]

hnP-bI
- p-am mq

2002 / Hmkvt{S-enb/ As_m-dn-Pn, Cwojv/ If/ 93 an\pv

kwhn-[m\w : ^nenv t\mbnkv

30 imkv{X-tI-cfw

Sn-m-d Hmkvt{S-en-bsb s\Sp-\of-n ]Ip-p-sImv Ccp-]Xmw \qmns XpS--n Hcp In-apthen

]Wn-tb-n-h-p. "dm_nv {]q^v s^kv'
F t]cn Ncn{X-n CSwt\-Snb B
then 3253 Intem-ao- \of-n sXp-hS- mbn \op- I n- S - p- p. t]cv t]mse
Xs apb IS- m- X n- c n- m shv
Bkvt{S-en-b km ]WnX apthen
]t Hcp ]cm-P-b-am-bn-cp-p. Cu apthen
PohnXw Xncn-p-\Inb cp Ipn-I-fpsS
IY-bmWv "dm_nv {]q^v s^kv' F
Bkvt{S-en-b kn\n-a.
bYmY kw`- h - sf B[m- c - a mn
sUmdnkv ]nn-MvS Kmcn-amc Fgp-Xnb
"t^mtfm Z dm_nv {]q^v s^kv' F
B-I-Ym-]-c-amb {Ks Ah-ew-_nmWv ^nenv t\mbnkv Cu kn\na \nann-cn-p--Xv. Kmcn-am-c-bpsS A tamfn s{IbvKns _mey-Ime Hma-I hnh-cn-p
hn[-n-emWv kn\na Bcw-`n-p--Xv. 14
hb-kp-Imcn tamfnbpw A\p-Pn 8 hb-kpImcn sUbv k nbpw _p- h mb 11 Imcn
t{Kknbpw Ah-cpsS Abvpw ap-n-psam--amWv Pohn-p--Xv. \K-c--fn \npa-Ise h\-{]-tZ-is Pnkm-temMv F
BZn-hmkn Ducn. Pnkm-tem-Mn-eqsS "dm_nv {]q^v s^kv' IS-p-t]m-Ip-p-v.
hj-v apv then-bpsS \nam-W-tPmenv h sh-m-cmWv Ipn-I-fpsS ]nXm-m. BZn-a-tKm-{X-m-cn ]nd-p
sh- m- c psS Ipn- I sf "lm^v Imv '
FmWv hnfn-p--Xv. 1931 BWv kn\n-a-

bpsS Ime-L-w. bqtdm-]y IpSn-tb- sf XpSv `qanbpw kzmX{yhpw Ah-Im-i-fpw \-ambn

Zpcn-X-Po-hn-X-n-emWv Xt-io-b.
Chsc ]qW- a - \ p- j y- c m- b n- t ]mepw
\mK-cnI a\p-jy IW-m-n-bn-cp-n. Ch-cn sh-mv ]nd IpnIsf Gs- S pv "kwkv I m- c - N n- cmbn' hfn hwi-ip-o-I-cWw \St--Xm-sWv Khsa v Icp-Xn.
Abv pw ap- npw Hw
Imp-In-g-p-I tiJ-cnpw sNdp-Pohn-Isf th-bmSn Npp-Xnpw ktmj-]qhw _meyw BtLm-jn-p-IbmWv Ipn-I. Ahsc ]nSn-p-sImp-t]m-Im A[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS \ntZi-{]-Imcw t]meokv Fnbnp-s-dn A Ipn-Isf Hfn-n-p-ps-nepw Ah-km\w ]nSn-ho-gp-p.
km Untm- b n tdj hmm h Ipn-I dnKvkv F t]meo-kp-Im-cs In s]Sp-Ibm-bncpp. Ae-dn-hn-fnv A-am XS-bm
{ian-p-p-s-nepw Ipn-Isf hnbn Ibn t]meo-kp-Im-c t]mIpp. ]n-q-Sp-t]m-ep Agn-s-n-Ifn Xoh-n-bnepw IpXn-c-h-n-I-fnep-ambn Znh-k- \o ZoL-bm{X-I. Ah-km\w s]v \K-c-n\paIse "aq dnh sknsa v' F-

tI{-n Ipn-I Fp-p. Ah-sc-tmse \qdp-I-W-n\v Ipn-I-fp-hn-sS. hyXy-kvX-amb `mjbpw ioefpw D AhnSw Ahv \c-I-ambn tXmn. "No^v s{]m- Hm^v As_m-dn-Pnkv' Bb F H s\hn F Hm^o-k-dpsS \nb-{-W-n-emWv
B ew. -k--c-hwik--Xn-Isf
Cwojv ]Tn-npw XpWn t]mep ssIth-e-I ]cn-io-en-npw
\ hop-th-e-m-cm-m-\p N-Sn
s{Sbn-\n-m-W-hnsS Atlw Bkq{XWw sNbvXn-cn-p--Xv. tKm{X-Po-hn-

