1926/ bp Fkv F/ \ni kn\na/ Cwojv C ssSn/ 75 an\pv

kwhn-[m\w: _ Io

Z P\-d
hnP-bI
- p-am mq

"P

\-d' Hcp Xoh-n-bpsS t]cm-Wv.

sht & AvemnIv ssd tdmUp I-\nbpsS A`n-am-\-hn. BhnFns Icp-n
IpXnpw InXpw ]mbp Bbn-cn Fq-dpI-fpsS a[y-nse Xoh-n. hc-h-dn-bnv Hmp-aWn-In-ep-n, ]m\okv hnfpw Xqn, shw
IpSnv, Xobpw ]pIbpw Xpn, tPmPn-b-bnse
acn-sb tj-\n hp-\np P\-d-ens\
ImWn-p-sIm-mWv _ Io kwhn-[m\w
sNbvXv 1926 Ata-cn--bn ]pd-n-d-nb
Cu \ni kn\na Bcw-`n-p--Xv. B Xoh-

30 imkv{X-tI-cfw

n-bpsS ss{Uhdpw Fn-\o-b-dp-amb tPmWn

t{K F sNdp--m-c-\mbn A`n-\-bn-n-cn-pXv kwhn-[m-b-I Xs. Kuch {]Ir-X-m-cs\-nepw kz]v\- IqSp-sI-nb hnS IpIfpw \njvI-f--amb tN-I-fp-am-W-bmp-Xv. 1861 se hk--Imew "P\-d' F Xohn Ign-m Abm Ghpw C-s-Sp-Xv
A\-s_ eo F s]Ip-nsb BWv. tj\n \npw t\sc A\-s_--bpsS hon-tev
\S-p-I-bmWv Abm. Ata-cn--bn B`y-c
Iem]w sImSp-ncn sImn-cn-p- Ime-amWv.

hS- {]tZ-i-m kav tIm ]nSn-S-n-bn-cn-p-p

F hm ]cp Ign-p. bpw Bcw-`n-p-I-bmbn. bphm- Fm-hcpw ]m-f-n tNcm-\p Hcp-n-em-Wv. A\-s_--bpsS tPyjvT\pw A\pw ]m-fn tNcm t]cv tNm ]pd-sp Ign-p. A\s_ tPmWn-tbmSv ]m-f-n tNcp-nt F-t\zjn-p-p. Xs Imap-Insb ktm-jn-n-m-\mbn FpsN-m\pw Abm Hcp-a- m-bncp-p. dn{Iq-nwMv Hm^o-kn\p
apnse Iyqhn Hm-a-\mbn
Ib-dn--m Ah ]e ]cm{I-a-fpw \Sn hnP-bn-pp. bp- a pJv th- X ntesd Bhiyw Cbmsf
ChnsS Xs-bmWv F-Xn\m, C{X- t bsd "hnetbdnb' Hcp Fn- \ o- b sd
]m-f-n tNm Ah
Hcp--a-m-bn-cp-p. Bamdmw \Sn hopw Iyqhn
Ib-dn--m tPmWn {ian-pp-s-nepw ]mf Hm^ok Abmsf HmSn-p-hn-p.
Xncn-s-nb tPmWnsb
Iv A\-s_ tZjy-s-Sp-p. Ah ]d-Xv Ah
hniz-kn-p-n-. Hcp `ocp-hns\ X\nv Imap-I-\mbn
thsv Ah Xd-np ]d-bp-p. ]mf bqWn-t^m-ane-msX C\n XtmSv anm htc-spw ]dv
Ahs\ Dt]-n-p-p.
bpw Bcw-`nv Hcp hj-n\p tij-amWv ]noSv
IY XpS-cp--Xv. ZpxJn-X-\mb tPmWn Agpw "P\-d'
sXp-h-Sv HmSn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. \ {]W-bns thZ-\-I t]dn-sm-v.
CtX kabw hS- {]Z-is ]mf P\-d Xmdpw apJy Nmc-\mb Iym]v BtU-gvkWpw hensbmcp KqVm-tem-N\ m sNp-I-bm-Wv. thjw amdn
\pg-p-I-bdn tPmWn-bpsS Xohn Xn-sm-p-t]mIm-\p h ]cn-]m-Sn. Xncnpt]mIpw hgn Fm Xohn-m-f-fpw ]me-fpw XIp D{K Ana-dn
AXnn-bn-tev ]m-f-m-scbpw Ah-cpsS km[-\-sfbpw Fn-p-Xv XS-m Xncn-m-{I-aWw Ffp--

