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Exercise 1.3
(This is a wonderful exercise where you can manipulate the first answer to do all
other questions. So study the first question answer and answer all other
questions!- JJ )
1. Answer

Let us assume that 5 is as rational number.

5 = , where and are two co prime number and 0.

Multiplying both sides by , we get

b5 = a

Squaring both sides, we get

5b2 = a2 (i)

Therefore, 5 is a factor of a2 and according to theorem of rational number, 5 is

a factor of a also.
= 5
Substituting the value of a in equation (i) we get
5b2 = (5c)2
5b2 = 25c2
Dividing both sides by 5, we get
b = 5c2
Shows that, 5 is a factor of and we have already proved that 5 is a factor of a.
This contradicts the fact that a and b are co-primes.

This contradiction is because of our wrong assumption that 5 is a rational

number, therefore 5 is irrational.

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2. Answer

We can use the above answer here by playing a small trick.

Let us assume 3 + 25 is a rational number.
3 + 25 =

Simplifying we get

(3)

, where and are two co prime number and 0.

2
Multiplying both sides by , we get
b5 = a
Squaring both sides, we get
5b2 = a2 (i)
5 =

Therefore, 5 is a factor of a2 and according to theorem of rational number, 5 is

a factor of a also.
= 5
Substituting the value of a in equation (i) we get
5b2 = (5c)2
5b2 = 25c2
Dividing both sides by 5, we get
b = 5c2
Shows that, 5 is a factor of and we have already proved that 5 is a factor of
a. This contradicts the fact that a and b are co-primes.

This contradiction is because of our wrong assumption that 5 is a rational

number, therefore 5 and 3 + 25 are irrational.

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3.Answer
i)

Let us assume that

is as rational number.

Simplifying we get
2 =

= where and are two co prime number and 0.

Multiplying both sides by , we get

b2 = a

Squaring both sides, we get

2b2 = a2 (i)

Therefore, 2 is a factor of a2 and according to theorem of rational number, 2 is

a factor of a also.
= 5
Substituting the value of a in equation (i), we get
2b2 = (2c)2
2b2 = 4c2
Dividing both sides by 2, we get
b = 2c2
2 is a factor of and we have already proved that 2 is a factor of a. This
contradicts the fact that a and b are co-primes.

This contradiction is because of our wrong assumption that 2 is a rational

number, therefore 2 and

are irrationals.

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ii) Let us assume that 75 is as rational number.
75 =

Simplifying we get
5 =

= where and are two co prime number and 0.

Multiplying both sides by , we get

b5 = a

Squaring on both sides, we get

5b2 = a2 (i)

Therefore, 5 is a factor of a2 and according to theorem of rational number, 5 is

a factor of a also.
= 5

Substituting the value of a in equation (i), we get

5b2 = (5c)2

5b2 = 25c2

Dividing both sides by 5, we get

b = 5c2
5 is a factor of and we have already proved that 5 is a factor of a. This
contradicts the fact that a and b are co-primes.

This contradiction is because of our wrong assumption that 5 is a rational

number, therefore 5 and 75 are irrationals.

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(iii) Let us assume that 6 + 2 is a rational number.
6 + 2 =

Simplifying we get
2 =

where and are two co prime number and 0.

Multiplying both sides by , we get

b2 = a

Squaring both sides, we get

2b2 = a2 (i)

Therefore, 2 is a factor of a2 and according to theorem of rational number, 2 is

a factor of a also.
= 5

Substituting the value of a in equation (i), we get

2b2 = (2c)2

2b2 = 4c2

Dividing both sides by 2, we get

b = 2c2

2 is a factor of and we have already proved that 2 is a factor of a. This

contradicts the fact that a and b are co-primes.

This contradiction is because of our wrong assumption that 2 is a rational

number, therefore 2 and 6 + 2 are irrationals.