
increase of the pumped quantity
to 180 t/hr. Signalisation is provided, for a quick checking of
pump in operation.
91
03.10.01
CYCLE OF 1ST AND 2ND STAGE

HEATING (LPH)
The I and II stage heaters are of

two twin tube nests, each mounted
on to the LP casing of the turbine.
These heaters on either branch
have a common by-pass on the
water side, so that, in case, any of
the heaters on one side must be
put out of operation, then that
one half is put out of operation,
and on the other side both the
heaters can be in operation.
Heating condensate from the II
stage heater is led through a
siphon to the I stage and from
there, through another siphon,
is taken to the mixing chamber
at the suction of the condensate
pump.
On exceeding the first level of
condensate in any one of the
heaters, level signalisers give
impulses for optical and acoustical signalisation. On attaining
the faulty maximum level, the
second level signaliser give the
impulse for tripping the turboset
and also for optical and acoustic
signalisation. The stopping of
the turboset by the impulse from
second level signaliser can be
avoided by opening the by-pass
on the main condensate and by
closing the inlet and outlet of the
main condensate to that half of
the heaters where the signalisation
of level rise has occured. The
cause of the level rise is checked

at the next stoppage of the turboset, by admitting the condensate
into the heating tube bundle, and
checking the condensate level in
the steam space of the heater.
If leakage of tube bundle is
noticed, it has to be attended to.
The non-condensing gases in the
steam space are continuously
sucked off into the condenser
through an orifice.
03.10.02
CYCLE OF GLAND STEAM
AND
CHIMNEY
STEAM
CONDENSER
The stages of heating in gland
steam and chimney steam condensers are given in the section
about gland steam system (03.04.
00).
93
03.10.03
CYCLE OF 3RD STAGE HEATING

(LPH) AND EXPANDER OF
WORKING CONDENSATE
(c) The III LP heater has on

the water side a common
by-pass with IV LPH. In
case of a breakdown of any
one of the heaters, both must
be put out of operation.
During this condition, the
condensate is led by the bypass to the V LPH. The condensate is heated by steam
from the III extraction of the
turbine. In the extract! on piping there is an electrically
operated valve and a nonreturn valve for preventing
theback flow of steam to the
turbine. The valve with electric drive is operated by the
impulse from the maximum
level in the III and IV LPH.
The extraction piping is
likewise connected through
an electrical valve to the
expander of working condensate.
Both the valves, which are on the
extraction piping, and in the
piping from expander of working
condensate to the III LPH, are
provided with limit switches by
which the closed position of the
valves are signalled. Sucking off
of the air and the non-condensing
gases from the steam space of III
LPH takes place continuously
through an orifice and a valve to
the condenser. The valve during
normal operation is kept open.
The condensate of the heating
steam from the III LPH is led,
along with the condensate from
the expander of working condensate to the suction of condensate booster pumps. The heating
steam condensate from the V and
IV extractions are cascaded in
stages to the III LPH.
The III LPH is provided with
two independent level signalisers.
At a non-permissible rise of level
in the III LPH, the following
impulses are given :
(1) To close the valve in the III
extraction piping to heat up
the III LPH ;
(2) To close the valve on the in
coming heating steam to IV
LPH ;
(3) To close the valve on the
inter-connection
between
the III extraction and ex
pander of working conden
sate ;
(4) To close the non-return
quick closing valve in the
IV extraction piping.
(5) Optical and acoustic signal.
By the above, III and IV LPH
are put out of operation on the
steam side. It is therefore neces
sary to manually open the by-pass
of the heater on the water side,
and afterwards to close the valves
on the inlet to III LPH and
on the outlet of IV LPH, and
then to close the valve on the
evacuation of air to the
condenser. Furthermore, to
open the valve on the draining
of condensate of heating
steam from V LPH
95
direct to the expander of heating

