Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chap01 XI
Chap01 XI
@a.alem Go one Laid ov wore Mei cos
B +e ——> a
he frrnwen 3 negediee mP Cursor for ee;
mist Caring ve (rs Te Cog 4 Soe
Lan ce hey ve antl Cuneo (ns wee
LY due to edlditer, cme the dave Claebrns
10 ca Ben -
7 ¢ ngetrg os conspst B Oe gem
For cxangte oo Psp) PG Moly * Ga ee
Dyubevé (ns hava; 5 Bt Gare
ra 4 and raz boating (castcn Mov Fog
Ww SUS ta Lite oa, Whi 173 Wpoibre Ae
le Gans ov lies hjgtrn )0 mblecilce
hp 1+ te -
phi a wdgeve
. id. For eH Cy» C07 Me
tm & poe
ptelly, (as were abil Tan
Catne( +) sp ;
free( (vee peeatp, (eS oe:
bean
fp (0s wh wrslibie
Siren ‘Oh Ow) diadh in god
uclibc 2 nlite rots: “
Us WG lymnattion abnit
Liars ererote LO pile mes B a0 ater
Se a
nt wb Lonptbel 0 eg “boos atm an
e 0 6 calld RELATUE ATéme Hass. Fir exo
ei eaae le 8 } Oo =x 12 =hT8apyy-
Hi Cor 6 12.000 lint - .
Me tl Zany cate atencly
«Beal. we
@ batt tive 0 balpre ta emgh
iPius we we Celtteve aban mm,
eS. wnt’ Seale whe al
‘Clr Aare patlinn 2 a
ea 7 lnk bletive atone t mneostes ue
int Sacilypye aburdince
HRT BRE i8eg288 PDUCYSS Tues necaljye aturdiing
Mlams. 06 Some ecémenr waving SAME Plae
Mame BUT DBECERENT Altinge T8« PRE ute
1S GAGS THUS, PHEM tiptariane 18 CneeeD waapy. Se Wwe?
auondtl by Sally, Sntges Move fame rune B
clbens, foe sank bene eletroe “Ur” on
hug Ay (0 2unbE B elif,
0) “gine atapes hoe sane Chetul eh fof BO
bet preiey fame fostian 10 freee Gable
Gouple. 9 yee ie - St kia Tre? bo Jo
a
Peron fy — Me) “e NEYRING fe)
“pevizkiom - 4 / 7 is) ! 1 7
yl) 4
ay woe 1s) 2 13
es wt tan dbeyfhe 1 eae :
“Maul Ouch Ly a tans i B. faders 10 Meola
Catben Kaa Lhrec wsolapes “¢ 7 ¢ & oe
qn have be Lehn aati Bac wag “he
211 8 neater (por yop, evel
fie, nuntis B soto fies Pav «
“ O's, Mi'sS > a 26, A261 A=I,Z- uw)
QRATIVE AaviDpnte Cf ISTZPES
aoe (heat 7% Chen have Tuk on
1. opow. 5 Peliv e eae a
ee ‘ul Hg.
ra hail
G Clement nth, dre. ven ane
a eee oteNS
ithe ab
80° Rttirafly occuring SOGper in netted & ‘
Gpslibli Gare Atlioacbece ¢80 (eS [SEBS .
ee etre isotypes fave! been Mtn &y
: tak pedlonabrthg a
: (LGPE 3 G?