amIpw F-h-dn-bmw.
KqVm-tem-N-\-sb-p-dn-sm-p-a-dn-bmsX
km[m-cW t]mse P\-d-en bm{X Bcw-`n-pI-bmWv tPmWn. bp-ap-W
- n-bn apdn-thv InSp ]nXm-hns\ ImWm-\mbn t]mIp A\s_-bpw bm{X-msm--ap-v. ]t Ah tPmWn-tbmSv Hv ]pn-cn-p-p-t]m-ep-

an-. Hcp tj-\n `Ww Ign-m-\mbn

bm{X-m-scmw hn-bn \npw ]pd-n-dnb kabw i{Xp-kwLw hn Xn-sb-Spv
IS-p-I-f-p. A_--n A\-s_ am{Xw
hn-bn s]p-t]m-bn-cp-p. Xs Xohn
IpXn-tmSn ad-bp-Xv Iv tPmWn-smpw
a\-n-em-bn-. ap--hsc Iqn Abm hnv ]ndsI HmSp-p-v. HmSov Imcy-an-s-m-btm lmUv enh sImv ]mf-n-eqsS
HmSn-p \mep-N-{I-hn kwL-Sn-nv ]ndsI
IpXn-p-p. apn t]mb i{Xp- ]mfw
Cfn amn- b - X n- \ m Hcn- S v hv hn
adnv tPmWn sXdn-p-ho-gp-p. ]ns Hcp
sskn- f n ]np- S v ASp Xohn
B^o-kn-sen Ahn-sS-bp ]m-f-mv
hnhcw \Ip-p. Ipsd ]m-f-mscbpw Ibn
tPmWn Ahn-sS-bp Xoh-n-bn ]pd-s-SpG{]n 2015 31

p. \n`m-Ky-h-im ]m-f-m Ib-dnb t_mKn Fn\p-ambn _n-n-m hnp-t]m-bn-cp-p. Iptd-Zqcw HmSn-gn-mWv A_w Abm a\-n-em-p--Xv. Xncnp-t]m-hm ka-b-an-m--Xn-\m X\np Xs tPmWn
bm{X XpS-cp-p. Iym]v BtU-gvks kwLw ]m-fn ]e-hn[ XS-- Dm-n-bmWv aptmp
t]mIp--Xv. Ch-sbm-sbpw HmSp hn-bn \nv
NmSn Cdn tPmWn kzbw amp-I-bm-Wv. Hcp tj-\n
\nv henb ]ocn kwL-Sn-nv AXpw sImmWv
]ns-bm{X. AXn-km-l-kn-I-ambn Xoh-n-bnse ]ocn-bn \npw shSn-sh-p-pv tPmWn. Ghpw Xami-\n-d kw`-h-v AXv Imc-W-am-Ip-p-s-n-epw.
Xsf ]oc-n-bp-ambn ]np-S-cp henb ]m-f-kwL-amWv ]nd-In Fp IcpXn "P\-d' tamm IpXn-p-]m-bp-I-bm-Wv. Cu Xpc-ntbm- S n- - e n- \ n- S - b n tPmWn ImWnp kml-knI {ia--fpw, Nnetm kw`- h n- p A_- fpw, hp-ho-gp `mKyhpw
Hs t{]-Isc BImw- b p- s Sbpw Ap- X n-sbpw Xam-i-bp-sSbpw Hs at\m-\n-e-Ifn-eqsS IS-n-smp-t]m-Ipw.
Hcp tamew
IS-p-t]m-Ip kab- mWv Iym]v
BtU-gvkWpw Iqm-fnIfpw tPmWn-t{K-bpsS Xohn ASpv ImWp--Xv.
B Xoh-n-bn Icp-Xnb-Xp-t]mse ]m-f-mscmpw Cspw shdpw Hcp Fn ss{Uh am{Xta Dq Fpw Ah a\n-em-p-p. tPmWn t{Kv kw`-h-n-Xn-bpsS Kuchw
Atg ]nSn-In-n-bp-q. Xm\n-tm i{Xp cmPy-n-\-Im-sW Imcyhpw IqSn-bm-b-tm Xoh-n-bn \nndn HmSn Imn-sem-fn-p.
cm{Xn ag-bn sImSpw-X-Wp-n hniv Xf
Abm ASp-p-I sIn-S-n-\p-n-tev P\ hgn
IS-p-p. hnf-n-sh Am-g-ta-i-bn \npw `Ww ssI-em-p--Xn-\n-S-bn Bm hcp iw
tIv tai--Sn-bn Hfn-p-p. ]mf Hm^o-kam-cpsS
cl-ky-tbm-K-am-W-hnsS ]pXnb B{I-a-W-ns Bkq-{X-W-X-{--sfmw Hfn-p-tIp-p. Bbp-[fpw `-Whpw km[-\--fp-ambn Xoh-n-I AXnn-bnse tdmv dnh IS-m\pw Hcp-n-\np
]m-f-ns klm-b-tmsS an B{I-aWw \S-