condensate, and to close the valve
in the heater drain from V heater
to IV heater. Likewise to close
the valve in the heater drain from
III LPH to the suction of
condensate booster pumps.
(b) The expander at the level of
III LPH :
The expander, during normal
operation, is at a pressure equal
to that of III LPH. The
expander mainly serves to collect
the condensate of heating steam
from 111, IV and V LPHS and at
certain times even from 1st HPH
and, to release steam from these
condensate on to a pressure equal
to that of III LPH. During
normal operation, the condensate
of heating steam always cascades
from the higher stage to the lower
stage. In case, III and IV LPHS
are out of operation, the condensate from V LPH is led directly
to the expander. Similarly, condensate of heating steam from
HPH can be led directly to the
expander, in case V LPH is out
of operation.
The released steam is led to the
piping of III extraction before the
III LPH. The piping of release
steam from the expander is also
connected across a membrane
relief valve to the condenser in
case of any non-permissible rise
of pressure in the expander. The
96
over pressure for the opening of

the relief valve is about 1.5 ata.
The condensate from the expander is led, along with the condensate of the III LPH to the
suction of the condensate booster
pumps, which
pump
the
condensate
to
the
main
condensate circuit before the III
LPH. For full output, one
condensate booster pump is
enough and the second serves as
a 100% stand by which takes
over automatically, in case of a
failure of the first. Regulation
of the level in the expander,
and also in III LPH is done
by the level controller, which
is operated by the differential
pressure transmitter through an
electronic regulator on the servomotor at the level controller. The
level controller is mounted on
the delivery piping of the
condensate booster pump. Condensate of the heating steam
is led to the circuit of main
condensate before, III LPH or
at the low level, and recirculated
back to the expander by which
the minimum required quantity
for the pump operation is ensured.
The condensate from the booster
pump is diverted through the
piston and the bush either to the
circuit of main condensate or
back to the expander.
At higher levels, the piston opens
the ports in the bush to allow the
condensate into the main condensate circuit. At the fall of the
level, the delivery of condensate

is throttled upto the minimum
level and after that, the ports on
the bush are opened for recirculation back to the expander.
At the minimum level, the ports
for allowing condensate to the
main condensate cycle are fully
closed and all the condensate
of the heating steam is recirculated back to the expander.
The equalising piping for draining
of condensate is connected in the
space above the piston.
In case of the faulty working of
level controller, it is possible to
manually regulate the admission
of condensate before III LPH or
the re-circulation back to the expander. At the minimum level in
the expander, the level signalisers
mounted on it give the impulse
for stopping the booster pump
in operation, along with the
interlocking impulse for the standby pump. At the level increase
above the minimum level, impulse is given by the second level
signaliser for the starting of the
booster pump. The running and
the switching off of any of the
booster pumps is signalled.
Working range of the regulated
level is maintained by the level
regulator, operated by the differential pressure transmitter
through an electronic regulator at
the servomotor. The maximum
opening of the level regulator is
signalled by a limit switch on
the servomotor. At a non-per-
missible level rise in the expander, a double impulse is given by

means of two independent level
signalisers for the following :
(1) To stop the working booster
pump along with the simul
taneous interlocking for the
standby pump ;
(2) To open the valve on the
drain of condensate of heat
ing steam from the expander
directly to the condenser ;
(3) To close the valve in the
piping of released steam from
the expander to the III
extraction ;
(4) Optical and acoustic signalisation.
After the emptying of the expander into the condenser, the starting of the working booster pump
does not occur. For a new,
automatic starting of the booster
pump the valve on the draining
of condensate from the expander
to the condenser must be closed
manually and the valve on the
released steam line from the
expander to III extraction must
be opened manually. By the
manual closing or opening the
automatics are switched off, and
the closing or opening of the
valves is done by operating the
servomotor from the floor or
from the block control room.
97
03.10.04
CYCLE OF IV STAGEHEATING
IV LPH is heated by the steam