ee Bo. num bE g
chutut ba @ x a Cone ae
yopates 4 dee i bge, + a 7
wn stTpine Exeientlt (PK clewenl bare o fe
Far example Gud pig) a pike 7
ol geome rr
isotope ype
app ATame MMBZe yy pen FOF
pe Sabet ¢- LY,
es es atone We
nets foes wert
Ey slept quith CLD
Wrch
EvLE wee Le
Ly
nun b&, ise of a we
Ipyeel of POOH fae 0
0s Le fe Ge put Pepto . fer warp l
gloest Sh G C888 Crt
glaie nen Aa - : ue”
ne FROME TELL NeZRMin PTIN FE LATE
(Bis, SELLE DEM aisES P ON pe
tt ee an pastraneae Sch 8 used to easere
ocak mcies F afprat aolyfes Baa ekneal
paste CRIME ;
Asie CRITE 4, substemce Sue mass ‘tile. b2 kelevonmnek
thea ange”
“B ae changed ute vepautt: rice Vi
yaaa canpalien (gpa Ove
ite fase — i oe beam B. high
‘The number of atoms in 1:79 gof gold and 0.023 g of sodium are equal, F
Fillinthe blanks
Theunitofrelativeatomic massis_ Ame ., -.
The exact masses of isotopes can be determined by _maSs
spectragraph. oo .
The phenomenon ofisotopy was first discovered by__ S¢DDY,
Oneofthe well-knownelements_77~/ __haseleven isotopes. .
Fluorine and iodine both have _6 42 __ isotope each and are called
Mass swrectrum is a plot of data in such a way that ive of the ions is plotted
as. SS and relative number of ions as
‘The m/e valves of two isotopes of an clement are. ERB
Stoichiometric calculations can be performed only when is
obeyed. LAW CR Cob AF ARS
What are ions? Under what conditions are they produced? Can you = *
explain the places of negatiye charge in PO, ,MnO, ,Cr.0,?
1; (a) What are isotopes. How do you deduce the fractional aiomic masses of
elements from the relative isotopic abundance? Give two examples in
support of your answer.
(b) How doesa mass spectrograph show the relative abundance of isotopes
ofan element. : .
” (©) * What is the justification of two strong peaks in the mass spectrum for
bromine; while for iodine only one peak at 127ami,isindicated? —*Silver has stomic number 47 and hes 16 known isotopes bu ci
8 : : opes but two occur
aturally i. Ag-107 and Ag-109. Given the following ma.s spectrometic
‘ata calculate theaverageatomic mass ofsilver,
Isotopes Mass(amu) Pereentage abundunce
' Ag 1106.90509 5184
ke 7 "Ag 10890176 = 48.16 hing
7 Onob
pb seceFid +
106-92S09K StBY -f 1OPIOZTER GONE
platen a
700
5541 SRT 4 F244: BSS24
554
100
average ATeaut MASSOE gq =
; : Hae Dae
Avecwngp w7pine Wass wae Urge aia
42 Bocon vith atomic number 5 has two naturally occurring isotopes. 7
era etenuge abundance of" and "B from the Jolowing infortation
‘Average atomiemassofboron = 10.8amu
Isotopic massof"B = = 10.0129amu_
ys n
“ yoo y
eo +) [Boae Xf
0 apg Meet)
ye5age Bleme ee :
- 11900 93 x10)
(00
= (ero129x x) +
10-81 00
= Went) 0 98 INO
|, 7 (oe
08 = (0-129% M0093 % + 100-93
10 81 110023 > 70-9964 %.
penanal Sp (GI 3 FOr DEG X
“ Be : Ro-00f=. . % .
, Gamcenter Gh Ob Bx poco ts. As
sere = g0-cof ANS:
Quoil0. caLcvidiia Enel OF Forsounis QaanIH7ES.
@ MAIS IN $tOMs OF e ZFY "iets Of Kiyo,
Alene MAIS Of Kiln, = BIASS 46G> a1
yO Mole 1 = MASS GRAMS IN GkAms
z : MAR MASE Kad,
WHOLE X metre Hass —
5 = = lass (RAMS
_ FPR 2" 207 9 Ig 5 Mass in Ga
a
mess in SRAMles of O atomsi
20fOMomsin Og ofMg(NO},
MOLES # Hg (we), = ASL aeghaas “2
Me ey
4 7 MaLAR MASS
: a. ;
Neen f5 OF mogles) | rece td = 193
4
eat
”
anuses of mg(Xs), = ie = O:060R MES:
(Ane oF p(y i) conras wale pTtI CF. cangfe = 6 mee
0.0608 motes ” ” on * 26x 0:0608 ui
7 0-36y = OFbGGMoces
Ys mele arm oF AY GEM = BEY 8 role :
oO a See one rp 7 gues 524.4 5('8)
pear nis 0 CYS, WISE 90
: = y9°S. Gf00e
seh & Se : °
as oF Cu8Oy SH22 = gr04o
pace OO
Wo? 9x 0040
bt 0845" X
on motte caS0y SHE on peace 8780
i022 KIO
| o en ATA F 0:36 %
peek of eryt 23 prom
pnt 2) BXIO.