X-n \npw ]qW-ambpw Ahsc

amn-sb-Sp-p-I. hnhmlw sNp-ps- n sh- m- s c- s mp Xs sNn-n-p-I. Ans\ hwikw-c-Ww km[y-am-sW-mWv km Icp-Xp--Xv. tI{-n \nv
Hfn-tm-Sp--hsc ]nXp-Sv ]nSnm kaY-\mb tKm{X-hK-m-c\mb aqUp F a[y-h-b-kvI PmKcq-I\
- mbn kZm Npn-d-
- p-p-m-hpw
Xncn-p-h-m GIm XS-hmWv
in.
A]-cn-NnX temItp ]dn-

BKv 2015

31

p-\-S AwKo-I-cn-m tamfn Hcp-a-m-bn-cp-p. A-tbbpw _p--tfbpw {Kma-tbpw Xs `mj-tbbpw

Fs-t-p-ambn Ism-gn-bm Ahm-hn-. Hfn-tm-Sn-tm-hm Ah Xocp-am-\n-p-p. IqsS sUbvknbpw s{Kbvkn-bpw. ag-taLw I\
Hcp-\m Ah ]pd-p-I-S-p-p. X-fpsS Ime-Sn-m-Sp-I ]nXp-S-cm
aqUp-hn\v Ign-bn-, ag Fm sXfn-hpIfpw ambvp If-bp-sa--h-dn-bmw.
Znibpw hgnbpw Adn-bm B sImp-Ip-n-I P-kn--ambn e`n {]IrXn Adn-hp-I am{Xw sImv A\hnim-e-amb acp--d-n-eqsS PnKm-temMn-tev bm{X ]pd-s-Sp-p. ]ndsI
]nXp-Sv Fp aqUp-hns\ I_-fn-npw t]meo-kp-Im-cpsS Ins-SmsX Hfn-pap AXn-km-l-knI-amb bm{X-bm-bn-cpp AXv. bm{Xbvn-S-bn tKm{X-hK-m-cn Nne
`Ww \In Ahsc klm-bn-pp-v. Hcp sh-mcn ho Ahv Infn DSp-p-I \In, apb
IS- m then- b n- t e- p hgn
Imn-sm-Sp-p-p. B then ]nXpSv hS-tmv k-cn-m {Kma-nse-m-\mhpw Fv tamfn--dn-bmw.
ITn-\-bm-{X-bn t]meo-kns Ins-SmsX Xe-\mcng-bvmWv Ipn-I
c-s-Sp--Xv. Fnepw t{Kbvknsb
t]meokv ]nSn-IqSn XncnsI sImpt]m-Ip-p-v. Hpw sNm-\m-hmsX
tamfnbpw A\p-P-nbpw t{Kbvkn AIp t]mIp-Xv t\mn-\np
Zriyw lrZ-b-t`-Z-I-am-Wv. 2400 Intemao- hnP-\-amb acp-{]-tZ-i--fn-eqsS
apn-th-en-bpsS Nm--n H]Xv BgvN-I \Sv Ah A-bpsS ASp-s-n. t]meo-kn\p ]nSnsIm-Sp-msX acp-`q-an-bn Hfn-p-Xma-kn-p. hnhmlw Ign-p. ]t AhcpsS Ipp-sf aqdn-h-dnse tI{n-tev sImp-t]m-hp-Xv XS-bm\m-bn-. 1970 hsc Cu {Iqc-amb a\pjyXz ewL\w XpSn-cp-p. hrcmb tamfnbpw sUbvknbpw PnKmtem-Mnse hgn-I-fn-e qsS \S- p- \ op Zriy-n-emWv kn\na Ah-km-

32 imkv{X-tI-cfw

\n-p--Xv. R Cu ew hnv
Hcn-S-tpw t]mbn F {]kvXmh-\-tbm-sS.
kzw `qanbpw kwkv I m- c hpw
ssIhn-p-t]m-Ip-Xv {]Xn-tj-[n-m\m-hm-sX Ip-\nt-n-h kmXznI P\-X-bm-bn-cpp Bkvt{S-en-bbnse tKm{X-hK-m. sh-m-cpsS IpSn-tbw khXpw \-am-n. IpSn-tb--tm-sSmw Fnb ]pXnb
tcmK- Ahsc sImsm- S p- n.
A]-cn-Nn-X-amb B tcmKm-Wp-sXn-cmb {]Xn-tcm[-tijn Ahn-mbn-cp-p. tImSn--W-n\p hj-fmbn _mly CS-s]-S-ep-I-fn-msX Hsp InS `q{]-Ir-Xn-bpsS hnipnv ta ]pXnb Irjn-bn-S- Iftan- p. {]IrXn Xmf- h p- a mbn
CW-n-tp tKm{X-Po-hn-Xm-Nm-

c-, ioe- Fmw Xp-S-bvs-p.

