CONFIDENTIAL

$T o q,

I,
s

UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTERI
sEssroN 201212013
COURSE NAME

HYDROLOGY

COURSE CODE

BFC 32002 / BFC 3092

PROGRAMME

3 BFF
2AT3

EXAMINATION DATE

DECEMBER

DURATION

2 HOUR

INSTRUCTIONS

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

^OI2/JANUARY

UESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF EIGHT

CONFIDBNTIAL

BFC 32002 I BFC 3092

Ql

(a)

Discuss how characteristics of soil are affecting infiltration.

(3 marks)

(b)

Sketch an infiltration rate curve. Give comments with respect to "f,.

(4 marks)

(c)

The isohyet lines are shown in Figure Ql(c). Calculate the

average

precipitation depth within the catchment.

(5 marks)

(d)

The cumulative rainfall in the 50 hectare of catchment area is given in

Table Ql (d). The surface runoff of the catchment is 40000 m3.

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

Determine the total rainfall,

Calculate and give comments on index (D,
Prove that the rainfall excess is 80 ffiffi,
Plot the hyetograph ( with index <D line).
(13 marks)

Q2

(a)

Briefly explain the following:

(i)
(iD

Catchment area,
Time of concentration.
(5 marks)

(b)

Refening to Figure Q2 (b), compute the peak run-off, Qo, fP, a l0-year
storm using Rational Method for a drainage basin of 15 km' and having
the following properties:

i. Stream: length 5000 meter; slope 0.4o

ii. Run-off coefficient:
o Impervious, 3.0 km2 ; c:0.90,
o Grass, 8.0 km2 ; c:0.35,
. Wooded,4.0 km2; c:0.25.

Assume that the stream is flowing bank full.

(8 marks)

(c)

The following data were recorded during a stream-gauging operation in a

river as in Table Q2 (c). Forecast the discharge for this stream by using
the mean section method'
(r2 marks)

BFC 32002 I BFC 3092

Q3

(a)

With the aid of figure, explain TWO (2) techniques of

baseflow

separation.

(5 marks)

(b) (i)
(ii)

Define and illustrate the element of flow/flood routing.

List FOIIR (4) purposes of flood routing.
(8 marks)

(c)

Table Q3 gives the inflow and outflow measured for a particular reach
of a river. Analyse whether the Muskingum parameter x for the reach is
0.2 or 0.3.
(12 marks)

Q4

(a)

Outline THREE (3) explanations why groundwater in Malaysia is not

fully utilized.
(6 marks)

(b) (i)

Define and sketch the unconfined and confined aquifer.

(5 marks)

system at Kota Bharu has the hydraulic

conductivity and transmissivity values about 240 mlday and 1200
m2/day respectively. Calculate the thickness of aquifer.

(ii) Unconfined aquifer

(4 marks)

(c)

One production well was constructed and has penentrated unconfined

aquifer at depth 8.8m. The hydraulic conductivity value obtained is 135
mlday. Two monitoring wells were constructed at distance 300 m and
g00 m from the production well. Groundwater levels at monitoring wells
were measured and obtained 0.9m and 1.4m respectively. Compute the
discharge rate of production well in unit m'/s '
(10 marks)

BFC 32002 I BFC 3092

S1

(a)

Bincangkan bagaimana ciri-ciri tanah boleh mempengaruhi penyusupan.

(3 markah)

(b)

Lakarkan lengkung perkadaran susupan. Berikan komen-komen

berkenaanfr.
(4 markah)

(c)

Garisan isohyet ditunjukkan dalam Rajah Sl(c). Kirakan kedalaman

purata hujan dalam kawasan tadahan ini.
(5 markah)

(d)

Kumulatif hujan di dalam kawasan tadahan seluas 50 hektar ditunjukkan

di dalam Jadual Sl (d). Jumlah aliran permukaan dalam tadahan ini
adalah 40000 m'.

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

Tentukan jumlah hujan,

Kirakan dan beri komen tentang @ indeks,
Buktikan bahawa lebihan hujan adalah 80 mm,
Plotkan hyetograph (dengan menunjukkan garisan

(D

indeks).

(13 markah)

S2

(a)

(b)

Terangkan secara ringkas yang berikut:

Kawasan tadahan,
Masa penumpuan.

(D
(ii)

(5 markah)

Berdasarkan Rajah s2 (b), kirakan aliran puncak, Qp, bagi peristiwa

hujan l0-tah_un menggunakan Kaedah Rasional untuk saliran tadahan
t.iuut l5 km2 dan mempunyai ciri-ciri berikut:

ii. Sungai: panjang 5000 meter; cerun 0.4oh,

ii. Pekali air larian:
o Tidak telap, 3.0 km2 ; c:0.90,
. Rumput, 8.0 km2 ; Q:0.35,
o Hutan, 4.0 km2; c:0.25.
Anggap bahawa sungai ini mengalirkan air memenuhi seluruh saluran.
(8 markah)

(c)

Data berikut telah direkodkan semasa operasl pengukuran sebatang

sungai seperti dalam Jadual 52 (c). Ramalkan kadar alir sungai ini
menggunakan kaedah keratan purata.

