Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Anatomy and Physiology of Digestive System
Anatomy and Physiology of Digestive System
OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Digestive System
Function
Acquires nutrients from environment
Anabolism
Uses raw materials to synthesize essential
compounds
Catabolism
Decomposes substances to provide energy
Mechanical
Processing
Crushing / Shearing
Digestion
Chemical breakdown
Absorption
Movement of organic
substrates, electrolytes,
vitamins & water across
digestive epithelium
Excretion
Removal of waste
Mouth
Soft Palate
Posterior Roof
Uvula
Projection of soft
palate
Lingiuinal Frenulum
Attaches tongue to
mouth floor
Hard Palate
Anterior roof
Pharynx
Passageway for food and air
Esophagus
Tube carries food to stomach
Peristalsis
Muscle contractions that move the food
Stomach
Cardioesophageal
Sphincter
Opening at top of stomach
Gastric Juice
Stomach acid
Chyme
Substance left after
stomach digestion
Pyloric Sphincter
Opening at bottom of
stomach leads to
intestines
Salivary Glands
Parotid glands- near
ears in mouth
Submandibular and
sublingual glands
Produce saliva under
tongue
Saliva
Moistens food
Helps start startch
digestion
Teeth
Deciduous teeth
Baby teeth
Incisors- cut food
Canines- tear and
pierce food
Molars- grinding
intestine
Helps breakdown
lipids
Gall bladder stores
bile
Pancreas
Produces enzymes
Large Intestine
Is horseshoe shaped
Extends from end of ileum to anus
Lies inferior to stomach and liver
Frames the small intestine
Also called large bowel
Is about 1.5 meters (4.9 ft) long and 7.5
cm (3 in.) wide
water
Compaction of
intestinal contents
into feces
Absorption of
important vitamins
produced by
bacteria
Storage of fecal
material prior to
defecation
Is an expanded pouch
Receives material arriving
appendix
Is a slender, hollow
colon
Parts of Colon
Ascending Colon
Transverse Colon
Crosses abdomen from right to left; turns at left colic
omentum
Parts of Colon
The Descending Colon
Proceeds inferiorly along left side to the iliac fossa
Parts of Colon
digestive tract
Is an expandable organ for
temporary storage of feces
Movement of fecal material
into rectum triggers urge to
defecate
Anus
like skin
In the cecum
2.
3.
and stercobilinogens
Bacteria break down peptides in feces and
generate
Ammonia,
(complex polysaccharides)
Produce
Movements of the
Large
Intestine
reflexes
Move materials into cecum while
you eat
Movement from cecum to
Stimulus is distension of
receptors in rectum
Small intestine
Is part of the GI tract between the stomach
small intestine,
- connects the
duodenum and the ileum
- contains the
plicae circulares, and villi
that increase its surface
area.
- it is where
products of digestion such
as amino acids, sugars, and
fatty acids are absorbed
into the bloodstream here
- It receives
gastric chyme from the
stomach, together with
digestive juices from the
pancreas (digestive
enzymes) and the liver
(bile).
- contains
Brunner's glands, which
produce a mucus-rich
alkaline secretion
containing bicarbonate.
- joins to the
cecum of the large
intestine at the
ileocecal junction.
- contains
also villi similar to
the jejunum
Digestion
it is where most
chemical digestion
takes place
It is where nutrients
undergo digestion such
as proteins, lipids, and
carbohydrates
It is where digestive
enzymes act secreted
by the pancreas and
the liver
Absorption
most of the nutrients