| (dlp Masinsogransr2 0" mies tO, pes
Ee a gemsee OF =
motes ef SB. = st E sneeR
4
mass OF SOLE,
mess WRG? =
ne ‘Moles of C1 atoms in 0.822 g CH.Chy’ a
‘ Ones oF CAth = = MBS INGOTS 5 DOR 2)
Work mAs
“99:
wih Pease BEX 1D mde.”a
jmp €24 Ch, Contams Cl = 2 meee alan
BIXW Le 2 BBR? penoce 27a
wae pres CC > be xa? meiiA atm
fee nee
: = 0:06 MOE ATM: 4» , Fe
cf ye. Massin grams of5.136 moles of sive carbonate 03°
op oF RYE
- matts x Fanue?
MES pass ot Gams
; ‘eae (aos te) ie
SBE X B76.
mass oF Gaus. = TSIEZ
Massin grams of2.78 x 10” molecules of Cr0,Cl, :
wo: oF tbs
Mths oF Cr, Ch Nos
QO puageDler” Se -2
PF Or GE X10 MOE |
iM
Vv
Kesar tt 2 SF
mine moss a Crh. =
5 © rh MA-
ie foams = mulee mer : :
ma ie ere 2 O73 9
\ =
4. “Nantes mse sndlormlntsn 00 gH,
“perl OP Kelby = 3? 3964
2 Masi ghae — _ 100 |
mocks OF KC Trad ee RRS
mote x Aegon of, oP
O- HEX eo n2ni
23 ryemucr.evis
$B = RES
= 0 G16 ae
* ie pone OF . paeauen OTs =
: coy 5 eas
‘ ct a: + RumberofK” ions C10; ions, Clatoms, andOatomsin(h). |
oy roemen wai ob Klid, ONT
492x100 Fajen unis Conga
a on
Sun tntey 4 BNE. Cis CONTAIN 2s
proms Shs p 92x10 prem
Ww ATOMS = 3xg- 92x10 °F
xfer Ga
q : = yk pio
‘ob: = 1G7X0" lgram
_—4)" How many hydrogen atoms are preset
vee MA CF 100
CD) mpue Of APPAR A 00E
D pocecer£e WIT OF Bspan Tame
£11. Aspartame, the ariiicial sweetner, has a molecular formula of C,HyN,O+
a) What is the mass of one mole of aspartame.
b) How many moles are present in 52'g of aspartame.
©) What is the mass in grams of 10.122 moles of aspartame.
nt in 2.43 g of aspartame.
W138
($2 d
ce) MULES OF PSCORTAME = NS mais Ng
mock CLnTRIn ASPEN
9 Lahr reE CONTAIN Hd
nibs DF HyYDRUGEN ARs
“q12_A sample of 0.610 mole of a meial M react
A** fluorine toform 46.82 MF,
12) How many moles of F are present in the sanwl=
©) Which clessent is represented by the symbol M?
MOLARMASS
n
0-149 M00, @
uw
y
on
completely with excess of
of MF, that formas.