from the IV extraction, and on the
water side it has a common
by-pass with the III LPH.
For safeguarding the turbine
against the back flow of steam,
a non-return quick closing extraction valve is provided on the
fourth extraction near the turbine,
and an electrically driven valve
before the heater.
Both the valves, in case of
necessity close automatically. The
deaeration of the steam space
of IV LPH is done continuously
through an orifice to the steam
space of III LPH. The condensate of heating steam from IV
LPH cascades to III LPH. The
draining of condensate is regulated by the electrical regulating
valve which gets the impulse
from the differential pressure
transmitter through an electric
regulator. In case of a fault
with regulation system, it is
possible to regulate the draining
of condensate by hand control,
with the valves on the by-pass
of regulating valve. The maximum opening of the regulating
valve is optically signalled by
a limit switch at the servomotor
of the valve. On a nonpermissible level rise in the
heater, the level regulators by
means of two independent level

signalisers, give a double impulse
for stopping the IH and IV LPH,
including the expander on the
steam side.
That is
(1) to close the valve on the
incoming steam line to III
LPH and IV LPH :
(2) to close the non-return,
quick-closing valve in the IV
extraction piping ;
(3) to close the electrical valve
on the inter connection of the
expander and III extraction :
(4) Optical and acoustic signal
ling of the performed action.
Further manipulation for stopping III and IV LPH, and the
expander on the steam side, and
ensuring the draining of heating
steam condensate from the V
LPH is given in detail in the
previous article.
99
03.10.05
CYCLE OF V STAGE HEATING
The heater has on its water side,

an independent by-pass in case
it is necessary to put it out of
operation. During the normal
operation, the condensate is heated by steam from V extraction
of the turbine, as in case
of lower loads, and during
starting or at the fall-out of the
turboset on home consumption,
it is heated by the external
steam from the starting steam
mains (only if such provision is
made). The impulses for opening
or closing the electrical valve on
the in-coming external steam line is
given by two manostats mounted
on the V extraction piping before the non-return, quick-closing
extraction valve. On a fall of
pressure in V extraction below
2.75 ata the electrical valve on
the external heating opens to 50 %
and simultaneously, the electrical
valves and the non-return extraction valve on the V extraction
close. On a rise of pressure
of steam back to 3.0 ata in the
V extraction, the valve on external
heating line closes, and the
electrical valve and the nonreturn extraction valve on the V
extraction open. With the same
impulse the 3-way valve on the
gland steam is also operated
when the valve on the external
heating is open to V LPH,
which connects the sucking off

of gland steam to the condenser ;
and when the valve on the external heating is closed, it connects
back the gland steam to V
extraction. The change in the
position of the valve is signalled
at the fall out of generator.
Impulse is given for hundred
per cent opening of the electrical
valve on the external heating line
and to close the electrical valve
on the non-return extraction valve
on the V extraction.
The condensate of the heating
steam during normal operating
conditions, is drained off through
a regulating valve with electric
drive to the IV LPH. The
regulating valve is controlled by
the differential pressure transmitter through an electronic regulator. The maximum opening of
the regulating valve is optically
signalled from a limit switch.
In case of a defective functioning
of regulation of drain, it is
possible to manually regulate the
drain by the by-pass regulating
valve.
When the III and IV LPHs are
out of operation, it is necessary
to close the valve on the drain
of the heating condensate from
V LPH to IV LPH, and to open
101
the valve for draining the condensate directly to the expander.

The deaeration of the steam
space of the heater is done through
an orifice and a valve, to the
condenser continuously. The
valve which is provided on the
deaeration piping is kept open
during normal operation.
On low loads when the pressure
in the HPHs is low, so that the
condensate of heating steam cannot be pushed up to the feed
water tank, the condensate is led
to V LPH. On crossing the
upper limit of the regulating
range in the V LPH by 10 cm, an
impulse is given by level signalisers to open the electrical valve
in the drain of condensate of
heating steam from the HPH
directly to the expander, and
from the open position of the
electrical valve, an impulse is
given to close the electrical valve
in the drain of condensate of
heating steam from HP H to
V LPH. The closing of the valves
in the heating condensate drain
from HPH to V LPH and to the
expander is signalled. On u nonpermissible increase of level in
the V LPH, a double impulse
is given by two independent
level signalisers to
102
(1) close the electrical valve in