32 imkv{X-tI-cfw

m-\p-ap ]-Xn. "P\-d' Xoh-n-bn \np Innb

A\-s_-sb AhnsS XS-hn ]mn-n-cn-p Imcyhpw Abm a\-n-em-p-p. Fm-hcpw ]ncn--tm
Imhmsc Iogvs-Spn Xs {]W-bn-\nsb cnv
AhnsS \npw ]pd-n-d-p-p. A\-s_ eo sb kw_-n-n-S-tmfw CXnepw hen-sbmcp kml-k-IrXyw
Hp-an-. Xs cn-m-\mbn Poh ]W-b-s-Spn
i{Xp IqSm-c-n {]nb-X-a Fn-bn-cn-p-p.
{]Imiw ]c--tm Ccp-hcpw Hcp Xohntj-\cn-In-emWv DXv Fv a\-n-em-p-p. XohnIfn
Nc-p-I Ib-p Xnc-mWv. "P\-den'epw km[-\-
Ib-p-p-v. Npap-Im-c-\mbn `mhnv A\-s_-sb Nmn sIn Npav tPmWn t{K Xoh-n--cnIn- s e- p- p. Fn av
t_mKn-I-fp-ambn _n-np ]n A\- s _
Ducnam- p- p- v . an
thK- X - b n tPmWnt{K
P\- d - e nse Fn
dqanse ]mf P\-dens\ ASnv t_m[w-sISpn hogvn
Xoh-n-bp-ambn
c- s - S p- p.
P\- d - e ns\ ]np- S v ]nSnm- \ mbn ]m- f o-hn ]ndsI IpXn- p- p. Ah- s cpw
apv AXnn ISv Xs cmPy- nse ]m- f msc B{I-aW hnhcw
[cn-n-m-\mbn kh-inbpw D]-tbm-Knv IpXn- p- I - b mWv "P\- d en'
tPmWnbpw A\-s_--bpw. X IS-p-t]m-Ip ]mXbn XS-- Dm-m Ccp-hcpw ]e kq{X-fpw
sNp-p-v. tdmv dnh ]me-n\p apI-fn-sen ]men\v Xobnv kml-kn-I-ambn tPmWn adp-Ic Fn ]mf-mv hnhcw Fn-p-p.
]ndsI IpXn- s - nb i{Xp- ] - - ns ]mf
Xohn BZyw kwi-bnp \ns-nepw cpw Inv
Xo]n-Sn ]me-n-eqsS adp-Ic IS-m {ian-p-p. \Sp`m-K-s-n-b-tm ]mew XIv Fmw ]pg-bn
hoWp \in-p-p.
XpSp bp-n sX ]mfw hS- i{Xptk-\sb \new-]-cn-im-n. bp-hn-P-bm-tLm-j--fn Bcpw tPmWn-t{Ksb Hpw ]cn-K-Wn-p-t-bn-. hnP-binn Bbn-cpp B ]mhw!