2H
‘Ad
LEX if ikea
= Rx .7ean
Ph
= GAS
= 2) 4) +09), +e)
AHO 294 Sen:
(Onassis Seams > mete x Fiytp.a OBES
1 "= yoy22x29¢ = 297599
~3
= ROS P2610
RI mele
[8 th OB m
[LPRE-2OXIO
~3
B07 i
tol Mb:
ee? . =
MA, «
SoroTted:- EQUATION i+ Fa, —_> 2
(Site twilk Be dutts MP, = 1 meek
6-6 Mole ” nt fe MB, = 260
2 onde alow
yrole ME: Coton F
0-G00 mip Fx Co"
tem F =
( foce 0-60 mel Mh, 15 pencees wo
MOLE x PALL tot gkan
GIN 46:94). es
Farr A VP =
2 x 0.600 Bs (ROME AT.
we as 1S
"Frenia PF
mAs
Wee.Tah
a
Former pp = 46. 2 _- V8 ee
0:60
panish Wik Mh, = MrRE)= 78 .
Mr2(19) =78
s = hae
bo atme ri? 4 "at 7 oe
Pekka pl PERTMPERS
a
Pied d Cucvinte 4 of MiMefen aa on
‘KLIP
a Wiese h Z
ZER es
ee ytd = 17 = LE x (20 8238
i a 0 = Yb 67
Mh CONA mer rlaret NA2z=OO 23 xe
16 = = 2 28 yo 22121)
(WH) 4, 994 94 B27 Y HI fhe 7
| iva = = 3S
ia —jyay tut ys = 8° = 28 40
0 iicasent, Sant 12 “un
by Mitbcuiee “7. oo er -
Wh, He PO, AGtRSIt bY = ze :
Gm)yrr, aeeel tatty = 132 ae om a
) 6a, gintye 9% Bhextors 28
("p) Pa, wot 2
3
fg IS Z
Cis) GIS Ghose Cite 0, is the most important nutrient in the cell for generating 7
‘chemical potential energy. Calculate the mass % of each ‘element in glucose and
‘determine the number of C, HandO atomsin 10.5 g of the sample. a
no we..= SHY
0 mass OF gee a
— Heh Zarate =
WT OF EPRBON yiQo =
Mi BP GLUE
Bh OYSGEN = #8 x00
a ppange>. “Bao
“Mees Of GLuasé = Bs (N GROOMS ‘o
mene 170 85
fh CH aot =of CRKBON : : : ee
7 2 6x OC = : *
a. OS aS
WF OYGEN 2 eo Sk rece. Ban
DE wDROGEN = 120058
O° 9S mee A700
; 0: 70 wOc4 an
= mae x BUOLABL OS NOMBER :
= O35SX B22 KIO? Fa
Ri xo 23 a
AI Of, XE 23 2 nag
f yp PX MYEH O° FSKE OEM. = 21K fla
LG. Ethylene aly 2 9+ 7ox b02e ft 23
4 Bee oe eee 2 Y.22KXg B77
. *
mogen and 51.6% 0
Pasa tales Its melar mass is 62.1 grams mol’, Determine ie
Bunanr Mt OE Bm mati EnbagePd.
FaRea:
Wn
Bins OF > CAE BOT
uv
0
B22 eae
Caener 397 B82 22 =
oa2
7s
pyphigen 9:7 SP a 97 a7. Jj cHo
: 3
axyyern SIE Seb SP? San
: 7 eared
empiRicae Fapniek ps C42
= ypapstlb = 3?
moreciiee WP = 621. :
CRS 2
n oer =?
ase
a ip rel gm? 3)
x.
MMe eenegr foemta = (gnorpiae Be 4) e 2
yO)K2 = :
Que. 2, meemeerpe mnie etice 7 ae"
cmaen insu cna 22 WCE %H, 15009, and 9.08% *
SOc iy pipe Bare Empinie et
iNT ” ment, tf roll = 10 FORMULA
. ses i. ob perear .
: 96 of & = 1220 =
Cae BE ag
O° 9:0? oa ty ee eset (ie .