tKm{X- h Kkv { XoI- f n shmp-mb Ipn-Isf ASnamn "tmf P\-td-j' krn-m
{ian--Xns Zpc-m-\p-`-h-amWv Cu
kn\na ]p-shp--Xv. ]qW-a-\p-jycm-bn-tmepw ]cn-K-Wn-msX kz]v\-fpw taml-fpw a\p-jy-hn-Nmc-fpw IW-m-msX, henb a\pjym-h-Imi ewL-\-amWv X sNbvXp-h-Xv Fv bqtdm-nse shm-cpsS km Xncn--dn-bp-Xv
F{Xtbm sshIn am{X-am-Wv. 2008
{][m-\-a{n sIhn dqUv ]me-san cmPys BZn-a-\n-hm-kn-I-tfmSv
Cm-e-a-{Xbpw sNbvX {Iqc-X-Ipw A\o-Xn-Ipw a tNmZn-p.
]t {]Ir-Xn-tbmSv sNbvX {Iqc-

Xbvv BtcmSv a-tNm-Zn-pw.

Cu kn\n-a, {]Ir-Xnv ta a\pjys It---fpsS `mhn-hn-]-pIsf Imn--cp-p-v. Aw \mSIo-b-Xbpw ISpw-hW-fpw Ncn-{Xs hf-sm-Sn-epw Dm-bn-p-s hnai-\- \ne-\np-tm
Xs CsXmcp \ kn\n-a-bm-sWv Dd-np ]d-bm-\m-hpw. hwim-l-I a\p-jys\ IqSp-X IqSp-X Ak-ln-jvWphpw {Iqc-\p-amn amnsm-n-cn-p h-am-\-Im-ev
Cu apthen Hman-n-pXv henb Hcp ]mT-am-Wv.

Btem-N-\m-iq-\y-X-bpsS tijnv
bq

tdm-]y IpSn-tb--m Hmkvt{S-en-b `qJ-a-lm-hn-kvXr-Xn-bn A-cp \np-I-bm-bncp-p ]sm-Xmw \qm-n. BZn-a-\n-hm-kn-Isf

Ata-cn--bn-se--t]mse ssI-cp-m sImpw
Bn-Hm-Snpw Iogvs-Sp-nbpw Ah kh-`q-anbpw
kz-am-n. Irjnbpw hyh-km-bhpw Bcw-`n-p.
bqtdm-ns\ Ahn-tSv ]dn-p-\-Sm hymtam-ln-p.
hnt\m-Z-th-f-I-fn th-bmSn ckn-m Cw-n
\nv sImp-h 24 Imp-ap-b-ep-Isf 1859 tXmakv
Hmn F Irjn-m-c Xs Irjn-bn-S-n Cdn-hn-p. Ap-tImSn hj-ambn ap `qJ---fn
\n-Iv H-sv \n B {]tZ-iv apb-ep-Isf
_m[n-p Hscm tcmKm-Wp-t]m-ep-ap-m-bn-cp-n-.
{]Ir-Xym-bp Cc-]n-Sn-b i{Xp-fpw Dm-bn-cp-

n. kbkv ^nIvj kn\n-a-I-fnse Ahn-iz-k\ob ImgvN-bmWv ]noSv kw`-hn--Xv. H hjw sImv Hmns Irjn-bn-S-nse Fm ]pw s]p-s]cp-Inb apbepI Xnp-Xop. apbscpw Fm
IW-p-Iq-epw sXnv ssIhn-p-t]m-bn. ]-p-I Idpapsd Xnv Xov apb{]-fbw hfp. Irjn-`q-anI khXpw Xcn-in-S--fm-bn. hjw 75 Intem-ao-
F tXmXn apbS apt-dn-sm-n-cp-p. shpIn-fn-qw t]mse apbqw B{I-a-W-m 30
hjw-sImv ]Sn-m-d Hmkvt{S-en-b-bpsS henb
{]tZiw ]pp-ap-f-bvm acp--d-mbn amn. 1920 Bbtm-tgpw Imp-ap-b-ep-I-fpsS Fw Bbn-cw-tImSn
Ihn-p. temI-nse Ghpw hnim-e-amb Duj-cim-]-`q-an-bmbn Hmkvt{S-enb amdn-b-Xn Hcp sNdnb
ssIp--m-Sn\pw ]p-sv kmcw.
_mn-bp Irjn-bn-S-sf apb-em-{I-a-W-n
\npw cn-m-sa Dt-i-n hj- sImv
]Wn-Xp-Xo-XmWv "dm_nv {]q^v s^kv' ]t
AXp hnP-b-am-bn-cp-n-. AXn\p apt Xs apb-epI ]Sn-m-d `mKpw Fn--gn-n-cp-p. Ahkm\w sXt Ata-cn--bnse hfp-apb-epI-fn
c-{km-hhpw ac-Whpw ]c-nb ssaIvtkma sshdkns\ Cd-p-aXn sNbvXmWv 1950 Imp-ap-b Xmhw hcp-Xn-bn-em-n-b-Xv. B[p-\nI a\p-jys Albvpw Bnpw ZoL-ho--W-an-m-bvabvpw
Innb Xncn--Sn-bpsS AS-bm-f-ambn B then \op\n-hp InS-p-p.

BKv 2015

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