the incoming heating steam
line to V LPH ;
(2) close the non-return quick
closing valve on the V extrac
tion piping from the turbine ;
(3) close the valve on the piping
for heating V LPH by
an external source steam (in
case the external heating is
in operation);
(4) change-over the 3-way valve
for sucking off of the gland
steam to condenser directly ;
(5) optical and acoustic signal
of the above actions.
By this the V LPH is put out of
operation on the steam side.
After the putting out of operation
of the V LPH automatically,
it is necessary to open the valve
on the by-pass of main condensate, to close the valve on the
piping of the deaeration of heater
to condenser, and then to close
the valves on the condensate
side before and after the heaters.
03.10.06
CYCLE OF VI STAGE HEATING
The slearn from the sixth extraction of the turbine is used for
heating up the deaerator of the
feed water tank through a reduction station which maintains a
constant pressure of 6 ata. On
low loads, that is when the
pressure in V] extraction is not
enough, the steam is admitted
through a second reduction
station from the VI11 extraction
of the turbine.
The deaerator with the feed water

tank is not a part of supply of
turboset, so that its operation
and service is controlled by the
operating instructions of the
respective supplier and the operating instruction of the entire
block.
The level regulation in the feed

water tank consists of the automatic addition of de-mineralised
water to the condenser, in case
the level in the feed water tank
falls, and during the level rise
in the tank, the condensate from
the delivery of condensate pumps
is partially drained back to the demineralised water tanks.
At non-permissible level rise in
the feed water tank an impulse
is given to close the non-return,
quick closing valve which is
simultaneously signalled.
On the attainment of minimum
level in the feed water tank, an
impulse is given for stopping the
feed water pump which is also
signalled.
103
03,10.07
CYCLE OF VII STAGE HEATING
The first HPH is heated by steam

from the VII extraction of the turbine. On the water side the heater
has a common by-pass with the II
HPH, in case a fault with any
one of the HP heaters, arises,
in which case both have to be
put out of operation together.
The heating steam is admitted
at the lower part of the heaters
and flows through the space of
the desuperheater, and then on
to the condensing surface with
the spiral tubes. The condensate of heating steam from the
desuperheating space (which
forms only during start-up and
sudden variations in load) is
led through a siphon to the
bottom space of the heater, from
where all the condensate of
heating steam is drained to the
feed water tank. During low
loads, say about 65 MW, when
the pressure in the heater is not
sufficient to push up the condensate to the feed water tank, the
condensate is drained to the V
LPH. If the V LPH is out of
operation, the condensate is
drained is off directly to the
expander.
The regulation of the draining of
condensate takes place through
two regulating valves with electric
drive, operated by the differential
pressure transmitters with elect-
ronic regulator. In case of improper functioning of regulation

of drains, it is possible to manually
regulate the draining of condensate by the valves, on the by-pass
of the second regulating valve,
which drains the condensate to
VLPH. The first regulating valve
drains the condensate to the
feed water tank.
At the maximum full opening
of the first regulating valve, an
impulse is given through a limit
switch at its servomotor, to
open the second regulating valve
to drain the condensate of heating steam to the LP regenerative
system. Further, the valve on
the cascading of condensate to
V LPH is opened, and if this
is out of operation the valve for
draining the condensate directly
to the expander is opened automatically. All the actions, and
changes in the position of valves
and the regulating valves are
signalled.
In the case of condensate being
drained off to the LP regenerative
system, the regulating valve for
draining the condensate to the
feed water tank remains open,
and the non-return flap mounted
on this piping near the deaerator
ensures this branch against the
back flow of steam to the I HPH.
105
The maximum opening of regulating valve to the LP regenerative

system is signalled by the limit
switch at the servomotor.
On the attaining of a faulty level
of condensate in the heater, a
double impulse by two independent level signalisers, is given:
(1) to close the electrical valves
on the incoming heating
steam line to 1 and IF HPHs;
(2) to close the non-return, quick
closing valves on the seventh
and eigth extractions of the
turbine ;
(3) to open the electrical valve
on the by-pass of the feed
water line of I and II HPH;
(4) to close the electrical valves
on the inlet of feed water
to I HPH, and outlet of
feed water from II HPH;
(5) to open the electrical valve
on the emergency drain of
condensate of heating steam
from I and II HPH to the
HP drains flash tank;
(6) to give optical and acoustical
signals of the faulty level.
The electrical valves on the
incoming heating steam to I and
TI HPH get the impulse for
106
closing, likewise at the tripping