: : ‘ a
No 1802 509 > (07 p07 ye -
Eaprlleae, Fokaw : 2956 :
(okies a Sg UXO,
: ea at 1d = 176 |“Gren melee hh = (76
ne fk IB
Engr 176 :
Mileulkes pues = (& yritay frat 4 wn
So tn (Cw 4g x/= S 4
w/z 2
HO
29
v . . :
2 _Aanicown metal M reacts with Stoformacempoiund with formulaM,S, f°
-g ofM reacts with exactly 2.88 g of sulphur, what a
) a 'g of sulphur, wi ‘are the riames of metal Mind
eur BS ae Ms
to s 2 ws i Gla, 29P a 0:09 MME
1 moles OF = me re
: = oct
“gna S repures me an
toe ” ne aw eZ Ss «ob uel
, = 09 Fee
009 a ox :
Be
G ven wats of Mm =z FRG + Sacd aacl
‘ yy 8 MASS oF 0:06 mile oe me”:
ole Col
a on 009 mole CFS + Aa rr gene
- MOLA = ATane gene pee gilt 82
2 a WE = FR 50k
om .
os tt price WP OF Cr = CLS,
rns mS, a
3g, The octane present i gsaline burns according to the following equation,
2C Hy () + 250\(¢)—~ 16CO xg) + 18H,00) |
a) How many moles of O, are needed to react fully with 4 mnoles ef ¢:tane?
> b) How itiany moles of CO, can be produced from on mote of octane?
©) How many moles of water are produced by the combustion of & moles of
octane? : suk
~ = @) Adthis fecction is to be used to synthesize 8 moles of CC, how many grams.”
|, ofoxygen are needed? How niany grams of octune will be used?
Soe-vtians. .
CY 2 maa elTawe
t
RERWAE OKAies odade PRUE On = 16 gee nee
saita aE ocane LMPMES Chas LE om Bio mugs os
iz
3
CCrANe PRODUCES Haz N® ete aul
ewer
} (20-2 grees
foe “
6s a 7
(4 more cr, REQURES.
ton tw
Fa ea” 4 © area x jeSaiee
Mag WF AYE = SKS. a
an 20 alee ine undef grams of ALS wich canbe
prepara the reaction
20 G4 Aland 30 g of sulphur. How much the non-limiting reactant sin
Soir. Ae, Seco
j Guten fez 209
£399
MOE bf fi = BQ 2 O Val Mate
Meek CS = 22 = OBR MILE
Lace rye col teS 7.
1 abe A Ce, ° Me sy af
0-H) mie fl MoS) = “gx om 2 [e370 0es] |
em ape: AS
)
; 0938 we onl poe Mise ty 0938
: : Pb = rer Moe
Lice Bip oe ia hath aawnut 7 poeclr
wo KinTingt Kine 3 moet
Hence Mb Sy = O31
Nas oF LAS
ce Nat Kialing Keka = 4b 959° |
3B me S kaQuRE Ala MKE “ |
Poa ‘ sa ae a a
oF « fie “px 0-938 = OGL mois”
0-3/3 x(S0“Buia ocrank PRUE OL = 16 pote
ple de 0 clan repels Cas Los Be meee »
5
CC) 2 ntet2 CCrANE. “peebotes than VE rita ‘ . S
don Rennes Ma 218 ‘3
é ” ” ee ;
acl 21x B= 54 Mace.
(41g mie Ca, REQURES
[aS770 LA
Cateutate themnbhi grams of ALS, which can be:
s prepared by the reaction
= How much the sion-limiting reactant is in
i See 2Als 35 hE.
j Gute *fe= 209
f= aq
MOLE CF ff = 4 = Or %Gl ALE
MOLE CES = 32 = ODBR MLE LS
32 : pee
Lace A wage frroctutes MS; >
1 8 M weeds Mes;
0.7%) ake tes aS) 2 x OW = poz i
ad ae MS =] © elt ‘
! Ae
0938 mune vill fro M5;
Aa by = 01313 Mee
es 5 ot lt annul ie
. syd u Linitng Menay WS; = OS OE
Hence.
Was oF fS, = 0-313 x(So
Ni kinuttng. Kealian? = 4b OSE: (
. {
a
xh
3B AUlLe S REQUIRE we ah mne
crete ‘ 22 :
OB? « “a = “ax 0-932
Oo: aS mote
»