Xs {]nb-s Xoh-n-bpsS Fn dqan-tev

X\np Xncn-p-\-S-p-p. "P\-d' Xncn-p-]n-Sn-p Ahk-c-n tPmWn-bpsS ASn-tbv hoWp-In-S i{Xp-]s P\-d-en\v Atm-gmWv t_m[w hcp--Xv. tPmWn
Abm-fp-ambn BtLm-j--e-s-p-p. i{Xp-ta-[mhnsb Iogv s - S pn XS- h n- e m- nb tPmWn- t {Ksb
Atm Xs ]mf-nse e^v-\mbn \nb-an-pp. HutZymKn Iap{Z-bmbn hm km-\n-p-p. ]m-fHm-^o-k-dpsS bqWn-t^m-an Xs {]nb Xoh-n--cnIn A\-s_-sb Npw_n-p-\np-Ibpw AtX-k-abw
IS-p-t]m-Ip ]m-f-m Hmtcm-cp-pw keyqv
\Ip-Ibpw sNp IYm-\m-b-I-\n kn\na Ah-km\n-p-p.
sjeIv Pq\n-b (1924) Z \mhn-tK- (1924) skh
Nmkkv (1925) XpS-nb h P\-{]nb kn\n-a-I krn--Xn\p tij-amWv Am-es Ghpw sNe-th-dnb
"Z P\-d' kwhn-[m\w sNm _ Io\v Ah-kcw
e`n-p--Xv. ]t Nmns kqcy-tX-P-n Cu kn\na
an-tm-bn. ""]qW-ambpw lmky-kn-\n-a-bp-a-, ]qWamb kml-knI kn\n-a-bp-a-m Hv'' Fv ]cn-l-knv
Ah-K-Wnp If-p t{]-Icpw \ncq-]-Icpw. \ni
kn\n-a-bpsS \a-h-k--Im-ev Xncn--dn-bmsX t]mb
"P\-d' F{Xtbm Zi-I-v tijw sshIn-bm-sWnepw Bkzm-Z-I-temIw s\n-te-n-bn-cn-p-p. s]mSnpw ampw anbpw s]mnbpw hnIr-X-am-bn-cp
]gb {]nn \npw ]pXnb UnPn- sd-td-j
sSIv\n-p-I-fn-eqsS "P\-d' ]p\krn--sv hopw
I-tm-gmWv B al-mb kn\n-a-bpsS HuyXyw
Ghcpw Xncn--dn-bp--Xv. Ata-cn- ^nenw Cn-yqv
2007 \S-nb Xnc-s-Sp-n Ghpw anI \qdv
Ata-cn- kn\n-a-I-fn P\-d ]Xn-s\mw m\w
t\Sn. tdm_v F_n-s\-tm-ep \ncq-]-I \ni
kn\n-a-I-fpsS Iq-nse Ghpw anI ]n-sem-mbn

Cu kn\n-asb Xnc-s-Sp-p. BZyw \nd-p-\n

tPmWn F IYm-]m-{Xs A\-iz-c-am-m kwhn-[mb-I-\mb _ Io\p km[n-p. kn\n-a-bpsS ssii-hZ-i-bn \nan Cu kn\n-a-bpsS kmt-XnI anIhv
\s Ap-X-s-Sp-pw. Ime-Lw ]p\kr-n-p-Xn Imnb {]Xn-`bpw AXn-km-l-knI cwK- dnben-n-mbn Ah-X-cn-n--Xnse kqva{i-bpw, HmSnsm-n-cn-p Xoh-n-I-fnse kw`-h- ]Inb-Xnse Iymad anIhpw Hs \s icnpw A-c-np--h-bm-Wv.
DtZz-K-fpw BImw-bpw kwLjhpw \nd
Hcp bp-I-Y-bn DS-\ofw `mc-c-ln-X-am-b, emL-h-]qWamb \am--cow \ne-\nm _ Io\p km[np-p-v.
_^q ^en-X--sfpw "A_ `mKy'fpsS
bmZr-n-IX DWp Xam-i-I-sfpw Hs hne-Ip-dp-Im-Wm ]p \njvI-f lmky--fmWv Nmns\
t]mse _Wpw ]b-p--Xv. Nmns Dp-t]m--bmb
apJ-tN--I Nncn-n-m-\mbn _ D]-tbm-Kn-p-n. inem-k-am-\-amb \nhn-Imc apJs hnS IpI am{Xta Ct-ls klm-bn-m-\p-q. kml-knI
cwK- A`n-\-bnv ^en-n-p--Xnse Np-d-pw.
Xs ImapIn Dt]-np t]mb-tm lrZbw XIv tPmWn Xs Xoh-n-bpsS N{I--n Xfncn-p Hcp Zriy-apv Cu kn\n-a-bn. CX-dn-bmsX
Abm-fpsS Akn- v Xohn sjUn-tev \om-\mbn
aptms-Sp-p-p. hn \on-p-S-n-b-sXmpw tPmWn Adn-bp-n-. N{I--n-s\mw ]Xps Dbp
Xmgp \mb-Is Ip-I hnZq-c-X-bn-setm Xd-p\np-I-bmWv Nne \nan-j- An-s\-bmWv \mw
]cn-kcw adv ebnv t]mIpw. "Z P\-d' \s `qX-Imep \npw \ma-dn-bmsX Bhn hn-bn-tev Bhmlnp sImp-t]mIpw Xo.

G{]n 2015 33