of the set from the grid, along
with quick closing extraction
valves. The steam space of the
I HPH is deaerated during normal
operation, continuously through
an orifice plate, a valve, and the
non-return flap to the expander
of working condensate at the
level of III extraction. For deaeration of the HP heaters, if they
are out of operation, the valves
on the branch of the deaerating
piping to the atmosphere is
utilised. The valve on the branch
between HPH and the expander
is closed then.
03.10.08
CYCLE OF VIII STAGE

HEATING
The second high pressure heater

is heated by steam from the VIII
extraction. On the water side the
heater has a Common bypass
with I HPH because of which,
in case of a fault in any one of
the HP heaters, it is necessary
to put out of operation both the
HP heaters.
The heating steam is admitted at
the bottom of the heater and
flows around the tube bundle
supplying superheat, on to the
main condensing area of spiral
tubes. The condensate from the
tube bundle for desuperheating
is led through a siphon to the
bottom space of the heater.
From this space, the condensate
of heating steam is drained from
the II HP H to I HP H. The
drain of heating steam condensate is regulated by the electrical
regulating valves, which are
operated by differential pressure
transmitters, through an electronic regulator.
the same as the one that happen

at the non-permisible level rise
of condensate in the I HPH which
has been given in detail in the
previous article.
The deaeration of the II HPH is
performed during manual operation continuously through an
orifice plate and a valve to the
I HPH. At the cutting off of
the HP Heaters from operation,
the valve on the deaeration piping
to the I HPH is closed, and the
deaeration is done by opening
the second valve in the branch
direct to the atmosphere.
On attaining the maximum nonpermissible level in the II HPH,

a double impulse by the two
independent level signalisers is
given, to put out of operation,
both the HP Heaters on the steam
side and water side, along with
optical and acoustical signalisation. All the other actions are
107
03.10.09
TESTING OF SIGNALISATION
AND PROTECTION SYSTEM OF
HEATERS
The non-permissible level rise

in the steam space of the heaters
and the expanders can have the
result of water entering the
turbine and creating a major
havoc. Therefore, maximum
attention is to be paid to al! the
protective instruments and electrical circuits at the heaters.
During operation when a signal
is given immediately, or the level
in the level gouge rises, which
does not correspond to the normal condition for the particular
loading of the machine, it is
necessary to check the respective
circuits (the position of the
corresponding valves on the
condensate side, as well as on the
deaeration, functioning of booster
pump) and as far as possible,
to maintain the level in the
normal heights by manual
operation of the by-pass of the
respective level regulator, or by
switching on the standby booster
pump till the defect is attended
to.
If it is ascertained that the
function of level regulator is
correct, and that the valve en the
by-pass also has to be opened
in addition for maintaining the
level at the normal height, it is
necessary to assume damage of
the heating tubes, and the respec-
tive circuit of condensate heating

must be put out of operation ;
firstly on the steam side, and
after ascertaining the leakage of
tube bundle, on the water side
also.
If the rise of level during operation is so fast, that the attainment of the maximum permissible level occurs earlier than
any attempt to reduce the level
could be made, the protection
at the heater puts the heaters out
of operation as follows :
(a) in case of HP heaters automatic isolation on the steam
side and water side;
(b) in case of III, IV and V LP
heaters; automatic isolation
on the steam side;
(c) in case of I and II LP heaters:
automatic isolation on the
steam side by tripping the
turboset;
(d) in case of chimney steam and
gland steam condenser, auto
matic isolation on the steam
side.
Isolation on the water side for all
low pressure heaters, gland and
chimney steam condensers have
to be done manually.
109
In such cases, it is necessary to