(12 markah)

BFC 32002 /BFC3092

(a)

Dengan bantuan rajah, terangkan DUA (2) teknik untuk pengasingan

aliran dasar.
(5 markah)

(b)

(i)

Takrifkan dan gambarkan elemen-elemen untuk penghalaan

aliran/banjir.

(ii)

Senaraikan

EMPAT (4) kepentinganhalaan banjir.

(8 markah)

(c)

Jadual 53 (c) memberikan aliran keluar dan aliran masuk yang diukur
untuk jangkauan tertentu sebuah sungai. Analisa jika parameter
Muskingum, r ini menepati 0.2 atau 0.3.
(12 markah)

(a)

Berikan TIGA (3) penjelasan mengapa air bumi

di

Malaysia tidak

digunakan sepenuhnya.
(6 markah)

(b)

Takrif dan lakarkan akuifer terkurung dan akuifer tak terkurung.

(D

(5 markah)
Sistem akuifer terkurung di Kota Bharu mempunyai kekonduksian
hidraulik dan nilai keterusan adalah masing-masing 240 mlhati
dan 1200 m2ft:ra'i. Kirakan ketebalan bagi akuifer ini.
(4 markah)

(ii)

(c)

Satu perigi pengeluaran telah dibina dan mempunyai akuifer tak

terkurung tertanam pada kedalam 8.8 m. Nilai kekonduksian hidraulik

adalah 135 m/hari. Dua perigi pemantauan telah dibina pada jarak 300 m
dan 800 m daripada perigi pengeluaran. Paras air bawah tanah di telaga
pemantauan diukur dan didapati masing-masing adalah pada 0.9 m dan
i.+ Kirakan kadaralir dalam perigi pengeluaran ini dalam unit m'/s .
( l0 markah)

-.

BFC 32002 I BFC 3092

APPENDIX
LAMPIRAN

FINAL EXAMIN ATION / P E P E RIKSAAN AKHIR

SEMESTER/SESSION
COURSE

NAME

:
:

SEMI I

201212013 PROGRAMME : 3 BFF

COURSE CODE : BFC 32002 I BFC 3092

HYDROLOGY

FIGURESIRAJAH-RAJAH
5 krn
p = 60
-5

rnrn.

km

P=50mm

P= {0 mm

p=30mrn

\,
\

1-

I
,

\\
\

-\

\J

FIGURE Ql(c)
RAJAH Ql(c)

1.3 m

I
I

4m
-?

FIGIJRE Q2(b) : Cross section of stream

RAJAH Q2(b) : Kerstsn rentas bagi sungai

4.5

L
E

*2$years
-+l})@rs

\
\

\
\

d
IE

.l*a
ah
A
E
q)

*.J
E

ts'

)--

2
5

-.-7

0.5
0

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Duration (minutes)

FIGURB Q2(bXiD: Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curve

RAJAH Q2 (b) (ii) : Le ngkung Ke amatan-Temp o h- Fre k ue nsi (ID F)

TABLESIJADUAL-TADUAL

Table Ql (d)
Jadual S
Time (hour)
Masa (iam)
Cumulative rainfall
Kumulatif huian
(mm)

.t

l4

40

80

100

110

TABLE Q2 (c): Stream-gauging data

sun t
JADaAL 52 k): Data
Distance from the left
of water edge

Depth
Kedalaman

Jorak dari kiri sisi air

(m)

1.5

3.0
4.5
6.0
7.5

9.0

Halaju
(m/s)
0.2d

0.8d

0.00
2.20
2.50
2.40

0.0
0.8

0.0

2.r8

(m)
0.0

Velocity

0.9

r.2

1.5

1.1

0.8

0.7

2.tl

0.9
0.5

0.00

0.0

0.6
0.0

65

BFC 32002 I BFC 3092

TABLE Q3: The inflow and outflow of a river

JADUAL 53: Aliran mosuk dan aliran keluar bagi sebuah sungai
Time (hours)
Masa (iam)

Inflows
Aliran Masuk

0utflows
Aliran Keluar

(m3/s)

(m3/s)

110

110

380
680
530
420
330

120

2
4
6
8

l0
t2

240
490
500

428

l4
l6

240q
150

357
300

18

105

250

20

10

170

EO

UATI ON S/PERS.4/I44,4N

IndexO:P-R

Q: AV

V: (R'o; 1st/21ln R: a/p

sz=s,+^,[+-+i
2l
2
Q

=2rbK

h"-

hl,

n(,,/\
\/\)

t:LN

xt+(t-xP