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PENGARUH PEMBERIAN NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS

(NSAID) TERHADAP PERGERAKAN GIGI PADA PERAWATAN


ORTODONTIK
Amalia Virgita, Atika Samy Kencana, Sherly Septhimoranie
Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

ABSTRACT
Orthodontic treatment is an attempt to improve the arrangement and the position of the
teeth in order to obtain a stable occlusion function, improvement of mastication, muscle
balance and good facial aesthetic. Pain is primary complain of patients after
orthodontic treatment procedure. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAID
commonly called, for example; ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and diclofenac sodium,
effectively to minimize the pain. This review describes the mechanism of action and
effects of NSAID to orthodontic tooth movement. NSAID work by inhibiting the
synthesis of prostaglandins, which prostaglandins are mediators of pain and
inflammation which is formed from arachidonic acid in the body cells with the help of
the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX). Inhibition of the COX enzyme will cause the
prostaglandins are not formed and the pain eased. However, inhibition of prostaglandin
synthesis has resulted in a reduced number of osteoclasts is needed in the process of
alveolar bone resorption and apposition. This will cause an impediment in the rate of
orthodontic tooth movement.
Keywords: Orthodontic, NSAID, prostaglandin.
ABSTRAK
Perawatan ortodontik adalah usaha untuk memperbaiki susunan dan kedudukan gigigeligi agar mendapatkan fungsi oklusi yang stabil, perbaikan pengunyahan, dan
keseimbangan otot serta estetika wajah yang baik. Nyeri merupakan keluhan utama
pasien pasca-prosedur perawatan ortodontik. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
atau biasa disebut NSAID, contohnya; ibuprofen, asetaminofen, dan sodium diklofenak,
efektif untuk meminimalisir rasa nyeri tersebut. Penulisan ini menjelaskan mekanisme
kerja dan efek NSAID terhadap pergerakan gigi pada perawatan ortodontik. NSAID
bekerja dengan cara menghambat sintesis prostaglandin, dimana prostaglandin
merupakan mediator nyeri dan inflamasi yang terbentuk dari asam arakidonat pada selsel tubuh dengan bantuan enzim cyclooxygenase (COX). Penghambatan pada enzim
COX akan menyebabkan prostaglandin tidak terbentuk dan nyeri mereda. Namun,
penghambatan sintesis prostaglandin tersebut mengakibatkan berkurangnya jumlah
osteoklas yang dibutuhkan dalam proses resorpsi dan aposisi tulang alveolar. Hal ini
menyebabkan laju pergerakan gigi ortodontik terhambat.
Kata kunci: Ortodontik, NSAID, prostaglandin.

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