check and ensure the correct
position of fittings automatically
controlled by the protections, and
in case of LP heaters, the respective heater is put out of operation
on the water side also by opening
corresponding by-passes. Operation of the protections at the
increased level may be prevented
by regular checks of levels
in all the heaters, condensers
and expanders by the gauge
level glasses, and by manual
operation carried out in time.
Especially in the case of I and II
LP heaters it is desirable to put
the heaters out of operation on the
water side before the protection
acts, because the same would
cause the tripping of the turboset.
Before starting the turboset, each
time, it is necessary to carry out
the tests of all the signalling and
protective circuits step by step
in the regenerative system, by
artificially closing the appertaining electric circuit directly in the
primary apparatus. The entire
circuit, including the sensitive
element proper, must be tested
before the first starting of the
set, and before the starting takes
place after the overhaul, by
gradually filling the steam space
upto the respective levels with
110
the demineralised water (for e.g.

through the connection for the
safety valve).
This method cannot be applied
for LHP I and II, and therefore
the functioning of the built-in
level regulators is to be checked
by manually connecting their
contacts. The protections on the
regenerative system, except that
of I and II LPH, can be tested
even during operation at a reduced load of about 60 MW, by
slowly closing the respective fittings manually for the drain of
condensate from the heaters.
During these tests, it is necessary
to carefully follow the levels in
the individual heaters and the
proper functioning of the various
fittings regulated by the impulses
from the protections and their
signalisation. The method of
testing the individual protections
in the regenerative system
during operation is given under
" Survey of instruments which
give protection".

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110 MW Steam Turbine Manual

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OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS MANUAL

110 MW STEAM TURBINE

BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LTD.

Page No. Article No.

MAIN TECHNICAL DATA OFTURBOSETS ...

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF THE MAIN

MEASURING POINTS OF METAL TEMPERA

GLAND STEAM SYSTEM ...................................

SCHEME OF GLAND STEAM AND DRAIN

REGULATION OF H.P. GLAND STEAM

REGULATION OF L.P. GLAND STEAM

ROTORS, BEARINGS AND TURNING GEAR

MECHANICAL TURNING GEAR DESCRIPTION

WIRING DIAGRAM OF 110 MWTURNING

SCHEME OF OIL PIPING SYSTEMS 110 MW ...

OIL FILTER DESCRIPTION

REGULATION AND SAFETY EQUIPMENT

NON UNIFORMITY CHANGER

PRESURE LIMITER DRIVE .................................

H.P. QUICK CLOSING STOP AND GOVERNING

SERVOMOTOR OF H.P. QUICK STOP VALVE...

NON RETURN VALVE

TESTER OF EMERGENCY GOVERNOR

MAGNETIC RELAY( DESCRIPTION )

SENSING DEVICE FOR ROTORS EXETENSION FRONT .

APPERATUS FOR MEASURING THE VIB

Page No, Article No. Drawing No.

CONDENSER VACUUM CURVES 110 MW...

CYCLE OF VII STAGE HEATING ...

These operating instructions have

acquainted, not only with the

H.P. cylinder - 2 row curtis

Wt. of HP rotor approx. 5,500kg.

Rated output measured at the

M.P. cylinder12 moving wheels.

Economical output 95,000 kw

Wt. of MP roto r app ro x.! 1,000 kg'

Wt.of LP rotor approx. 24;()0()kg.

Rated pressure of steam just

Direction of the turbine rotationto the right, when looking at the

Max. pressure of steam before

For oil system of

Rated temp, of steam before the

Consumption of make-up oil for

which remain closed up to the

In each of the cold reheat lines a

of the outer parts are connected

electromagnetic indicator of the

electrical healing elements, so

is reduced, and hence the deformation of the casing and the

would increase the stress on the

The connection scheme is given

GLAND STEAM SYSTEM

The connections of the system

tion point). Then the heating

In the system of gland steam

pressure gauge of range 02000

the main condensate can

chimney steam condenser is

the chimney is exhausted directly

ROTORS, BEARINGS AND

During the running up of the set

salting of the turbine or ingress